Ngaba ubukhe waziva udiniwe okwethutyana, ukhwehlela kwaye unempumlo egobhozayo? Mhlawumbi ukhe waphawula namaqhuma amancinci eluswini lwakho. Uninzi lwezi mpawu zingabonakaliyo zinokubangelwa yimeko osenokungayicingi nokuyicinga, ebizwa ngokuba yi-'Sarcoidosis.' Nangona igama lisenokuvakala lisoyikisa kancinci, masithethe ngokulula nangokucacileyo malunga nokuba yintoni kanye kanye, kutheni isenzeka, kunye nento onokuyenza ngayo.
Yintoni iSarcoidosis ngokulula?
Kulungile, masiqonde oku ngolu hlobo. Umzimba wethu unenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela. Ifana nomkhosi wokhuselo ngaphakathi emzimbeni wethu. Umsebenzi walo mkhosi kukusikhusela kwiintshaba ezifana neentsholongwane , iibhaktheriya kunye neentsholongwane ezivela ngaphandle.
Okwenzekayo kwi-sarcoidosis kukuba inkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela komzimba iba namandla ngakumbi kunokuba kufanele ukuba ibe njalo. Oko kukuthi, nokuba akukho tshaba lokwenyani, iiseli zenkqubo yokuzikhusela komzimba (ingakumbi iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi ) ziyaqokelelana kwaye zenze iinkampu ezincinci kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo emzimbeni. Ezi nkampu zincinci zezo sizibiza ngokuba ziiqhuma okanye iigranulomas ngokwezonyango.
Ezi ziqhuma (iigranuloma) zinokwakheka naphi na emzimbeni. Nangona kunjalo, zibonakala kakhulu kwimiphunga nakwii -lymph nodes . Zinokwakheka nakwisikhumba, emehlweni, entliziyweni , nasengqondweni.
Into ebalulekileyo kukuba, le granuloma ayiloqoqo lweeseli zomhlaza . Lo asingomhlaza. Lo ngumsebenzi nje ogqithisileyo wenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela.
Ngamanye amaxesha la maqhuqhuva awabangeli zimpawu. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha, kuxhomekeke kwindawo akhiwe kuyo kunye nobukhulu bawo, anokubangela iimpawu ezahlukeneyo. Kwimeko embi kakhulu, amaqhuqhuva ahlala ehleli anokwakheka ngokuhamba kwexesha kwiindawo apho la maqhuqhuva ayekhona. Oku sikubiza ngokuba yi-fibrosis . Kanye njengokuba iqhuqhuva lihlala emva kokuba inxeba lipholile. Ukuba oku kwenzeka emiphungeni, kunokuba nemiphumo yexesha elide kwinkqubo yokuphefumla.
Ngubani ochaphazeleka kakhulu yile meko?
I-Sarcoidosis yimeko enokuchaphazela nabani na. Nangona kunjalo, kukho izinto ezithile ezinokubangela ukuba ube nayo:
- Ubudala:Esi sifo sixhaphake kakhulu kubantu abaphakathi kweminyaka engama-25 ukuya kwengama-40 ubudala.
- Isini: Abafazi banamathuba amaninzi okuba nayo kunamadoda.
- Imbali yosapho: Esi asisosifo esizuzwa ngqo njengelifa. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba umntu kusapho lwakho olusondeleyo (umama, utata, umnakwenu okanye udadewenu) unesi sifo, umngcipheko wakho wokuba naso uphezulu kancinci kunomntu oqhelekileyo.
Esi sisifo esingaqhelekanga. Ngoko ke akukho mfuneko yokuba ukhathazeke kakhulu ngaso, kodwa kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele.
Ziziphi iimpawu zeSarcoidosis?
Kulapho abantu abaninzi badideka khona. Kuba iimpawu ze-sarcoidosis zahlukile kakhulu. Iimpawu ziyahluka ngokupheleleyo ngokuxhomekeke ekubeni zivela phi iiqhuma (iigranulomas). Abanye abantu basenokungabi nazo kwaphela iimpawu, kwaye banokufunyanwa ngengozi ngexesha le-X-ray ngenxa yesinye isizathu.
Makhe sibone ukuba zeziphi iimpawu eziphambili.
| Inxalenye yomzimba echaphazelekayo | Iimpawu ezinokubonwa |
|---|---|
| Iimpawu eziBanzi | |
| Umzimba wonke |
|
| Xa imiphunga ichaphazeleka (Iimpawu zeMiphunga) | |
| Inkqubo yokuphefumla |
|
| Xa ichaphazela ulusu (Iimpawu zolusu) | |
| Ulusu |
|
| Xa amehlo echaphazelekile (Iimpawu Zamehlo) | |
| Amehlo |
|
| Xa intliziyo ichaphazelekile (Iimpawu zentliziyo) | |
| Intliziyo |
|
| Xa inkqubo yemithambo-luvo ichaphazeleka (Iimpawu zeNkqubo yeNervous) | |
| Ingqondo kunye nemithambo-luvo |
|
Ingaba iSarcoidosis yemiphunga yahlulwe yangamanqanaba?
