Ngamanye amaxesha ufumana nje umkhuhlane, ukukhohlela, kunye nobunzima bokuphefumla, akunjalo? Kuba ngcono kwiintsuku ezimbini okanye ezintathu. Kodwa ukuba oku kuyaqhubeka ukwenzeka, ingakumbi ukuba ezi mpawu ziyanda xa usiya kwindawo ohlala kuyo okanye emsebenzini, kusenokungabi yinto eqhelekileyo. Namhlanje sithetha ngemeko enokuba yingozi kancinci, kodwa abantu abaninzi abangayiqondiyo. Loo nto yi-Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis, okanye i-HP ngamafutshane.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni i-Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis (HP)?
I-Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis (HP), ukuba inyanisile, yi- allergy echaphazela imiphunga yethu. Kodwa oku akufani ne-allergy esiqhele ukuyazi kwi- pollen okanye uthuli. Okwenzekayo koku kukuba ii-air sacs ezincinci (i-alveoli) ezikwimiphunga yethu zisabela kakhulu kwiisuntswana ezincinci kakhulu (esizibiza ngokuba zi-allergens) esiziphefumlelayo. Oku kubangela ukudumba, okanye ukudumba , kwezo ngxowa zomoya.
Ezi mpawu zinokuvela ngequbuliso (ezibukhali) zize ziphele ngokukhawuleza, okanye zinokukhula kancinci kancinci ngokuhamba kwexesha zize ziqhubeke (zingapheli).
Oku kwahluke njani kwi-allergy eqhelekileyo?
Khawucinge nje, xa une-allergy kuthuli, ufumana impumlo egobhozayo kunye nokuthimla. Kodwa nge-HP, kwahlukile. Xa sihlala sichatshazelwa ziingceba ezibangela oku, oko kukuthi, xa siziphefumla, imiphunga yethu inokonakala ngokusisigxina . Ekuhambeni kwexesha, amanxeba anokuvela nakwimiphunga. Le meko siyibiza ngokuba yi- 'interstitial lung disease '. Ngoko ke akulunganga ukuyicinga nje njenge-allergy eqhelekileyo.
Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokufumana i-Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis?
Nangona esi sifo sinokuchaphazela nabani na, abantu abasebenza kwimisebenzi ethile kwaye bahlala kwiindawo ezithile basengozini enkulu kuba bahlala bephefumla amasuntswana abangela esi sifo. Masibone ukuba bangoobani.
| Iqela lomngcipheko | Ingcaciso elula |
|---|---|
| Abantu abasebenza kwiifama | Abantu abasoloko benxibelelana nezinto ezifana neenkomo, imifuno, ingca, kunye neenkozo banokuphefumla isikhunta kunye neebhaktheriya. |
| Abantu abasebenza nezilwanyana | Oogqirha bezilwanyana, abantu abafuya iintaka okanye iinkukhu, kunye nabantu abacoca iikheyiji zeentaka banokuphefumla amasuntswana avela kwindle yeentaka kunye neentsiba. |
| Iifektri zeenkuni kunye nabasebenzi beenkuni | Ukuphefumla uthuli lomthi kunye neenkuni ezikhula phezu komthi. |
| Abantu abasebenza kwishishini lesinyithi | Ukuphefumla amasuntswana amancinci eekhemikhali akhutshwa ngexesha lokucubungula isinyithi. |
| Indawo yangaphakathi | Ukuphefumla umngundo kunye neebhaktheriya ezivela kwizifudumezi ezingagcinwanga kakuhle, iinkqubo ze-AC, iibhafu ezishushu, njl. Ukusebenzisa imiqamelo kunye neematrasi ezenziwe ngeentsiba zeentaka nako kuyingozi. |
| Ubudala | Iqheleke kakhulu kubantu abaphakathi kweminyaka engama-50 ukuya kwengama-70 ubudala. |
Into ebalulekileyo kukuba, esi sifo senzeka xa inkqubo yakho yomzimba yokuzikhusela "iba buthathaka" kakhulu kwinto ethile. Ayinguye wonke umlimi okanye umfuyi weentaka ohlakulela oku.
Zithini iimpawu zesi sifo?
Iimpawu zesifo se-HP zingavela ngeendlela ezimbini eziphambili. Enye yimpawu ezibukhali kwaye enye yimpawu ezingapheliyo .
| I-HP ebukhali | I-HP engapheliyo |
|---|---|
| Ezi mpawu zibonakala kwiiyure ezimbalwa emva kokuba umntu echaphazeleke yi-allergen zize ziphele kwiintsuku ezimbalwa. Zisenokuvakala ngathi zibanda. | |
| - Ubunzima bokuphefumla (ukuphelelwa ngamandla) | - Ukuphelelwa ngumphefumlo xa usenza umthambo okanye usebenza |
| - Ukukhwehlela okomileyo | - Ukukhohlela okungapheliyo |
| - Ukuziva uxinene esifubeni | - Ukudinwa kakhulu |
| - Ukuziva ubanda, uqhaqhazela | - Ukunciphisa umzimba ngaphandle kwesizathu |
| - Ifiva | - Ukuqhwaba ngeminwe |
| - Intlungu yomzimba | |
I-HP engapheliyo ikhula kancinci kancinci, ngoko usenokungakwazi ukuyibona ekuqaleni. Into yokuqala onokuyiphawula yinto efana nokuthi "Ndiziva ndidiniwe xa ndinyuka izitebhisi ezimbalwa ngoku kunangaphambili."
Indlela yokuxilonga esi sifo?
