Masithethe nje ngeentlobo zesifo seswekile (iDiabetes Mellitus)

Sonke silivile igama elithi 'isifo seswekile'. Mhlawumbi kukho umntu kusapho lwakho, umhlobo, okanye nawe ngokwakho ochaphazelekileyo yile meko. Kodwa ubusazi na ukuba isifo seswekile asisosifo esinye nje kuphela, kodwa sineentlobo ezahlukeneyo? Namhlanje, siza kuthetha ngohlobo ngalunye, iimpawu zaso, kunye nendlela yokuzilawula ngendlela elula nethe ngqo.

Ngamafutshane, isifo seswekile ligama eliqhelekileyo lezifo ezininzi ezichaphazela inkqubo yokuguqula ukutya esikutyayo kube ngamandla. Xa sitya ukutya okuneecarbohydrate (iitatshi), umzimba wethu uyakuguqula kube luhlobo lweswekile ebizwa ngokuba yiglucose kwaye uyongeze egazini. Emva koko ipancreas yethu ivelisa ihomoni ebizwa ngokuba yi-insulin , ethatha loo glucose egazini ize iyithumele kwiiseli ukuze ivelise amandla. Kumntu onesifo seswekile, le nkqubo ye-insulin ayisebenzi kakuhle. Ngenxa yoko, amanqanaba eswekile egazini ayanda. Ukuba oku akulawuleki, iingxaki zempilo ezinzulu zinokuvela ngokuhamba kwexesha.

I-prediabetes

Eli linqanaba lesilumkiso ngaphambi kokuba isifo seswekile siqale. Apha, amanqanaba eswekile egazini lakho aphezulu kunesiqhelo, kodwa akaphezulu ngokwaneleyo ukuze ufumanise isifo seswekile ngokupheleleyo.

Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha unokubona ulusu luba mnyama kwiindawo ezifana nentamo, emakhwapheni, nasemqolo. Akuqhelekanga ukuba uqaphele ukwehla okanye ukunyuka kobunzima ngendlela engachazekiyo, ukutya kakhulu, ukudinwa, ukubila, ukubona okufipheleyo, kunye nokuphola kancinci kwamanxeba.

Ukuba utshintsha indlela ophila ngayo ngeli xesha, ungathintela okanye ulibazise uphuhliso lwesifo seswekile esipheleleyo.

• Ukuzilolonga rhoqo.
• Ukutya ukutya okunempilo.
• Ukugcina ubunzima bomzimba bufanelekile.
• Ulawulo loxinzelelo.
• Kuphephe ukutshaya.

Ukuba ezi zinto zinzima ukuzenza okanye ukuba usemngciphekweni omkhulu wokuba nesifo seswekile, ugqirha wakho unokukunika amayeza.

Uhlobo lwe-1 lwesifo seswekile

Oku kwakubizwa ngokuba yi-'juvenile diabetes'. Kodwa ngoku siyazi ukuba inokukhula nangaliphi na ixesha. Yimeko yokuzikhusela komzimba . Ngamafutshane, okwenzekayo apha kukuba inkqubo yomzimba wethu yokuzikhusela ihlasela kwaye itshabalalise iiseli ezivelisa i-insulin kwi-pancreas yethu. Emva koko umzimba awusakwazi ukuvelisa i-insulin.

Le meko ayinakuthintelwa. Idla ngokubangelwa zizinto ezibangela ufuzo.

Iimpawu zesifo seswekile sohlobo loku-1

Ezi mpawu zibonakala ngokukhawuleza kakhulu, kwiiveki ezimbalwa.

• Ukuziva unxaniwe kakhulu kwaye ulambile.
• Ukuchama rhoqo.
• Umbono ofipheleyo.
• Ukudinwa kakhulu.
• Ukunciphisa umzimba ngaphandle kwesizathu.

Ngamanye amaxesha, uphawu lokuqala lunokuba yi-diabetes coma, nto leyo enokubangela imeko embi kakhulu efana nokulahlekelwa zingqondo.

Ukuba wena okanye umntwana wakho unezinye zezi mpawu, yiya kwiSebe lezeMpilo eziNgxamisekileyo (ETU) lesibhedlele ngoko nangoko.