Ewe, iSarcoidosis (iPulmonary Sarcoidosis), imeko echaphazela imiphunga, yahlulwe yangamanqanaba aliqela ngokusekwe kwindlela imiphunga ebonakala ngayo kwi-X-ray yesifuba. Kodwa ayilonqanaba elihamba ukusuka kwelinye inqanaba ukuya kwelinye njengomhlaza. Ibhekisa kuphela kwindawo yamaqhuqhuva (iigranulomas). Umntu unokusuka kwelinye inqanaba aye kwelinye, abuyele kwinqanaba elidala, okanye amaqhuqhuva anokuphela ngokupheleleyo.
- Inqanaba 0: Akukho tshintsho lubonwayo kwi-X-ray. Imiphunga kunye nee-lymph nodes ziqhelekile.
- Inqanaba loku-1: Iithumba zikwiindawo ze-lymph esifubeni kuphela.
- Inqanaba lesi-2: Amaqhuqhuva anokubonakala kuzo zombini ii-lymph nodes esifubeni nasemiphungeni.
- Inqanaba lesi-3: Iithumba zifumaneka emiphungeni kuphela. Azikho kwi-lymph nodes.
- Inqanaba lesi-4: Kuye kwenzeka amanxeba angapheliyo emiphungeni (pulmonary fibrosis). Eli nqanaba kunzima ukulibuyisela umva.
Kutheni iSarcoidosis ikhula? Yintoni unobangela?
Oogqirha abakaqiniseki ukuba yintoni kanye kanye ebangela oku, kodwa ingcamango eyamkelekileyo ngoku kukuba xa abantu abanemfuza ethambekele ekubeni bachaphazeleke yinto ethile kwindawo abakuyo (njengebhaktheriya, intsholongwane, okanye isuntswana lothuli), inkqubo yabo yokuzikhusela yomzimba isabela ngokugqithisileyo .
Ngamafutshane, kukholelwa ukuba ibangelwa kukudibana kwezinto zemfuza kunye nezinto ezisingqongileyo. Nangona sisifo esichaphazela inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela, asichazwa njengesifo 'esikhuselayo'.
Ifunyanwa njani iSarcoidosis?
Ukuchonga i-sarcoidosis kunokuba nzima kancinci, njengoko iimpawu esizikhankanyileyo apha ngasentla zinokubonakala nakwezinye izifo ezininzi. Ke ngoko, ugqirha wakho uya kuzisusa ezinye iimeko ngaphambi kokuba agqibe kwelokuba i-sarcoidosis inokwenzeka.
Kusetyenziswa iimvavanyo ezininzi koku:
- Uvavanyo lomzimba: Ugqirha uza kumamela ngononophelo iimpawu zakho aze ahlole izinto ezifana nolusu lwakho, amehlo, kunye nee-lymph nodes.
- Uvavanyo lokufota: Into yokuqala oza kuyenza yi -X-ray yesifuba . Ingajonga imeko yemiphunga yakho kunye nee-lymph nodes. Ukongeza, kunokufuneka i-CT scan okanye i-MRI scan .
- I-Biopsy: Le yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuqinisekisa isifo nge-100%. Iqhekeza elincinci kakhulu lesicwili lithathwa kwindawo ekrokrelwayo (umz. ulusu, i-lymph node) lize lihlolwe phantsi kwe-microscope.
- Uvavanyo lokusebenza kwephaphu: Olu vavanyo lulinganisa indlela esebenza kakuhle ngayo imiphunga.
- Uvavanyo lwegazi nomchamo:Izinto ezifana nokusebenza kwamalungu omzimba anjengesibindi nezintso kunye nenqanaba le-calcium egazini ziyajongwa.
- I-EKG (i-Electrocardiogram): Olu vavanyo lwenziwa ukuze kubonwe ukuba kukho na impembelelo entliziyweni.
- Uvavanyo lwe-TB: Ekubeni iimpawu ze-TB ngamanye amaxesha zifana nale, uvavanyo olulula lolusu lwenziwa ukuqinisekisa ukuba akunjalo.
Zithini iindlela zonyango zoku?
Iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba ayinguye wonke umntu one-sarcoidosis ofuna unyango. Malunga nesibini kwisithathu sabantu, imeko iya kuba ngcono ngokwayo kwiminyaka emibini ukuya kwemithathu, ngaphandle konyango.
