Ngaba unazo ezi mpawu? Makhe sithethe nge-sarcoidosis!

Ngaba ngamanye amaxesha ukhe uzive ngathi kukho into engaqhelekanga emzimbeni wakho, kodwa awukwazi ukuyiqonda kakuhle into eyenzekayo? Kukho izifo ezithile ezithi zivele emzimbeni wakho ngamanye amaxesha, kodwa ukuba uzazi kakuhle, ungazilawula. I-Sarcoidosis yenye yezi meko. Namhlanje, siza kuthetha ngale nto ngokulula, ngendlela onokuyiqonda.

Yintoni iSarcoidosis?

Ngamafutshane, i-sarcoidosis yimeko apho amasosha omzimba wakho eba negalelo elikhulu kwaye enze amaqhuqhuva amancinci kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba. La maqhuqhuva abizwa ngokuba yi-granulomas . Iimpawu zixhomekeke ekubeni la maqhuqhuva akheka phi kunye nobukhulu bawo. Ngamanye amaxesha kusenokungabikho zimpawu konke konke, okanye zinokuqala kwintlungu encinci ukuya kwiimpawu ezinzima. Okuyingozi ngakumbi kukuba ngamanye amaxesha la maqhuqhuva anokubangela amanxeba ezicubu, abizwa ngokuba yi-fibrosis , anokonakalisa imiphunga ngokusisigxina, umzekelo.

Ezi granulomas zinokwakheka naphi na emzimbeni. Kodwa zihlala zifumaneka emiphungeni nakwii-lymph nodes . Ukongeza, zinokwakheka eluswini, emehlweni, nakwimisipha, nto leyo ebangela iimpawu.

Yintoni i-granuloma?

Ngaba ungacinga ngedabi elincinci eliqhubekayo emzimbeni wakho? I-granuloma yiloo nto kanye. Inkqubo yakho yokuzikhusela yomzimba icinga ukuba kukho into embi engene emzimbeni wakho. Ngoko ke, iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi ziyaqokelelana zijikeleze loo nto imbi, ziyijikeleze, kwaye ziyihlukanise nomzimba wakho wonke. Kufana nokubamba utshaba. Le nqwaba yeeseli ezimhlophe zegazi ezivalelweyo yenza umaleko wezicubu ezine-fibrous ezijikelezileyo. Yiyo loo nto i-granuloma ivakala ngathi yiqhuma elincinci xa uyichukumisa.

Ngubani ochaphazeleka kakhulu yile meko?

I-Sarcoidosis inokuchaphazela nabani na, kodwa abanye abantu banokuba nayo. Umzekelo, le meko ixhaphake kakhulu kubantu abamnyama kunakwabamhlophe. Ikwachaphazela nabasetyhini ngaphezu kwamadoda. Ihlala ifunyaniswa kubantu abaphakathi kweminyaka engama-25 nama-40 ubudala .

Esi asisosifo esizuzwa njengelifa. Oko kukuthi, asiyonto edluliselwa ngqo kumama ukuya kutata. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba isalamane esisondeleyo kusapho lwakho (abazali, abantwana, abantakwenu okanye abantakwenu) sinale meko, nawe usengozini yokuba nayo.

I-Sarcoidosis ithathwa njengesifo esingaqhelekanga . Umzekelo, eMelika, kukho izigulane ezingaphantsi kwamakhulu amabini amawaka nangaliphi na ixesha.

Ziziphi iimpawu zeSarcoidosis?

Njengoko benditshilo ngaphambili, iimpawu zixhomekeke ekubeni zeziphi emzimbeni apho ii-granulomas zakheka khona. Uninzi lwabantu lufumana iimpawu emiphungeni. Nangona kunjalo, ezi mpawu zinokuvela naphi na emzimbeni, eluswini, emehlweni, emalungwini, eneneni. Ngamanye amaxesha kunokubakho iimpawu eziqhelekileyo kuphela, ezifana nokuziva ubuthathaka nokudinwa, okanye kusenokungabikho zimpawu konke konke.

Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo:

• Ifiva
• Ndihlala ndidiniwe, ndidiniwe
• Intlungu yamalungu
• Intlungu okanye ubuthathaka bemisipha
• Ukubila ebusuku
• Ii-lymph nodes ezivuvukileyo
• Ukunciphisa umzimba ngaphandle kwesizathu
• Ukwakheka kwamatye ezintso

Iimpawu ezinxulumene nemiphunga:

• Ukukhwehlela (idla ngokuba kukukhwehlela okomileyo)
• Ubunzima bokuphefumla, ukuphefumla okunzima (ukuphelelwa ngamandla)
• Iintlungu zesifuba
• Ukuphefumla (ukubetha umlozi) xa uphefumla

Iimpawu ezinxulumene namehlo:

• Ukubona okufipheleyo okanye ukulahlekelwa ngokupheleleyo kombono (ngenxa yeemeko ezifana ne-optic neuritis)
• Intlungu yamehlo
• Ukubomvu okanye ukudumba kwamehlo (iimeko ezifana ne-'uveitis' okanye 'conjunctivitis')
• Uvelwano ekukhanyeni (ukungakwazi ukujonga ukukhanya)

Iimpawu ezinxulumene nolusu:

• Amaqhuma phantsi kolusu ajikeleze amanxeba okanye iitattoo
• Amabala akhanyayo okanye amnyama eluswini
• Amaqhuma okanye izilonda ezibomvu-mfusa empumlweni okanye ezidleleni (`lupus pernio`)
• Amaqhuma abomvu, athambileyo kwindawo yesinqe (i-erythema nodosum)

Iimpawu ezinxulumene nentliziyo:

• Iintlungu zesifuba
• Ukuva intliziyo yakho ibetha ngendlela engaqhelekanga (ukubetha kwentliziyo)
• Ingxaki yesingqisho sentliziyo (i-arrhythmia)
• Ukumelwa yintliziyo
• Ubunzima bokuphefumla

Iimpawu ezinxulumene nenkqubo ye-nervous:

• Ukunxanwa rhoqo okanye ukuchama kakhulu (i-Diabetes insipidus)
• Ubuthathaka okanye ukukhubazeka kwemisipha yobuso (i-Bell's palsy)
• Intloko ebuhlungu
• Ukuxhuzula

Zithini izigaba ze-pulmonary sarcoidosis?

I-Sarcoidosis, imeko echaphazela imiphunga, ngamanye amaxesha ichazwa ngokwamanqanaba. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yinkqubo yokwahlulwahlulwa kweSiltzbach .

Kodwa kubalulekile ukukhumbula: La manqanaba awabonisi ukuba isifo sinzima kangakanani na. Akunyanzelekanga ukuba uwadlule onke. Ahlulwe ngokwendlela amaphaphu akho abonakala ngayo kwi-X-ray yesifuba. Oko kukuthi, apho ii-granulomas zikhoyo.

Umntu one-sarcoidosis unokuhambahamba phakathi kwezi zigaba, okanye ii-granulomas zisenokunyamalala ngokupheleleyo. Isigaba sodwa esingenakuphikiswa sisigaba sesine. Kulapho kwenzeka khona umonakalo ongunaphakade emiphungeni, obizwa ngokuba yi-pulmonary fibrosis.

• Inqanaba 0:Uvavanyo lwe-X-ray alubonisi zimpawu ze-sarcoidosis emiphungeni. Imiphunga kunye nee-lymph nodes zibonakala ziqhelekile.
• Inqanaba loku-1: Iigranulomas zifumaneka kuphela kwii-lymph nodes.
• Inqanaba lesi-2: Iigranulomas zikho kuzo zombini ii-lymph nodes kunye nemiphunga.
• Inqanaba lesi-3: Iigranulomas zifumaneka kuphela emiphungeni.
• Inqanaba lesi-4: Ii-X-ray zibonisa i-pulmonary fibrosis, nto leyo ethetha ukuba imiphunga isoloko inezibazi.

Yintoni ebangela i-sarcoidosis?

Isizathu esichanekileyo sale meko asikaziwa okwangoku. Uphando lubonisa ukuba ibangelwa kukudibana kwezinto ezibangelwa yimfuza kunye nezinto ezichaphazela imeko-bume. Oku kuthetha ukuba amajoni omzimba abanye abantu anokusabela ngokugqithisileyo kwii -antigen ezithile, ezifana neebhaktheriya kunye neentsholongwane. Nangona amajoni omzimba ebandakanyeka, i-sarcoidosis ayithathwa njengesifo sokuzikhusela komzimba .