Ukuba unale mpawu, ugqirha wakho uza kuqala akubuze ngomsebenzi wakho, izinto ozithandayo,, uza kubuza imibuzo emininzi malunga nemeko-bume yasekhaya lakho. Oku kuza kukunika umbono wento onokuba ne-aleji kuyo. Emva koko, ugqirha uza kumamela imiphunga yakho nge -stethoscope aze ajonge amanqanaba e-oxygen yakho ngokuncamathisela isixhobo esifana ne-clip emnweni wakho (i-'pulse oximeter').
Ukongeza, uvavanyo olufana nolu lunokwenziwa ukuqinisekisa isifo ngokuchanekileyo.
- Uvavanyo lwegazi olubangelwa kukunganyamezelani: Uvavanyo olulodwa ('iphaneli ye-hypersensitivity pneumonitis') lunokwenziwa ukuze kubonwe ukuba kukho ii-antibodies ezinxulumene noku kunganyamezelani egazini lakho.
- I-X-ray yesifuba okanye i-CT scan: Oku kungabona ngokucacileyo ukuba kukho ukudumba, amanxeba (i-fibrosis), okanye omnye umonakalo emiphungeni.
- Uvavanyo lokusebenza kwephaphu: Oku kubandakanya uvavanyo oluninzi olulinganisa indlela imiphunga yakho esebenza ngayo kunye nokuba ungakanani umoya onokuwuphefumla nokuwukhupha.
- I-Bronchoscopy: Kule nto, ityhubhu enekhamera encinci eqhotyoshelweyo idluliselwa ngempumlo okanye emlonyeni iye emiphungeni, apho ingaphakathi lihlolwa khona kwaye, ukuba kuyimfuneko, kuthathwa isampuli encinci yezicubu ukuze ihlolwe.
Iphathwa njani?
Inyathelo elibalulekileyo nelokuqala ekunyangeni esi sifo kukufumanisa i-allergen ebangela esi sifo size siyiphephe ngokupheleleyo.
Ukuba uqhubeka nokuchatshazelwa yiyo, nokuba uthatha amayeza angakanani na, esi sifo asiyi kunyangeka ngokupheleleyo. Kwimeko ye-Chronic HP, nokuba uhlala kude ne-allergen, umonakalo emiphungeni unokuqhubeka nokwanda.
Ukongeza ekuphepheni i-allergen, ugqirha wakho angakunika unyango olufana nolu.
| Indlela yonyango | Inkcazo |
|---|---|
| Ii-corticosteroids okanye amayeza okunciphisa umzimba | La mayeza anceda ekunciphiseni ukudumba emiphungeni. Imizekelo: `prednisone`, `mycophenolate`, `azathioprine`. |
| Amayeza okulwa ne-fibrotic | Ezi zinceda ekunciphiseni izinga lokuqhekeka kwamanxeba emiphungeni. Imizekelo: `pirfenidone`, `nintedanib`. |
| Ukuvuselelwa kwemiphunga | Ukuzilolonga ngokuphefumla kunye nonyango lomzimba kunokunceda ekwenzeni ukuphefumla kube lula. |
| Unyango lweoksijini | Ukuba isifo sinzima, kunikwa ioksijini yangaphandle ukuze umzimba ufumane umlinganiselo ofunekayo weoksijini. |
| Ukufakelwa imiphunga | Ukuba isifo siba sibi kakhulu kwaye imiphunga iyeka ukusebenza ngokupheleleyo, ukufakelwa imiphunga kusenokuba lolona khetho lokugqibela. |
Ungazikhusela njani kwesi sifo?
Umonakalo owenzeka emiphungeni kwi-HP engapheliyo awunakuguqulwa, ngoko ke eyona nto ingcono onokuyenza kukuhlala kude kakhulu nezinto ezibangela i-allergens.
- Ukuba wenza umsebenzi onobungozi (umz. ukulima, ukusebenza ngomthi, ukusebenza neentaka), qiniseka ukuba unxiba izixhobo zokuzikhusela (PPE) .
- Soloko ugcina izinto zokufumisa umoya kunye neenkqubo ze-AC ekhayeni lakho zicocekile kwaye zikwimeko entle.
- Kuphephe ukusebenzisa imiqamelo, oomatrasi, kunye neengubo zokulala ezenziwe ngeentsiba.
- Ukuba unezilwanyana zasekhaya, ingakumbi iintaka, gcina iikheyiji zazo zicocekile. Nxiba imaski xa ucoca.
Ukuba sele ufunyenwe une-HP, thetha nogqirha wakho kwaye wenze isicwangciso sokuthintela umonakalo ongakumbi kwimiphunga yakho. Sela amayeza akho ngexesha. Buza ngemithambo yokuphefumla onokuyenza ekhaya.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis (HP) ayisiyonto ixhaphakileyo yokunganyamezelani. Inokubangela umonakalo ongunaphakade kwimiphunga yakho.
- Eyona sizathu siphambili soku kukuphefumla izinto ezifana nokungunda, iintsholongwane, kunye neekhemikhali ezivela kwindawo osebenza kuyo okanye ekhaya.
- Ukuba uneempawu ezifana nokukhohlela okungapheliyo, ubunzima bokuphefumla, okanye ukudinwa, musa ukuzibetha ngoyaba kwaye ubone ugqirha ngoko nangoko .
- Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yonyango lwesi sifo kukuphepha ngokupheleleyo unobangela wesifo. Kunzima ukufumana unyango olupheleleyo ngamayeza kuphela.
- Ukuba isifo sifunyenwe kwangethuba, singalawulwa ngaphambi kokuba kwenzeke umonakalo omkhulu emiphungeni.
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