Ingaba umbono wakho awubonakali kakuhle phakathi? Lo usenokuba ngumngxuma we-macular!

Ngaba wakha wazibuza ukuba kuya kwenzeka ntoni ukuba umngxuma omncinci uvela ngaphakathi kweliso, kanye apho sibona khona ngokucacileyo? Yiloo meko siza kuthetha ngayo namhlanje, ebizwa ngokuba yi-macular hole . Nangona eli ligama eloyikisayo ukuliva, wakuba wazi ngakumbi ngalo, izinto ezininzi ziya kucaca kuwe. Makhe sibone ukuba yintoni, kutheni isenzeka, indlela yokuyiqonda, kunye nonyango.

Yintoni kanye kanye i-macular hole?

Ngamafutshane, umngxuma we-macular ngumngxuma okwindawo ephakathi yokubona (i-Macula) yeliso lakho. Cinga ngeliso lakho njengekhamera. I -retina ifana nefilimu ekwikhamera, apho ukukhanya kubanjwa khona. Embindini we-retina, apho sigxila khona kwinto ethile, kukho inxalenye encinci, ebaluleke kakhulu. Yiyo loo nto i-macula iyiyo. Xa sifunda incwadi, sibukele iTV, okanye sijonga ubuso bomntu, kusinceda sibone izinto ngokucacileyo.

Ngoko ke, xa kuvela umngxuma kule (Macula), umbono wakho ophakathi , oyindlela obona ngayo izinto ngqo phambili, uyachaphazeleka kakhulu. Oku kunokuphazamisana nezinto ezifana nokuqhuba imoto nokufunda iincwadi. Uninzi lwexesha, oku kwenzeka kwiliso elinye, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha kukho ithuba elincinci lokuba oku kungenzeka kuwo omabini amehlo.

Ngaphakathi kweliso kukho into efana nejeli ebizwa ngokuba yi-vitreous humor . Ngamanye amaxesha, xa le jeli itshintsha uhlobo lwayo, kwaye njengoko ifinyela, inokutsala i-macula, yenze umngxuma onje.

Ixhaphake kangakanani le meko?

Ngoku usenokuba ucinga, 'Owu, ngaba oku kuyenzeka kubantu abaninzi?' Enyanisweni, uphando olwenziwe eMelika luthi malunga namatyala amatsha ayi-7-8 e-macular hole ayenzeka kubantu abayi-100,000 ngonyaka. Kuqheleke kakhulu kwabasetyhini . Kwakhona, nangona kuqheleke kakhulu kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-55 ubudala, kunokwenzeka nakubani na.

Ngaba kukho iintlobo zeembobo ze-macular?

Ewe, kukho iintlobo ezimbini kuphela.

1. I-Primary (Macular Hole): Oku kwenzeka ngokuzenzekelayo, ngaphandle kwengozi kwiliso okanye nakwesiphi na esinye isifo.

2. I-Secondary (Macular Hole): Oku kwenzeka ngenxa yokwenzakala kweliso okanye enye imeko yezonyango efana nokudumba ngaphakathi kweliso (( Uveitis )).

Kukho ezinye iindlela iingcali zamehlo ezihlela ngazo imingxunya ye-macular, ebizwa ngokuba ziinkqubo zokucwangcisa.Inkqubo enye inamanqanaba amane, inqanaba lokuqala lilelona lincinci kakhulu, kwaye inqanaba lesine lilelona linzima kakhulu. Inkqubo entsha inamanqanaba amathathu, amiselwa ziziphumo zovavanyo. Ugqirha wakho wamehlo uza kukuxelela ukuba umngxuma wakho we-macular unzima kangakanani.

Zithini iimpawu zoku?

Iimpawu zokuqala zomngxuma we-macular zingabandakanya:

• Umbono ofipheleyo : Imeko apho ungakwazi ukubona kakuhle.
• Umbono ogqwethekileyo : Imigca ethe tye ingabonakala igobile kwaye ijikajika, njengokubona into ekwelinye icala leglasi yamanzi.
• Ubunzima bokufunda umbhalo omncinci.

Ekuhambeni kwexesha, uphawu oluphambili kukuvela kwebala elimnyama okanye elimnyama embindini weliso lakho .

Ukuba unayo nayiphi na kwezi mpawu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubona ugqirha wamehlo ngokukhawuleza .

Kutheni le nto (umngxuma we-macular) usenzeka? Zithini izizathu?

Kwabaninzi abantu, imingxunya ye-macular iyavela njengoko ikhula ngenxa yokutsalwa kwe-vitreous humor . Oku kuthetha ukuba ijeli engaphakathi kweliso iyancipha njengoko ikhula kwaye itsalwa kude ne-macula, eyona ndawo iphambili ye-retina.