Ukuqala okanye ukungaqali unyango kuxhomekeke kubukhali beempawu zakho kunye nendawo ezikuyo iithumba. Umzekelo, ukuba amehlo, intliziyo, okanye inkqubo yemithambo-luvo iyachaphazeleka, unyango luya kuqala ngokukhawuleza ukuze kumiswe umonakalo wamalungu omzimba.
Iinjongo eziphambili zonyango zezi:
1. Ukulawula iimpawu.
2. Ukunciphisa ukudumba emzimbeni.
3. Ukuthintela umonakalo osisigxina (i-fibrosis) kwizitho zomzimba.
Iindidi eziphambili zamayeza anikezelwayo ngenxa yoku zezi:
- IiCorticosteroids: Olu lolona hlobo lwamayeza lusetyenziswa kakhulu (umz., iPrednisone). Ezi zisebenza ngokucinezela inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela kwaye zinciphise ngokukhawuleza ukudumba emzimbeni. Ziza ngendlela yeepilisi, ii-inhalers, okanye iikhrimu ezisetyenziswa eluswini.
- Ii-immunosuppressants: Ukongeza kwi-corticosteroids okanye ukunciphisa umthamo wazo, kunikwa amanye amayeza alawula inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela (umz., iMethotrexate).
- Ii-anti-TNF-alpha antibodies: Ezi luhlobo lwamayeza afakwa ngemithambo yegazi (i-infusion) ajolise kwikhemikhali ethile kwinkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela.
- Ii-NSAID (iipilisi zokunciphisa iintlungu): Ezi zinokunikwa ukulawula iimpawu zexeshana ezifana neentlungu zamalungu.
Kubalulekile: Ukusetyenziswa ixesha elide kwamayeza afana ne-corticosteroids kunokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezifana nokutyeba, isifo seswekile, kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu. Ke ngoko, ugqirha wakho uya kuhlala ecinga ukuba izibonelelo zonyango zingaphezulu kweengozi. Ungaze uqale okanye uyeke ukuthatha la mayeza ngaphandle kwengcebiso kagqirha wakho.
Izinto ekufuneka uzazi xa uphila ne-sarcoidosis
Umntu ophila ne-sarcoidosis angenza izinto ezininzi ukulawula imeko yakhe.
- Landela imiyalelo kagqirha wakho: thatha amayeza akho njengoko uyalelwe, yiya kwiikliniki ngeentsuku ezicwangcisiweyo, kwaye wazise ugqirha wakho ukuba kukho naluphi na utshintsho kwiimpawu zakho.
- Indlela yokuphila esempilweni:Kubalulekile ukutya ukutya okunesondlo, ukuphephe ngokupheleleyo ukutshaya (ingakumbi ukuba kuye kwachaphazela imiphunga), kwaye uzilolonge ngokulinganisela njengoko ugqirha wakho eyalele.
- Ukutya: Olunye uphando lubonisa ukuba ukunciphisa ukutya okuneswekile, okunesitatshi kunye nokutya imifuno, iziqhamo, kunye nokutya okutyebileyo kwi-omega-3s (umz., iintlanzi ezincinci) kunokunceda ukunciphisa ukudumba. Nangona kunjalo, qiniseka ukuba uthetha nogqirha wakho ngaphambi kokuba wenze naluphi na utshintsho olukhulu kwindlela yokutya.
Uninzi lwabantu lunokuphila ubomi obuqhelekileyo nobonwabisayo ngenxa ye-sarcoidosis. Akufane kunciphise ixesha lokuphila (1%-5%). Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukungoyiki isifo, kodwa ukusiqonda ngokuchanekileyo kwaye usebenzisane nogqirha wakho ukuze uphuhlise isicwangciso solawulo esifanelekileyo esikusebenzelayo.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-Sarcoidosis yimeko apho inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela isabela ngokugqithisileyo ize ibangele ukuba kubekho amaqhuma avuvukileyo (iigranuloma) kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba.
- Esi asisosifo esosulelayo okanye umhlaza.
- Iimpawu zahlukile kakhulu, kuxhomekeke ekubeni amaqhuma akheka phi. Imiphunga ichaphazeleka kakhulu.
- Kwabaninzi abantu, oku kuya kuba ngcono ngokwako ngokuhamba kwexesha ngaphandle konyango. Abanye abantu bafuna unyango lokulawula iimpawu nokuthintela ukonakala kwamalungu omzimba.
- Ukuba unamathandabuzo malunga noku, okanye ukuba uneempawu ezingachazwanga, qiniseka ukuba ubona ugqirha ukuze akunike ingcebiso.
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