Ingaba nomntwana wakho ufumana uvavanyo lwe-ANA? (Uvavanyo lwe-ANA) Musa ukukhathazeka, masithethe ngale nto!

Xa ugqirha ekuxelela ukuba umntwana wakho omncinci kufuneka enziwe uvavanyo lwe-'(ANA)', umele ukuba waziva usoyika kancinci, akunjalo? "Luthini olu vavanyo? Kutheni kwenziwa oku? Ngaba kukho into engalunganga ngomntwana wam?" Kuqhelekile ukuba imibuzo efana nale ifike engqondweni. Yiyo loo nto sicinge ukuba singathetha ngolu vavanyo lwe-'(ANA)' ngendlela elula onokuyiqonda.

Yintoni le uvavanyo lwe-ANA?

Ngamafutshane, uvavanyo lwe-`(ANA)` luvavanyo olujonga ubukho bento ebizwa ngokuba yi -`Antinuclear Antibodies` egazini lomntwana wakho. Kulungile, ngoku mhlawumbi uyazibuza ukuba zeziphi ezi antinuclear antibodies.

Masiqale sithethe ngee -antibodies . Khawucinge ukuba kukho iqela lamajoni amancinci ngaphakathi emizimbeni yethu. La ngamajoni alwa neentsholongwane, ezifana neentsholongwane kunye neebhaktheriya, ezingena emizimbeni yethu zisikhusele kwizifo. La majoni siwabiza ngokuba zii-antibodies. La luhlobo lweproteni eveliswa ziiseli zethu ezimhlophe zegazi.

Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha inkqubo yethu yomzimba yokuzikhusela iyaphazama. Endaweni yokuhlasela abahlaseli bamanye amazwe, la ma-antibodies aqala ukuhlasela iiseli zethu eziphilileyo. Ngale ndlela, ama-antibodies ahlasela iiseli zethu ngempazamo abizwa ngokuba yi-autoantibodies .

Ngoku, ezi Antinuclear Antibodies zezinye zezo ntlobo zee-autoantibodies. Ezi zijolise ngokukodwa kwi-nucleus engaphakathi kwiiseli zethu. Uyazi, i-nucleus ifana neziko lolawulo lweseli. Iqulethe yonke imiyalelo yeseli, i-DNA. Ngoko ke, ukuba kukho ezaneleyo zezi Antinuclear Antibodies egazini, inkqubo yethu yomzimba inokuqala ukuhlasela imizimba yethu. Oku sikubiza ngokuba yi-Autoimmune Disease .

Kodwa nantsi into ebaluleke kakhulu ekufuneka uyikhumbule. ``(Uvavanyo lwe-ANA)`` oluthi ``(Lulungile)``, oluthetha ukuba i-ANA ikhona egazini, ayithethi ukuba kukho isifo sokuzikhusela komzimba. Malunga nama-30% abantu abaphilileyo banokuba nenqanaba elithile le-ANA egazini labo. Kwakhona, amanqanaba e-ANA anokunyuka ngexesha losulelo oluthile lwentsholongwane okanye xa kusetyenziswa amayeza athile.

Uvavanyo lwe-ANA lunceda ekufumaneni ntoni?

Oogqirha basebenzisa i-`(ANA Test)` kungekuphela nje ukuqinisekisa ukuba kukho isifo sokuzikhusela komzimba okanye akunjalo. Kodwa iziphumo zolu vavanyo zinokunceda ekufumaneni uhlobo lwesifo umntwana anokuba naso. Kukho izifo ezininzi zokuzikhusela komzimba ezinokubangela i-`(ANA Test)`. Makhe sijonge kafutshane ezinye zazo:

• I-Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE):Abantu abaninzi bayazi oku ngokuthi "iLupus." Esi sisifo sokuzikhusela komzimba esibangela ukudumba kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba, ezinje ngamalungu, ulusu, izintso, nentliziyo. Iimpawu ziquka umkhuhlane, ukudinwa, iintlungu zamalungu, kunye nezilonda ezibomvu, eziphakanyisiweyo zolusu (ingakumbi izilonda ezimile okwebhabhathane ebusweni).
• I-Scleroderma: Esi sisifo esingaqhelekanga. Kule meko, ulusu lomntwana kunye nezicubu zomzimba ziyaqina kancinci kancinci kwaye ziqine. Oku kunokuchaphazela kungekuphela nje ulusu, kodwa kunye namalungu angaphakathi afana nomgudu wokugaya ukutya, imiphunga, izintso kunye nentliziyo.
• I-Polymyositis: Esi sisifo esichaphazela izihlunu. Sibangela ukudumba kunye nobuthathaka kwimisipha. Sidla ngokuchaphazela izihlunu ezikufutshane nomzimba.
• I-Dermatyositis: Le meko ineempawu ezifanayo neze-polymyositis, kodwa ikwabangela iingxaki zesikhumba. Umzekelo, unokuba namaqhuqhuva eluswini, ukudumba, okanye amabala amfusa.
• Isifo seMixed Connective Tissue Disease (MCTD): Kule meko, iimpawu zazo zonke ezi zifo zintathu, i-lupus, i-scleroderma, kunye ne-polymyositis, zinokuvela kunye okanye enye emva kwenye ngokuhamba kwexesha.
• I-Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA): Olu luhlobo lwe-arthritis olukhula kubantwana abancinci. Ayichaphazeli nje kuphela amalungu omntwana, njengezandla, izihlathi, namadolo, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha ichaphazela namehlo, imiphunga, nentliziyo.
• Isifo sikaSjögren: Kule meko, amadlala avelisa umswakama emehlweni nasemlonyeni ayonakala. Oku kuthetha ukuba amehlo nomlomo womntwana womile. Oku kungenxa yokuba inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ihlasela la madlala.

