Ingaba umntwana wakho omncinci une-cholesterol ephezulu? (I-Cholesterol ephezulu yabantwana) Masithethe ngale nto!

Sonke sihlala sithetha nge-cholesterol kubantu abadala, oko kukuthi, inqanaba lamafutha egazini. Kodwa ubusazi na ukuba nabantwana abancinci banokuba nale ngxaki ye-cholesterol? Enyanisweni, ngamanye amaxesha inokuba yingozi kancinci. Ngoko ke, ungakhathazeki. Namhlanje, masithethe ngento ebangela ukuba i-cholesterol ephezulu kubantwana abancinci, okanye njengoko oogqirha beyibiza, `(Pediatric High Cholesterol)`, ukuba kutheni isenzeka, kunye nento esinokuyenza ngayo.

Ithetha ukuthini i-cholesterol ephezulu kubantwana abancinci?

Ngamafutshane, i-cholesterol ephezulu ebantwaneni ithetha ukuba ubungakanani be-cholesterol egazini lomntwana wakho buphezulu kunesiqhelo. Le cholesterol luhlobo lwamafutha egazini lethu olubizwa ngokuba yi-`(Lipids)`. Kukwakho nolunye uhlobo lwamafutha olubizwa ngokuba yi-`(Triglycerides)`, olunokuba phezulu nakwabanye abantwana. Enyanisweni, umzimba wethu uyawadinga amanye ala mafutha, kuba anceda kwimisebenzi eyahlukeneyo yomzimba. Nangona kunjalo, iingxaki ziyavela xa la mafutha esanda kakhulu.

Ngoku usenokuba uzibuza, "Ndingazi njani ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba umntwana wam une-cholesterol ephezulu okanye i-triglycerides ephezulu?" Oogqirha benza uvavanyo lwegazi loku. Lubizwa ngokuba yi-"Lipid Panel." Olu vavanyo lunokukuxelela ngqo ukuba la manqanaba amafutha angakanani. Khumbula, amanqanaba e-cholesterol aqhelekileyo kubantwana abancinci ahlukile kancinci kulawo akwabantu abadala.

Nantsi ingqwalasela yamanqanaba amafutha aqhelekileyo, aphakathi, nangaqhelekanga kubantwana abancinci.

(Apha, akuqhelekanga ukuba uhlobo oluhle lwe-cholesterol olubizwa ngokuba yi-HDL cholesterol luyehla.)

| Uhlobo lweLipid | I-mg/dL eqhelekileyo | I-mg/dL engaphantsi komgca | I-mg/dL engaqhelekanga |

| :- ...

| I-Cholesterol iyonke | < 170 | 170 - 199 | ≥ 200 |

| I-cholesterol ye-LDL ("i-cholesterol embi") | < 110 | 110 - 129 | ≥ 130 |

| I-cholesterol ye-HDL ("i-cholesterol elungileyo") | > 45 | 40 - 45 | < 40 |

| Iitriglycerides (iminyaka eyi-0-9) | < 75 | 75 - 99 | ≥ 100 |

| IiTriglycerides (iminyaka eli-10-19) | < 90 | 90 - 129 | ≥ 130 |

Kubalulekile: La maxabiso anokutshintsha kancinci ngokweminyaka, ngoko ke kungcono ukuthetha nogqirha wakho ukuze ufumane impendulo ngokuqinisekileyo.

Ziziphi iimpawu ze-cholesterol ephezulu kumntwana?

Amaxesha amaninzi, inqanaba eliphezulu le-cholesterol yomntwana alibonisi zimpawu zicacileyo . Le yeyona nto iyingozi kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba inqanaba le-cholesterol liphezulu kakhulu, ingakumbi ukuba kungenxa yezizathu zemfuza, umntwana unokufumana oku kulandelayo:

• Amaqhuma anencindi, anamafutha eluswini (i-Xanthoma)
• Ukwakheka okutyheli, okufana ne-blister kwi-eyelid okanye kufutshane nayo (i-Xanthelasma)
• Isangqa esimhlophe okanye esingwevu esijikeleze i-cornea (i-Corneal Arcus)

Ukuba ubona iimpawu ezinjalo, ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kufuneka ubone ugqirha ngokukhawuleza.

Kutheni i-cholesterol yomntwana inyuka?