Ekubeni singazi kakuhle ukuba zeziphi ii-genes kunye nee-triggers ezidibanayo ukuze zibangele oku, kunzima ukuqikelela ukuba ngubani oza kuyivelisa.

Yintoni i-Löfgren syndrome?

I-Löfgren syndrome kukuqala ngequbuliso kwe-sarcoidosis. Ibonakaliswa yindibaniselwano yeempawu ezichaphazela iindawo ezininzi zomzimba:

• I-arthritis kwiijoyinti ezahlukeneyo.
• Ifiva.
• Amaqhuma abomvu, athambileyo kwindawo yesinqe (i-erythema nodosum).
• Ukudumba kwee-lymph nodes esifubeni.

Iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba i-Löfgren syndrome idla ngokuphela kwisithuba seenyanga ezi-6 ukuya kwiminyaka emi-2.

Ifunyanwa njani i-sarcoidosis?

I-Sarcoidosis idla ngokuchongwa ngugqirha okuxilongayo (`uvavanyo lomzimba`), owenza iimvavanyo zomfanekiso ezifana ne-X-ray yesifuba, aze athathe isampuli encinci ye-granuloma ekrokrisayo ukuze ihlolwe (i-biopsy) . Ngenxa yokuba esi sifo sinokuba neempawu ezifanayo nezinye izifo, ugqirha wakho unokuyalela iimvavanyo ezongezelelweyo ukuze asuse ezinye iimeko.

Zithini iimvavanyo zokuxilonga?

Uvavanyo lwemifanekiso kunye ne-biopsies zezona vavanyo ziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziselwa ukuxilonga i-sarcoidosis, kodwa ugqirha wakho unokuyalela ezinye iimvavanyo ngokuxhomekeke kwiimpawu zakho.

• Uvavanyo lokufota: Olu vavanyo lusebenzisa oomatshini abakhethekileyo ukuthatha imifanekiso yezinto ezingaphakathi emzimbeni wakho. Ugqirha wakho unokuyalela ii-X-ray zesifuba, ii-CT scans, okanye ii-MRIs.
• Iibhayoloji:Uhlobo lwe-biopsy oluqhutywayo luyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwindawo ekucingelwa ukuba i-granuloma ifunyenwe kuyo. Ii-biopsy ezivela kulusu, kwi-conjunctiva, nakwezinye ii-lymph nodes azinzima kangako kwaye zingenziwa ngaphandle kokwenza umsikelo omkhulu.

Ngamanye amaxesha, ukuze ufumane isiqwenga sesicwili emiphungeni, kufuneka usebenzise indlela enzima ngakumbi. Oku kwenziwa ngokufaka iityhubhu ezincinci, iikhamera, kunye nezixhobo ze-biopsy ngempumlo okanye emqaleni, okanye ngokwenza umsikelo omncinci. Imizekelo:

• ``I-endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial fine needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA)''
• ``I-Bronchoscopic transbronchial biopsy''
• `I-Mediastinoscopy` (Ezi ziinkqubo zonyango ezintsonkothileyo, kwaye zenziwa ngugqirha kuphela xa kuyimfuneko)

Ezinye iimvavanyo:

• Uvavanyo lokusebenza kwephaphu: Olu luvavanyo olujonga ukuba imiphunga yakho isebenza kakuhle kangakanani. Olu luvavanyo olulula.
• Uvavanyo lwegazi nomchamo (`Uvavanyo lwelebhu`): Jonga indlela amanye amalungu omzimba, anjengesibindi nezintso, asebenza ngayo.
• I-Electrocardiogram (EKG okanye i-ECG): Uvavanyo oluqhelekileyo olujonga ukusebenza kombane kwentliziyo yakho.
• Uvavanyo lwemifanekiso yenyukliya: Olu vavanyo luquka ii-PET scans kunye nee-gallium scans. Olu vavanyo lusebenzisa inani elincinci lezinto ezine-radioactive ukujonga ukudumba emzimbeni.
• Uvavanyo lwe-Purised protein derivative (PPD): Olu luvavanyo olulula lolusu. Lujonga ukuba umntu unesifo sephepha okanye akasulelwanga sisifo sephepha. Oku kubalulekile kuba ngamanye amaxesha i-TB inokufana ne-sarcoidosis.
• Ukuhlolwa kwesibane esiqhekekileyo: Ugqirha ujonga ngaphakathi kweliso lakho ukuze abone ukuba i-sarcoidosis ibangela iingxaki zamehlo na.