Ngoku ungabona ukuba lubaluleke kangakanani na uvavanyo lwe-`(ANA Test)`. Nangona kunjalo, xa ugqirha enyanga isifo esifana ne-lupus, wenza olunye uvavanyo ukuze abone ukuba iyeza lisebenza kakuhle kangakanani na. Olu vavanyo lwe-`(ANA Test)` alwenziwa rhoqo ukujonga imeko yesifo.

Kutheni umntwana wethu edinga uvavanyo lwe-ANA?

Ngoku usenokuba uzibuza ukuba, zeziphi iimpawu ezinokwenza ugqirha acebise ukuba enze olu `(Uvavanyo lwe-ANA)`? Ukuba umntwana wakho ubonisa iimpawu zesifo sokuzikhusela komzimba, ugqirha wakho angacebisa ukuba enze olu vavanyo.

Zithini iimpawu zezi zifo zokuzikhusela komzimba?

Nangona ezi mpawu zingahluka, kukho ezinye eziqhelekileyo:

• Umkhuhlane oqhelekileyo.
• Irhashalala elibomvu elimile okwebhabhathane ebusweni.
• Ukuziva udiniwe kakhulu, uzive ungenabomi (Ukudinwa kakhulu).
• Ukuqina kwamalungu kunye nokudumba.
• Intlungu yemisipha.

Ukuba umntwana unenye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi mpawu, ugqirha angenza "uVavanyo lwe-ANA" ukuze aphande ngakumbi.

Uvavanyo lwe-ANA lwenziwa njani?

Kulungile, ngoku masibone ukuba olu `(Uvavanyo lwe-ANA)` lwenziwa njani. Oku kufana novavanyo lwegazi oluqhelekileyo. Kuthathwa isampulu yegazi lomntwana kwaye inani lee-antinuclear antibodies `(ANA)` ezikuyo liyalinganiswa.

Kukho indlela ekhethekileyo edla ngokusetyenziswa koku, ebizwa ngokuba yi-Indirect Immunofluorescence Assay (IFA) . Ngamanye amaxesha le ndlela ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-Fluorescent Antinuclear Antibody (FANA) test.

Nantsi into eyenzekayo kwindlela ye-IFA: Ingcali yezifo ithatha i-serum yomntwana (inxalenye engamanzi egazini) ize iyibeke kwislayidi yeglasi enokubukwa phantsi kwe-microscope. Emva koko, kongezwa uhlobo oluthile lwe-antibody ekhanyayo, okanye ekhanyayo, kuyo. Ezi antibodies ze-fluorescent, ukuba kukho i-ANA kwisampuli, ziya kunamathela kwezo seli. Emva koko, xa ingcali yezifo ijonga isilayidi phantsi kwe-microscope ekhethekileyo, iiseli ezine-ANA ziya kukhanya.

Ngaba kufuneka umlungiselele umntwana wakho ngaphambi kovavanyo?

Akukho lungiselelo likhethekileyo lifunekayo kolu `(Uvavanyo lwe-ANA)`. Umntwana angatya aze asele ngokuqhelekileyo ngomhla wovavanyo. Nangona kunjalo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba ukuba umntwana wakho usebenzisa nawaphi na amayeza, kufuneka uxelele ugqirha ngaloo nto . Kuba amanye amayeza anokubangela ukuba iziphumo ze-`(Uvavanyo lwe-ANA)` zibe `(Zilungile). Ukuba wena okanye umntwana wakho ninemibuzo malunga noku, buza ugqirha.

Kwenzeka ntoni ngexesha lovavanyo?