Kukho izizathu ezahlukeneyo zokuba amanqanaba e-cholesterol kumntwana abe phezulu. Makhe sijonge ukuba zeziphi:

• Ukutya Neziselo: Iintlobo zokutya ezityiwa ngumntwana, ingakumbi ukutya okunamafutha nokunencasa.
• Ubungakanani bomsebenzi womzimba: Ubungakanani bomntwana obaleka, otsiba, odlalayo, noqheliselayo.
• Ezinye izifo: Iimeko ezifana nokutyeba kakhulu, isifo seswekile, kunye nesifo sezintso (Nephrotic Syndrome).
• Amayeza: Amanye amayeza anokubangela ukuba i-cholesterol inyuke.
• Impembelelo yemfuza: Imfuza ezizuzwe kubazali nazo zinokuba sisizathu esiphambili soku.

Amaxesha amaninzi, abantwana abane-cholesterol ephezulu banembali ye-cholesterol ephezulu kumama okanye kutata wabo, okanye basenokuthatha amayeza okulawula i-cholesterol yabo.

I-cholesterol ephezulu ngenxa yezizathu zemfuza

Iijini zidlala indima enkulu kule ngxaki. Makhe sibone ukuba isebenza njani loo nto.

I-Hypercholesterolemia yoSapho (FH)

Le yimeko yemfuza. Okwenzekayo kukuba umntwana uzalwa enamanqanaba aphezulu e-cholesterol "embi" (LDL Cholesterol). Kwiimeko ezininzi, oku kuzuzwa njengelifa ukuba mnye kuphela umzali one-gene.

Ugqirha unokurhanela ukuba umntwana unenqanaba le-LDL elingachazwanga eliyi-160 mg/dL okanye ngaphezulu. Inqanaba le-LDL eliyi-130 mg/dL okanye ngaphezulu kumntwana onabazali abane-FH nalo liyimbangela yokukhathazeka.

Izizathu ze-Polygenetic

Kukho ezinye izizathu zemfuza ngaphandle kwe-`(FH)`. Umntwana one-polygenic cause ye-cholesterol ephezulu kuthetha ukuba umntwana ufumana ii-genes ezininzi kubazali bobabini eziphakamisa amanqanaba e-`LDL`. Kwimeko enjalo, amanqanaba e-`LDL` asenokuba ayenyuka kancinci kancinci ngokuhamba kwexesha, kwaye asenokungabonakali de abe mncinci. Nangona ezi zinto zemfuza zinyusa umngcipheko wesifo sentliziyo, azibi nzima njenge-`(FH)`. Abantwana abane-`(FH)` badla ngokufuna ukuqala amayeza kwangethuba kunabantwana abane-polygenic causes.

I-Lipoprotein (a)

`(Lipoprotein (a))` (ebizwa ngokuba yi "lipoprotein encinci A") luhlobo olukhethekileyo lwe-cholesterol olunokufunyanwa kubazali ukuya ebantwaneni. Abantu abanamanqanaba aphezulu e-`(Lipoprotein (a))` basengozini enkulu yokufumana isifo semithambo yegazi yentliziyo. Inganegalelo nakwimeko yokunqongophala kwesifo sohlangothi ebantwaneni.

Ukuba umntwana wakho unenye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi zinto zilandelayo ezibangela umngcipheko, ugqirha unokuyalela uvavanyo lwegazi ukujonga amanqanaba akhe `(Lipoprotein (a))`:

• Ukuxilongwa ``I-Familial Hypercholesterolemia``.
• Ngaphambili ndandinesifo sohlangothi esingaziwayo.
• Ukuba namanqanaba aphezulu e-`(Lipoprotein (a))` kumama okanye kutata.
• Ukuba nomntakwabo okanye umzali oye waba nesifo sentliziyo esemncinci.

Kutheni amanqanaba e-triglyceride kumntwana enyuka?

Izizathu eziphambili zamanqanaba aphezulu e-triglyceride ebantwaneni zezi:

• Ukutyeba kakhulu
• Isifo seswekile
• Amanye amayeza

Ii-triglycerides eziphezulu nazo zinokuba nezizathu zemfuza, kodwa azixhaphakanga njenge-FH. Ukuba uvavanyo lwegazi lomntwana oluzila ukutya (oluzila ukutya iiyure ezili-12) lubonisa ii-triglycerides ezingama-500 mg/dL okanye ngaphezulu ngaphandle kwesizathu esinye, oogqirha banokukrokrela ukuba kukho unobangela wemfuza.