Isifo seswekile sohlobo loku-1 singonakalisa imithambo yegazi ebuthathaka emehlweni (i-diabetic retinopathy), imithambo-luvo (i-diabetic neuropathy), kunye nezintso (i-diabetic nephropathy). Kwakhona kwandisa umngcipheko wesifo sentliziyo kunye nestroke.

Unyango lubandakanya ukunika i-insulin ngaphandle, kusetyenziswa iipeni ze-insulin, iimpompo, okanye iisirinji. Ukongeza , ukuvavanywa rhoqo kweswekile yegazi, ulawulo lokutya, kunye nokuzilolonga kubalulekile.

Uhlobo lwesibini lwesifo seswekile

Olu lolona hlobo luxhaphakileyo, luchaphazela malunga nama-90% abantu abanesifo seswekile. Sasibizwa ngokuba yi-'adult-onset diabetes'. Kodwa namhlanje sixhaphakile nakubantu abancinci nakubantwana. Ukutyeba kakhulu yimbangela enkulu.

Okwenzekayo apha kukuba imveliso yomzimba ye-insulin iyancipha, okanye iiseli zomzimba aziphenduli ngokufanelekileyo kwi-insulin eveliswayo (`Insulin Resistance`). Oku kubangela ukuba i-pancreas isebenze nzima kwaye ivelise i-insulin engakumbi. Kodwa ngokuhamba kwexesha, oko akwanelanga kwaye amanqanaba eswekile egazini ayanyuka.

Iimpawu zesifo seswekile sohlobo lwesibini zikhula kancinci kancinci. Zisenokungabonakalisi zimpawu kangangeminyaka. Yiyo loo nto abantu abaninzi befunyaniswa benaso xa befuna unyango lwesinye isifo.

Ukulawula olu hlobo, ukugcina ubunzima obusempilweni, ukutya ukutya okunempilo, kunye nokuzilolonga kubalulekile. Abanye abantu banokufuna ukuthatha amayeza okanye inaliti ye-insulin. Konke oku kumiselwa ngugqirha wakho.

Isifo Seswekile Sokukhulelwa

Abanye oomama banokuba nesifo seswekile sexeshana ngenxa yotshintsho lweehomoni emizimbeni yabo ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-"gestational diabetes." Sihlala sichongwa ngovavanyo olwenziwe phakathi okanye ekupheleni kokukhulelwa.

Ixesha elininzi, akukho zimpawu zibalulekileyo. Kunokubakho iimpawu ezingephi ezifana nokoma okukhulu kunye nokuchama rhoqo. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba le meko iphele emva kokuba umntwana ezelwe.

Umngcipheko mkhulu kumntwana osesiswini kunakumama. Xa iswekile yegazi likamama inyuka, idlulela kumntwana nge-placenta. Oku kunokuchaphazela ukukhula komntwana. Umntwana unokuba nobunzima obukhulu, abe nobunzima bokuphefumla xa ezalwa, kwaye abe semngciphekweni omkhulu wokufumana isifo seswekile okanye ukutyeba kakhulu kwixesha elizayo. Ke ngoko, kubaluleke kakhulu ukulawula isifo seswekile kakuhle ngexesha lokukhulelwa.

Ezinye iintlobo ezingaqhelekanga zesifo seswekile

Ukongeza kwiintlobo ezintathu eziphambili ezingasentla, kukho nezinye iintlobo ezininzi ezingaqhelekanga zesifo seswekile.

Isifo seswekile esibangelwa yiMonogenic

Ibangelwa kukutshintsha kwejini enye. Ingafunyanwa njengelifa. Rhoqo, isifo seswekile sifunyanwa ebuntwaneni okanye ebusheni kwaye asibonisi zimpawu zohlobo 1 okanye uhlobo 2, ngoko oogqirha bayakukrokrela oku.

Isifo seswekile sesibini

Oku kunokubangelwa yenye imeko yezonyango engabonakaliyo okanye amayeza owasebenzisayo. Umzekelo:

• Izifo ezinxulumene namahomoni (i-Cushing's syndrome, i-Acromegaly)
• Izifo zepancreas
• I-Cystic Fibrosis (CF)
• ``Isifo se-Polycystic Ovarian'' (PCOS)
• Ukusetyenziswa ixesha elide kwamayeza athile e-steroid.

Kwezi meko, isifo seswekile sinokulawulwa xa imeko esisiseko inyangwa.