Oku kwenziwa ngendlela efanayo nokutsalwa kwegazi rhoqo. Ugqirha okanye umongikazi uya kufumana umthambo olungileyo engalweni yomntwana. Emva koko, banokubeka ibhendi encinci yelastiki ejikeleze ingalo, okanye banokucela umntwana ukuba acinezele ingalo yakhe. Emva koko, indawo apho igazi liza kutsalwa khona iyacocwa kwaye kufakwa inaliti encinci emthanjeni.

Umntwana usenokuva imvakalelo yokuhlaba kancinci xa inaliti ifakwa ize isuswe. Emva kokuba igazi liqokelelwe kwityhubhu yovavanyo okanye kwibhotile, ibhandishi iyasuswa kwaye inaliti isuswe. Usenokuva imvakalelo yokuhlaba kancinci apho igazi liqokelelwe khona.

Ungakhathazeki, yonke le nkqubo ithatha ngaphantsi kwemizuzu emihlanu.

Kwenzeka ntoni emva kovavanyo?

Emva kokuba igazi litsaliwe, ugqirha okanye umongikazi uza kubeka iqhekeza lomqhaphu okanye i-gauze phezu kwendawo etsalwe kuyo igazi aze afake uxinzelelo. Oku kunokunceda ekunciphiseni ukopha, ukudumba, kunye nokukrweleka. Emva koko kuya kufakwa ibhandishi ecocekileyo neyomileyo kwindawo leyo. Isampulu yegazi iya kuthunyelwa kwilabhoratri.

Ngaba kukho naziphi na iingozi ngolu vavanyo?

Akukho mngcipheko mkhulu obandakanyekayo kuvavanyo lwegazi. Umntwana wakho unokufumana ukungakhululeki okanye ukukrweleka apho igazi litsalwe khona. Nangona kunjalo, intlungu okanye ukukrweleka kuya kuphela ngokukhawuleza .

Ungayiqonda njani ingxelo yovavanyo lwe-ANA?

Kudla ngokuthatha iintsuku ezimbalwa ukuba ingxelo yovavanyo lwe-ANA ifike. Ngamanye amaxesha, ukuba ugqirha wenze nezinye iimvavanyo, uya kudibanisa iziphumo zazo zonke aze akuchazele zona.

Ingxelo yoVavanyo lwe-ANA ikhankanya izinto ezintathu ikakhulu: iToliko, ixabiso leTiter, kunye neFluorescent Pattern.

Amanqaku aphambili kwingxelo

Ingcaciso - Ingaba imbi okanye ilungile?

• I-Negative: Oku kuthetha ukuba i-ANA ayifumanekanga egazini lomntwana. Ukuba kunjalo, akunakwenzeka ukuba umntwana abe nesifo sokuzikhusela komzimba.
• I-Positive: Oku kuthetha ukuba i-ANA ifunyenwe egazini lomntwana. Ukuba kunjalo, kukho ithuba lokuba kukho isifo sokuzikhusela komzimba, kodwa kufuneka uvavanyo olongezelelekileyo ukuze kuqinisekiswe oko.

Yintoni ixabiso le-titer?

Eli xabiso le-``Titer`` likuxelela ukuba zingakanani ii-antibodies ezisegazini lomntwana. Oku kufumaneka ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: Ingcali yezifo iyawunciphisa ulwelo oluneproteni egazini lomntwana (iplasma) ngokongeza amanzi amancinci anetyuwa (amanzi anetyuwa). Njengokuba siwunciphisa isiselo esikwibhotile ye-cordial ngokongeza amanzi.

Okokuqala, kwenziwa umxube weenxalenye ezingama-40 zeplasma kunye nenxalenye e-1 yesaline (1:40). Lo mxube uphinda uxutywe (umz. 1:80, 1:160, 1:320). Isampulu nganye exutyiweyo ivavanywa i-ANA. Umxube wokugqibela obonisa i-ANA ``Positive`` urekhodwa njengexabiso le-``Titer``` kwingxelo. Umzekelo, ixabiso le-1:160 libonisa uxinzelelo lwe-ANA olungaphezulu kwe-1:80. Ixabiso le-1:40 okanye ngaphantsi ngokubanzi alithathwa njengelibalulekileyo.

Ithetha ukuthini ipateni ye-fluorescent?