Ngaphandle koko, ngamanye amaxesha ezi zinokwenzeka:

• Ngenxa yokwenzakala kweliso.
• Ngenxa yesinye isifo esichaphazela iliso. Umzekelo, abantu abanokuvuvukala ngaphakathi kweliso ((Uveitis)) okanye ukubona okukufutshane ((Myopia)) .

Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokufumana imingxunya ye-macular?

Kukho izinto ezininzi ezinokubangela le meko:

• Ukwaluphala : Unobangela oyintloko.
• Ukuba licala labasetyhini.
• Ukuba wayekhe wenzakala esweni ngaphambili.
• Ukuba nombono omfutshane (Myopia) .
• Ukuba ukhe watyandwa iliso ngaphambili okanye ukuba uneengxaki zamehlo ezibangelwa kukudumba .

Zeziphi iingxaki ezinokubakho ukuba azinyangwa?

Ukuba umngxuma we-macular awunyangwanga, iingxaki ezinje ngezi:

• Ukulahlekelwa ngumbono , ingakumbi umbono ophakathi.
• Umngxuma we-macular unokubangela ukuqhekeka kwe-retina .
• Umngxuma we-macular uya ukhula ngokukhula.

Uyixilonga njani le nto kanye kanye?

Xa ubona ugqirha wamehlo, uza kuqala akubuze ngembali yempilo yosapho lwakho kunye nazo naziphi na ezinye iimeko zempilo onokuba nazo. Kuya kufuneka ubaxelele nangawo nawaphi na amayeza owasebenzisayo (okwamayeza kagqirha nalawo athengiswa ngaphandle kwemvume kagqirha). Ugqirha uza kwenza uvavanyo lwamehlo olupheleleyo, oluya kuquka uvavanyo lwesibane esiqhekekileyo . Amehlo akho aya kwanda, kwaye amehlo akho aya kwanda, kwaye i-retina yakho iya kuhlolwa ngononophelo.

Zeziphi iimvavanyo ezenziwayo?

Ugqirha wakho wamehlo uhlala eyalela olunye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi mvavanyo ukuze ahlole i-retina yakho:

• I-Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT): Oku kukuvumela ukuba uthathe imifanekiso enqamlezileyo yangaphakathi kweliso uze ubone imeko ye-macula.
• I-Fundus Fluorescein Angiography: Oku kuquka ukufaka ulwelo olukhethekileyo emthanjeni osengalweni yakho nokuthatha imifanekiso yemithambo yegazi engaphakathi kweliso.
• I-Fundus Photography: Oku kuthatha imifanekiso ye-retina.

Zithini iindlela zonyango?

Unyango oluphambili noluqhelekileyo lwemingxunya ye-macular lutyando olubizwa ngokuba yi -vitrectomy . Kule meko, ugqirha wamehlo ususa into efana nejeli eliso lakho (i-vitreous humor). Kwangaxeshanye, naluphi na uhlobo lwezicubu ezigqithisileyo ezibangela uxinzelelo olungafanelekanga kwi-macula nazo zinokususwa.

Emva koko, ugqirha wakho uza kubeka iqamza legesi elicocekileyo ngaphakathi kweliso lakho. Oku kuya kubeka uxinzelelo kwindawo apho kukho umngxuma we-macular kwaye kuligcine apho de liphole. Kusenokufuneka ulale ngobuso usuku olunye ukuya kwiintsuku ezisixhenxe . Kulapho iqamza legesi liza kuhlala khona lize lincede umngxuma uvaleke.

Cinga nje ngokuba sibeka iplasta enxebeni, kwaye eli qamza legesi lilo elinceda umngxuma uphole.

Ngamanye amaxesha, ukuba umngxuma we-macular mncinane kakhulu, ugqirha wakho wamehlo unokucebisa ukuba ulinde okwethutyana endaweni yokuwunyanga. Oku kungenxa yokuba kwezinye iinqanaba zokuqala, umngxuma we-macular usenokuzivalela ngokwawo .

Ziziphi iingxaki ezinokwenzeka emva kotyando lwe-vitrectomy?

Kukho ithuba elincinci lokuba iingxaki ezinje ngezi zivele emva kokuhlinzwa kwe-vitrectomy:

• Ukuqhekeka kwe-retina.
• Usulelo.
• I-Glaucoma ( uxinzelelo oluphezulu emehlweni).
• Ukopha.
• Umngxuma we-macular ungavuleka kwakhona okanye ungavaleki.

Kwakhona, nabani na oye wenza utyando lwe-cataract usengozini yokufumana i-cataract.Kukwalindeleke ukuba kubekho amathuba aphezulu okukhula okanye ukuba mandundu kwe-cataracts.

Ndiza kuziva ngcono ngokukhawuleza kangakanani emva konyango?