Iphathwa njani i-sarcoidosis?

I-Sarcoidosis idla ngonyango ukulawula iimpawu nokuthintela umonakalo kwizitho zomzimba. Khumbula, ii-granulomas zibangelwa kukudumba okubangelwa ziiseli zomzimba. Ngoko ke, unyango lubandakanya amayeza atshintsha okanye alawula inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela. Unyango luyahluka ngokuxhomekeke ekubeni i-granuloma ikuphi emzimbeni.

Akukho ndlela ithile yonyango lwe-sarcoidosis. Kodwa ihlala iphucuka ngokwayo . Ukuba iimpawu azikhathazi kakhulu okanye azisongeli ubomi, ngamanye amaxesha i-sarcoidosis ayinyangwa kwangoko. Endaweni yoko, wena nogqirha wakho niza kusebenzisana ukujonga iimpawu zakho.

Ngawaphi amayeza e-sarcoidosis?

La mayeza asebenza ngokutshintsha okanye ukulawula inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela nokunciphisa ukudumba. Amanye amayeza asetyenziswa kakhulu ngala:

• IiCorticosteroids:Amayeza anjenge-prednisone kunye ne-cortisone. La anciphisa ukudumba emzimbeni. Afumaneka njengeepilisi zokuginya, njenge-inhaler yokutshiza emlonyeni, okanye njenge-cream yokuthambisa (yolusu okanye amehlo).
• Ii-immunosuppressants: Ezi zinceda ekuthinteleni inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ekubeni yonakalise amalungu omzimba kwaye ibangele ukudumba. I-Methotrexate luhlobo lweyeza elisetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-sarcoidosis.
• Ii-anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha antibodies (ii-anti-TNF-alpha antibodies): Amayeza afana ne-infliximab. La mayeza asebenza ngokuthintela ikhemikhali ethile kwinkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ukunciphisa ukudumba. La mayeza anikwa ngugqirha njengomxube (njengesisombululo se-saline) emthanjeni.
• Amayeza Angalwiyo Ne-steroidal Anti-Inflammatory (NSAIDs): La mayeza anika isiqabu sexeshana kwiimpawu ezibangelwa kukudumba, kodwa aqhelekanga ukuba anikwe ixesha elide.

Zithini iingxaki/iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zonyango?

Ii-Corticosteroids zinokunyusa umngcipheko wakho wokugula. Zinokubangela neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezininzi. Imizekelo ibandakanya:

• Ukuba mkhulu kakhulu.
• Ukungalali.
• I-acne.
• Ukuphuhlisa isifo seswekile kubantu abanesifo seswekile.
• Igazi elonyukayo.
• I-Glaucoma.
• IiCataracts.
• Ukuncitshiswa kwamathambo (i-Osteoporosis).
• Ukudakumba kunye nobunzima bokulawula iimvakalelo.
• Ulusu olukrweleka lula.

Ngenxa yezi zizathu, oogqirha bacebisa kuphela amayeza e-sarcoidosis ukuba iingenelo zingaphezulu kweengozi.

Ndiza kuziva ngcono ngokukhawuleza kangakanani emva konyango?

Kungathatha iiveki ezininzi ukuya kwiinyanga ezininzi ukuba iimpawu ziphucuke emva kokuqala unyango lwe-sarcoidosis. Ugqirha wakho uza kukujonga aze enze uvavanyo lokulandelela ukuze abone ukuba unyango luyasebenza na.

Zeziphi ukutya okungafanelekanga ukutya xa une-sarcoidosis?

Olunye uphando lubonisa ukuba iindlela ezithile zokutya zinokunciphisa ukudumba emzimbeni. Ukutya ukutya okusekwe kwizityalo ezininzi njengemifuno neziqhamo , ukunciphisa inyama netshizi, kunye nokunciphisa iicarbohydrate ezifana neswekile nesonka kunokunceda kwiimpawu zakho ze-sarcoidosis. Kodwa qiniseka ukuba ubuza ugqirha wakho ngaphambi kokuba uqalise ukutya okutsha.