Ziziphi iingxaki ezinokubakho ngenxa ye-cholesterol ephezulu ebantwaneni?

Abantwana abane-cholesterol ephezulu (i-cholesterol ye-LDL) banokuba neengxaki zempilo njengoko bekhula. Ezi zibangelwa ikakhulu kukugcwala kwamafutha (i-atheroma) ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi, okunokuthintela ukuhamba kwegazi. Oku kunokunciphisa ukuhamba kwegazi ukuya entliziyweni, engqondweni, okanye emilenzeni. Usenokuba ukhe weva ngezi meko:

• Ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo
• Istroke
• Isifo semithambo yegazi ejikeleze imithambo yegazi

Khawucinge nje, ukuba ezi ngxaki zilawulwa usemncinci, kuya kukunceda kangakanani ukuphepha izifo ezinzulu kangaka xa ukhula!

Ziziphi iingxaki ezinokubakho ngenxa yokwanda kwe-triglycerides ebantwaneni?

Ukuba inqanaba le-`(Triglycerides)` liphezulu kakhulu, umntwana unokuba ne-`(Pancreatitis).` Ukuba inqanaba le-`(Triglycerides)` liphezulu ixesha elide, linokuba negalelo ekubekweni kwamafutha kwimithambo yegazi ukuya kwinqanaba elithile. Nangona kunjalo, ayinayo impembelelo enkulu njenge-`(LDL)` cholesterol.

Oogqirha bafumanisa njani ukuba abantwana bane-cholesterol ephezulu?

Abantwana abakwiminyaka yesikolo banokuhlolwa amanqanaba abo e-cholesterol ngovavanyo olulula lwegazi. Kwezinye iimeko, kunokufuneka uzile ukutya ubuncinane iiyure ezili-12 ngaphambi kovavanyo lwegazi. Buza ugqirha wakho ukuba oku kuyimfuneko na.

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukwenza olu vavanyo ukuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho onesifo sentliziyo, okanye ukuba abazali banamaqondo aphezulu e-cholesterol. Iziphumo zovavanyo lwegazi zinokubonisa ukuba i-cholesterol okanye i-triglycerides yomntwana iphezulu na.

Indlela yokunyanga i-cholesterol ephezulu ebantwaneni?

Inyathelo lokuqala lokulawula i-cholesterol ephezulu kukwenza utshintsho kwindlela umntwana wakho atya ngayo kunye nokwandisa inani lomsebenzi womzimba awenzayo.Ugqirha wakho uza kukucebisa ngale nto. Ukuba olu tshintsho lodwa aluwehlisi amanqanaba e-cholesterol yomntwana wakho ukuya kwinqanaba elikhuselekileyo, ugqirha unokucebisa amayeza (kubantwana abangaphezu kweminyaka esi-8 ubudala).

Ngaba umntwana wam uyayidinga imithi?

Kusenokuba yimfuneko. Oogqirha bacebisa amayeza asekelwe kwiingcebiso zeengcali ezivela kwimibutho efana neNational Heart, Lung and Blood Institute kunye neAmerican Heart Association. Nazi ezinye zeemeko apho ugqirha anokunika umntwana wakho amayeza:

• Ukuba inqanaba le-LDL lingaphezulu kwe-190 mg/dL:
• Ukuba umntwana akanazo ezinye izinto ezinokubangela isifo sentliziyo.
• Ukuba inqanaba lakho le-LDL liyi-160 mg/dL okanye ngaphezulu, kwaye unayo nayiphi na kwezi zilandelayo:
• Umntwana unezinto ezibangela umngcipheko wesifo sentliziyo.
• Omnye wabazali waba nesifo sentliziyo esemncinci, okanye kukho amafutha amaninzi kwimithambo yentliziyo (i-coronary artery plaque).
• Ukuba amanqanaba akho e-cholesterol akakafikeleli kwinqanaba elijoliswe kulo emva kweenyanga ezintandathu zokwenza utshintsho kwindlela otya ngayo kunye nokuzilolonga.
• Ukuba inqanaba lakho le-LDL lingaphezulu kwe-130 mg/dL, unayo nayiphi na kwezi zilandelayo:
• Omnye wabazali ufunyaniswe ene-`(FH)`.
• Umntwana unezinto ezibangela umngcipheko wesifo sentliziyo ezifana nokutyeba kakhulu, uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, ukutshaya (umntwana okanye abantu abamngqongileyo), amanqanaba aphantsi e-HDL, imbali yeSifo sikaKawasaki, isifo sezintso, ukufakelwa amalungu omzimba, iJuvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis, iLupus, okanye i-HIV.
• Ukuba inqanaba lakho le-LDL lingaphezulu kwe-100 mg/dL, unayo nayiphi na kwezi zilandelayo:
• Umntwana unesifo seswekile sohlobo lokuqala okanye lwesibini.
• Umntwana unesifo iKawasaki Disease, esibangela i-coronary artery aneurysms.