Ukuba utyando lwe-vitrectomy, kuya kufuneka ugcine intloko yakho ijonge phantsi kangangeveki ukuze ugcine i-gas bubble isendaweni yayo. I-gas bubble idla ngokuhlala esweni lakho kangangeeveki ezintathu ukuya kwezisibhozo . Ngeli xesha, umbono wakho uya kuba mfiliba. Kungathatha iinyanga ezininzi ukuba umbono wakho uphucuke kwaye uzinze. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba nomonde.

Ngaba ikho indlela yokuthintela oku ukuba kungenzeki?

Akukho ndlela yokuthintela ngokupheleleyo ukwakheka komngxuma we-macular. Nangona kunjalo, kukho izinto onokuzenza ukunciphisa umngcipheko wakho:

• Ukusebenzisa izigqubuthelo zamehlo ezikhuselayo xa usebenza okanye udlala imidlalo yokuthintana.
• Ukufumana uhlolo lwamehlo rhoqo . Nangona oku kungenakukuthintela imingxunya ye-macular, kunokunceda ugqirha wakho ukuba ayifumane kwangethuba.
• Ukuba unesifo seswekile , lawula amanqanaba eswekile egazini lakho, kwaye ukuba unesifo segazi eliphezulu, nyamekela amehlo akho.

Yintoni onokuyilindela ukuba une-macular hole?

Utyando lwe-Vitrectomy lunempumelelo engaphezulu kwe-90% . Ukuba ukukrazuka kuncinci kwaye kufunyenwe kwaye kunyangwa kwangethuba, utyando luphumelela ngakumbi. Usenokukwazi ukubuyisela uninzi okanye inxalenye yokubona kwakho okulahlekileyo.

Ndingabuyela nini emsebenzini/esikolweni?

Kuya kufuneka uthathe ikhefu emsebenzini okanye esikolweni. Eli xesha linokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lomsebenzi owenzayo. Buza ugqirha wakho ukuba yintoni omele uyenze nengamele uyenze emva kotyando.

Mhlawumbi awuyi kukwazi ukuqhuba iiveki ezintandathu ukuya kwezisibhozo , kwaye awuyi kukwazi nokubhabha ngelo xesha . Oku kungenxa yokuba kuthatha ixesha elide emzimbeni wakho ukufunxa igesi. Utshintsho kuxinzelelo lomoya lunokubangela ukuba iqamza elingaphakathi kweliso likhule, kwaye uxinzelelo elisesweni lunokuba yingozi. Ngoko ke, ziphephe naziphi na izinto ezibangela utshintsho kuxinzelelo lomoya ngeli xesha.

Ufanele uye nini kugqirha?

Kubalulekile ukuba wonke umntu ahlolwe amehlo rhoqo. Ukongeza, ukuba ubona naluphi na utshintsho ekuboneni kwakho, bonana nogqirha wamehlo ngokukhawuleza . Ukuba ufumana iintlungu eziqatha okanye ulahlekelwe yimbono ngequbuliso, yiya kwigumbi likaxakeka esibhedlele ngokukhawuleza.

Yeyiphi imibuzo ebalulekileyo ekufuneka uyibuze ugqirha?

Ukuba une-macular hole, ungabuza ugqirha wakho le mibuzo:

• Luhlobo luni lonyango olucetyiswayo?
• Zithini iziphumo okanye iingxaki ezinxulumene nolu nyango?
• Ingaba le (imbobo ye-macular) ingaphinda ivele?
• Ndingenza ntoni ukuze ndikhusele amehlo am?
• Ngaba ndiza kukwazi ukuqhuba kwakhona?

Amehlo abuthathaka kakhulu kwaye abaluleke kakhulu. Kuqhelekile ukuba nexhala xa ufumanisa ukuba unesifo samehlo esifana nomngxuma we-macular. Nangona kunjalo, utyando loku ludla ngokuba yimpumelelo. Iziphumo ziba ngcono nangakumbi ukuba umngxuma mtsha kwaye mncinane. Yiyo loo nto kubalulekile ukubona ugqirha wamehlo rhoqo.

Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule

Kulungile, ndiyathemba ukuba unembono entle malunga nemingxuma ye-macular kwinto esiyithethileyo.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukubona ugqirha wamehlo ngokukhawuleza ukuba ubona naluphi na utshintsho embonweni wakho, ingakumbi umbono ophakathi ongaqondakaliyo okanye imigca ethe tye ebonakala igobile.

Ukuba lufunyenwe kwangethuba, unyango lunokuba yimpumelelo. Luxanduva lwakho ukunyamekela amehlo akho. Ungakhathazeki, amayeza anamhlanje anonyango olufanelekileyo kwezi meko.