Ngaba i-sarcoidosis ingathintelwa?

Ngenxa yokuba unobangela ochanekileyo ungaziwa, akukho ndlela yokuthintela i-sarcoidosis okanye ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokuba nayo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuthatha amayeza njengoko ugqirha wakho eyalela kunokunceda ukunciphisa umonakalo kumalungu omzimba obangelwa zii-granulomas.

Iyintoni imbonakalo yesarcoidosis?

I-Sarcoidosis iyahluka ngobukhulu. Kubantu abaninzi, yimeko yexeshana eba ngcono ngokwayo okanye ngonyango. Kwabanye, inokuba sisifo sexesha elide ('isifo esingapheliyo') kwaye ibangele umonakalo ongunaphakade.

Cinga ngoku: Malunga nesibini kwisithathu sabantu abane-sarcoidosis baya kuphila ngokupheleleyo (oko kukuthi, esi sifo siya kungena 'ekuxolelweni') kwiminyaka emibini ukuya kwemithathu. Abo bane-Löfgren syndrome ekhankanyiweyo ngaphambili banethuba elingcono lokuchacha, rhoqo kwiinyanga ezi-6 ukuya kwiminyaka emi-2.

Abantu abasenayo i-sarcoidosis emva kweminyaka emithathu banamathuba amaninzi okufumana isifo sexesha elide. Nangona kunjalo, kwanabo bane-sarcoidosis ixesha elide, yi-10% ukuya kwi-20% kuphela yabantu abafumana umonakalo osisigxina kumalungu omzimba. Eyona ngxaki ixhaphakileyo kukuqhekeka kwemiphunga.

Uninzi lwezigulane ezine-sarcoidosis ziphila ubomi obuqhelekileyo. Bambalwa kakhulu abantu abafayo (1% - 5%). Ngoko ke, akukho nto inokubangela ixhala, le yimeko elawulekayo.

Ndingazinyamekela njani xa ndiphila ne-sarcoidosis?

Eyona nto ingcono onokuyenza kukulandela imiyalelo kagqirha wakho. Qhubeka ujonga iimpawu zakho rhoqo ukuze ubone utshintsho. Sela amayeza akho njengoko uyalelwe. Kubalulekile nokuba uhlale uzolile.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?

Ukuba ubonakalisa iimpawu ezintsha, ukuba iimpawu zakho ziyakukhathaza, okanye ukuba usela amayeza kwaye uneengxaki zeziphumo ebezingalindelekanga, bona okanye uthethe nogqirha wakho ngoko nangoko.

Ndingayibuza yiphi imibuzo ugqirha wam?

Kunganceda ukubuza le mibuzo xa undwendwela ugqirha wakho:

• Ngaba kuluncedo ngakumbi kum ukufuna unyango okanye ukujonga iimpawu zam?
• Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuba iimpawu ziphucuke?
• Ndingazi njani ukuba unyango lwam luyasebenza?
• Ngaba kufuneka ndenze utshintsho kwindlela endiphila ngayo?
• Ndingabuya nini ndize kukubona kwakhona?

Ngamafutshane (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

I-Sarcoidosis yimeko engaqhelekanga enokubangela iimpawu ezahlukeneyo. Ungakhathazeki, uninzi lwexesha iya kuphela yodwa okanye ngonyango. Nangona inokuba lixesha elide, inokulawulwa kakuhle ngamayeza kunye neengcebiso zonyango. Khumbula, kwezinye iimeko kungcono ukujonga iimpawu zakho ngaphandle konyango. Wena nogqirha wakho ninokugqiba ukuba yintoni ekulungeleyo. Ngoko ke, hlala uqinile kwaye ulandele iingcebiso zikagqirha wakho.

I- Sarcoidosis, i-granuloma, inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela, isifo semiphunga, isifo solusu, isifo samehlo, isifo sentliziyo, i-Sarcoidosis, i-granuloma, inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela, isifo semiphunga, isifo solusu, isifo samehlo, isifo sentliziyo