Ukuba i-ANA ikhona, xa ijongwa nge-microscope, iiseli zibonisa ipateni, efana ne-speck. Le pateni inokunika umbono othile wesifo sokuzikhusela komzimba onokuba naso . Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeepateni:

• Ifanayo: I-nucleus yonke ikhazimla ngokulinganayo. Le yeyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo. Inokwenzeka nakwesiphi na isifo sokuzikhusela komzimba, kodwa ixhaphake kakhulu kwi-lupus okanye kwi-Sjögren's Syndrome.
• Amachaphaza: Kule nto, i-nucleus ibonakala njengamachaphaza amancinci okanye iigranule ezikhazimlayo kuyo yonke indawo. Oku kunokubonisa nezifo ezahlukeneyo, kuquka i-lupus kunye ne-Srogens syndrome.
• I-Centromere: Kulapho kubonakala khona ukudaywa kwe-ANA ecaleni kwee-chromosomes. Le patheni idla ngokunxulunyaniswa nesifo iScleroderma.
• Inyukliya:Kule meko, ukudaywa kwe-ANA kubonakala kujikeleze i-nucleolus (apho ii-ribosome zenziwa khona kwiseli) ngaphakathi kwi-nucleus. Oku kunokunxulunyaniswa neemeko ezifana ne-scleroderma, i-Srogens syndrome, kunye nesifo se-mixed connective tissue (MCTD). Ngamanye amaxesha kunokuba sisiphumo esingalunganga.
• I-Peripheral: Kule meko, kubonakala ukudaywa kwe-ANA kujikeleze imiphetho ye-nucleus. Oku kudla ngokunxulunyaniswa ne-lupus.

Yintoni omawuyenze ukuba ingxelo ye-ANA ilungile?

Ingxelo yovavanyo lwe-ANA ethi "Positive" ithetha ukuba umntwana unee-antinuclear antibodies egazini lakhe. Oku kunokubonisa ukuba umntwana unesifo sokuzikhusela komzimba esifana ne-lupus.

Nangona kunjalo, njengoko benditshilo ngaphambili, ungoyiki ukuba umntwana wakho unesifo sokuzikhusela komzimba kuba nje ingxelo ye-ANA ithi "Ilungile". Abantu abaninzi abasempilweni banokuba ne-ANA egazini labo. Kwakhona, amanye amayeza kunye nosulelo lwentsholongwane lunokutshintsha iziphumo ze-"ANA Test".

Ukuba uvavanyo lomntwana wakho (uvavanyo lwe-ANA) lulungile, ugqirha uya kwenza iimvavanyo ezininzi ngaphambi kokuba aqinisekise isifo. Iziphumo zovavanyo lomntwana azinakuqinisekisa ukuba isifo sokuzikhusela komzimba sikhona na. Ukuze aqinisekise ukuba isifo sikhona na okanye akunjalo, ugqirha uya kuqwalasela zonke ezi zinto zilandelayo:

• Iziphumo ze-`(Uvavanyo lwe-ANA)` (ixabiso lesihloko, ipateni).
• Iimpawu ezibonakaliswa ngumntwana.
• Izinto ozibonayo ngexesha lokuhlolwa komzimba komntwana wakho.
• Iziphumo zezinye iimvavanyo zelebhu.

Imibuzo ebalulekileyo yokubuza ugqirha

Ukuba umntwana wakho kufuneka enze uvavanyo lwe-ANA, kukho imibuzo ebalulekileyo onokuyibuza ugqirha:

• Ngaba umntwana kufuneka alungiselelwe ngokukodwa olu `(Uvavanyo lwe-ANA)`?
• Ngaba ezinye iimvavanyo zenziwa kunye `(Uvavanyo lwe-ANA)`?
• Iziphumo zovavanyo lomntwana (uvavanyo lwe-ANA) zinganceda njani ekuqondeni unobangela weempawu zakhe?
• Ngaba umntwana kufuneka enziwe uvavanyo lokulandelela ngokusekelwe kwiziphumo zolu vavanyo?

Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule

Kuqhelekile ukuba wena nomntwana wakho nizive nisoyika kwaye nixhalabile xa nifumanisa ukuba umntwana wakho udinga uvavanyo lwe-ANA. Kodwa khumbula, olu luvavanyo lwegazi olulula oluthatha ngaphantsi kwemizuzu emihlanu.

Iziphumo zovavanyo lwe-`(ANA)` zezinye zezinto eziqwalaselwa ngugqirha xa esenza isigqibo malunga nesifo sokuzikhusela komzimba. Kunye noku, kukho nezinye izinto ezininzi eziqwalaselwayo, njengeempawu zomntwana, imbali yezonyango yosapho, kunye neziphumo zezinye iimvavanyo. Nangona kunjalo, iziphumo zovavanyo lwe-`(ANA)` zinokubonelela ngezikhokelo ezibalulekileyo zokumisela ukuba umntwana unesifo sokuzikhusela komzimba okanye akunjalo. Ke ngoko, ungoyiki kwaye ujongane nolu vavanyo ngengqondo ezolileyo. Buza ugqirha nayiphi na imibuzo onokuba nayo.

Impilo yomntwana , uvavanyo lwe-ANA, izifo zokuzikhusela komzimba, uvavanyo lwegazi, ukuxilongwa, inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela, i-lupus