Ngawaphi amayeza anikwa abantwana ngenxa ye-cholesterol?

Iistatins zezona zikhethwa kuqala ebantwaneni abanamanqanaba aphezulu e-LDL. Umzekelo:

• I-Atorvastatin (Lipitor®)
• I-Rosuvastatin (Crestor®)
• I-Simvastatin (Zocor®)

Nantsi indlela amayeza e-statin anciphisa ngayo amanqanaba e-LDL yomntwana:

• Ithintela isibindi ekuveliseni i-cholesterol.
• Isusa i-cholesterol engaphezulu egazini kwaye inceda umzimba ukuba uyisebenzise ngokufanelekileyo.

I-Ezetimibe liyeza lodidi lwesibini elinciphisa amanqanaba e-LDL. Lisebenza ngokuthintela ukufunxwa kwe-cholesterol emathunjini iye egazini.

Unyango lwe-Lipoprotein ephezulu (a)

Utshintsho kwindlela yokuphila alunampembelelo ingako kumanqanaba e-`(Lipoprotein (a))` njengamanqanaba e-`(LDL)`. Okwangoku, akukho mayeza athile okunyanga amanqanaba aphezulu e-`(Lipoprotein (a))`. Nangona kunjalo, uvavanyo lwamayeza luyaqhubeka. Ukuba amanqanaba e-`(Lipoprotein (a)` omntwana wakho aphezulu, ugqirha unokucebisa ukuba agxile ekunciphiseni ezinye izinto ezinobungozi zesifo semithambo yegazi yentliziyo. Ezi ziquka:

• Ukutya ukutya okunempilo kwentliziyo.
• Ukuzilolonga ngokwaneleyo.
• Ukunyanga amanye amanqanaba e-cholesterol ngamayeza.
• Kuphephe ukutshaya.

Ukunyanga ama-triglycerides aphezulu

Ugqirha womntwana wakho unokucebisa izinto ezifana nezi:

• Ukwenza utshintsho kwindlela umntwana wakho atya ngayo nakwindlela azilolonga ngayo.
• Izongezo zeoyile yentlanzi (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-4000 mg ngosuku).
• Amanye amayeza (kwiimeko ezikhethekileyo apho amanqanaba e-triglyceride ebantwaneni ephezulu kakhulu).

Ngaba i-cholesterol ephezulu ebantwaneni inokuthi ibuyiselwe?

Ewe, ingakwazi! Unyango lunokunceda ukwehlisa amanqanaba e-cholesterol yomntwana wakho ukuya kwinqanaba elikhuselekileyo. Oku kunokunciphisa nomngcipheko weengxaki ezinkulu kwixesha elizayo. Ugqirha wakho unokukunceda ufumane ukuba zeziphi kanye kanye amanqanaba e-cholesterol ekujoliswe kuwo umntwana wakho kunye nendlela yokufika apho.

Ndingamnceda njani umntwana wam ukuba anciphise i-cholesterol?

Unganceda ukunciphisa amanqanaba e-cholesterol yomntwana wakho ngokumkhuthaza ukuba:

• Yondla ukutya okunamafutha aphantsi. Amafutha afanele enze i-30% okanye ngaphantsi kweekhalori zemihla ngemihla zomntwana wakho. Ingcali yokutya ingakunceda ubale esi sixa kwaye wenze izicwangciso zokutya.
• Ziphephe ii-trans fats kwaye unciphise ii-saturated fats. Ii-saturated fats ngamafutha ahlala eqinileyo kubushushu begumbi, njengee-oyile zezilwanyana, ioyile yekhokhonathi, kunye neoyile yesundu. Ii-saturated fats kufuneka zibe ngaphantsi kwe-10% yeekhalori zakho zemihla ngemihla. Endaweni yoko, khetha ii-unsaturated fats, njengeoyile yomnquma, ioyile ye-avokhado, kunye neoyile ye-flaxseed.
• Nciphisa ukutya i-cholesterol. Abantwana kufuneka batye ngaphantsi kwe-300 mg ye-cholesterol ngosuku.
• Ziphephe iimveliso zobisi ezinamafutha apheleleyo. Nika ubisi olunamafutha angama-2% kubantwana abaphakathi kweenyanga ezili-12 ukuya kwezingama-24. Nika ubisi olungenamafutha kubantwana abangaphezu kweminyaka emi-2 ubudala.
• Nika umntwana wakho ukutya okunefayibha eyaneleyo. Khuthaza umntwana wakho ukuba atye ukutya okunefayibha eninzi, njengemifuno, iziqhamo, amandongomane, iimbotyi kunye neenkozo ezipheleleyo.
• Khuthaza ukwenza umthambo rhoqo. Imisebenzi ye-aerobic efana nokukhwela ibhayisekile, ukubaleka, ukuhamba, kunye nokudada inokunceda ukonyusa amanqanaba e-cholesterol ye-HDL ("elungileyo") kwaye inciphise umngcipheko wesifo sentliziyo.
• Nceda umntwana wakho ahlale enobunzima obusempilweni.Ungafumanisa ukuba lo mgangatho wobunzima ungakanani kugqirha wakho.

Zeziphi ukutya ezilungileyo ukondla umntwana wam?

Khetha iintlobo ngeentlobo zokutya ukuqinisekisa ukuba umntwana wakho ufumana zonke izondlo azidingayo. Nazi ezinye zokutya okunesondlo ezinokunceda ukulawula amanqanaba e-cholesterol:

Ngesidlo sakusasa:

• Isiqhamo
• Ingqolowa epheleleyo
• I-oatmeal
• Iyogathi yamaGrike

Kwisidlo sasemini nesangokuhlwa:

Zalisa ipleyiti yomntwana wakho ngemodeli ye-USDA MyPlate:

• Iiproteni ezingenamafutha ezifana nenkukhu, intlanzi, iimbotyi (1/4 yepleyiti)
• Iinkozo ezipheleleyo (isiqingatha sesitya)
• Iziqhamo nemifuno (isiqingatha sepleyiti)
• Ukutya kwemveliso yobisi enamafutha aphantsi

Iindlela zokupheka ezisempilweni ziquka ukubhaka, ukugrila, kunye nokuqhotsa ngomoya. Kuphephe ukuqhotsa nzulu.

Izidlo zokutya:

• Isiqhamo
• Imifuno
• Iintlobo zamandongomane nembewu
• Iicrackers zengqolowa epheleleyo
• Iimveliso zobisi ezinamafutha aphantsi

Iziselo:

Khetha amanzi kunye nobisi olunamafutha aphantsi. Ziphephe iisoda, ubisi oluneswekile, iziselo zeziqhamo, kunye neziselo zemidlalo.

Ndifanele ndimse nini umntwana wam kugqirha?

Ugqirha wakho uza kukuxelela ukuba kufuneka umzise kangaphi umntwana wakho kugqirha. Amanqanaba e-cholesterol yomntwana wakho nawo kuya kufuneka ajongwe rhoqo. Kufuneka uhlolwe namanqanaba e-cholesterol yomntwana wakho kwiinyanga ezintandathu emva kokwenza naluphi na utshintsho kwindlela yokutya okanye kwiinyanga ezimbini emva kokuqalisa naluphi na unyango olutsha.

Okokugqibela, into ekufuneka iqwalaselwe.

Ngenxa yokuba siqhele ukuva nge-cholesterol kubantu abadala, kulula ukulibala ukuba nabantwana abancinci banokuba nale ngxaki - ide yenzeke nakumntwana wethu. Kwaye ke kunzima ukuyeka ukucinga ngayo. Ungakhathazeki, oogqirha bomntwana wakho bayayiqonda inkxalabo yakho, kwaye balapha ukunceda usapho lwakho lonke. Buza imibuzo yakho, funda kangangoko unako. Sebenzisana ukudala indlela yokuphila enempilo yentliziyo.

Ngokunyanga i-cholesterol esemncinci, unokunika umntwana wakho ithuba elihle lokuba nekamva elisempilweni.

I - cholesterol yabantwana, i-cholesterol ephezulu, i-cholesterol ephezulu yabantwana, isifo sentliziyo, ukutya okunempilo, indlela yokuphila, i-lipid panel