Masifunde ngamajoni amancinci emzimbeni wakho - ii-granulocytes.

Sonke sizama nzima kangaka ukuhlala kude nezifo, akunjalo? Ngamanye amaxesha nokuba nomkhuhlane unokusenza sigule. Ngoko ke, ngaphakathi emizimbeni yethu, kukho inkqubo yokuzikhusela emangalisayo yokulwa nezifo ezinjalo kunye nosulelo. Inxalenye ebaluleke kakhulu yaloo nkqubo yokuzikhusela zii-granulocytes esiza kuthetha ngazo namhlanje. Aba bantu basebenza ngaphakathi emizimbeni yethu njengamajoni akhusela ilizwe lethu. Kulungile, masibone ukuba ngoobani la ma-granulocytes, benza ntoni, kwaye kwenzeka ntoni ukuba aba mancinci kakhulu okanye maninzi kakhulu. Yonke into ilula.

Ngaba uyazi ukuba ziintoni ii-granulocytes?

Ngamafutshane, i-granulocyte luhlobo lweseli emhlophe yegazi. Ewe, ukhe weva ukuba kukho iiseli ezibomvu zegazi kunye neeseli ezimhlophe zegazi egazini. Phakathi kwezo seli ezimhlophe zegazi, uhlobo oluqhelekileyo yi-granulocyte.

Zifumana igama lazo kuba ngaphakathi kwiiseli zazo, kwi -cytoplasm (ulwelo olungqindilili ngaphakathi kwiseli), kukho izakhiwo ezincinci ezifana nembewu ezibizwa ngokuba zii-granules. Ngaphakathi kwezi granules kukho iikhemikhali ezahlukeneyo, ezifana nee-enzymes . Ezi zifana nezixhobo zazo.

Khawucinge nje, xa into efana nentsholongwane okanye intsholongwane ingena emzimbeni wakho, okanye xa kukho ukudumba ngenxa yokwenzakala, la ma-granulocyte akhawuleza aye kwindawo leyo njenge-ambulensi ene-siren. Ayeza aze akhuphe iikhemikhali ezingaphakathi kwiiseli zawo ukuze alwe nosulelo.

Ngoko ke, indlela ekuphela kwayo yokwazi kakuhle ukuba angakanani na amanqanaba e-granulocyte yakho kukwenza uvavanyo lwegazi. Oku kungenziwa nge- CBC (Complete Blood Count), edla ngokwenziwa.

• Ukuba inani leegranulocyte zakho liphezulu , oko kuthetha ukuba kukho uhlobo oluthile losulelo emzimbeni wakho.
• Kwakhona, ukuba inani leegranulocyte liphantsi , oko kungaba luphawu lwesifo somongo wethambo , njenge- leukemia okanye i-aplastic anemia . Kodwa ungakhathazeki, ayikuko konke ukuncipha okuyingozi.

Ezi granulocytes zikwabizwa ngokuba yi-`granular leukocytes`, `polymorphonuclear leukocytes` okanye `PMN cells`. Kodwa masizibize nje ngokuba yi-`granulocytes`.

Kuthekani ukuba une-granulocytes engavuthwanga?

Ngokwesiqhelo, ezi seli ze-granulocyte zingena egazini kuphela emva kokuba zikhule ngokupheleleyo kumongo wethu wethambo, oko kukuthi, emva kokuba zikhule ngokupheleleyo. Njengokuba abantwana esikolweni befunda kakuhle baze baphumelele iimviwo, bayaphuma.

Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha ezi granulocytes zingavuthwanga , oko kukuthi, iiseli ezingavuthwanga ngokupheleleyo, zifumaneka egazini. Kukho izizathu ezininzi ezinokubangela ukuba oku kwenzeke:

• Esinye kukuba kusenokuba kukho ingxaki ethile ngomongo wethambo.
• Okanye, kusenokwenzeka ukuba umzimba usabela kwisifo ngokukhawuleza, njengokuthumela amajoni amatsha edabini ngokukhawuleza.

Oogqirha bahlala bexhalabile ukuba unee-granulocytes ezingavuthwanga ezingaphezulu kwe-2% yenani leeseli zakho ezimhlophe zegazi.

Kodwa khumbula oku:

• Oomama abakhulelweyo kunye neentsana ezisandul’ ukuzalwa banokuba nee-granulocytes ezingavuthwanga egazini labo. Oku kuqhelekile, uphawu lokuba umongo wethambo usebenza kakuhle. Ngoko ke akukho nto inokubangela ukukhathazeka ngayo.

Yintoni umsebenzi oyintloko wee-granulocytes?

Iigranulocytes azisebenzi zodwa. Zisebenza kunye njengeqela ukulwa nokusikhusela kwizinto ezifana nosulelo, iintsholongwane, kunye nezinto ezibangela i-allergens ezingena emizimbeni yethu.

Kukho iintlobo ezine eziphambili zeegranulocytes. Uhlobo ngalunye luneekhemikhali kunye nee-enzymes ezahlukeneyo kancinci ngaphakathi kwezo granules, ngoko ke imisebenzi yazo yahlukile kancinci.

1. Ii-neutrophils

• Olu lolona hlobo luninzi lwe-granulocyte, njenge-battalion enkulu kumkhosi.
• Utshaba lwabo oluphambili ziintsholongwane . Iseli enye ye-neutrophil inokuginya kwaye itshabalalise malunga neentsholongwane ezingama-20 ebomini bayo!
• Ii-neutrophils zenza phakathi kwama-40% nama-60% ee-granulocytes zizonke emzimbeni wethu, oko kuthetha malunga nesibini kwisithathu seeseli ezimhlophe zegazi.

2. Ii-Eosinophils

• Ezi zikwabaluleke kakhulu. Zifumaneka phantse kuzo zonke iimpendulo zomzimba .
• Umthwalo wabo womsebenzi uphezulu kakhulu xa kukho i-allergies .
• Kwakhona, zezi eosinophils ezilwa neentsholongwane , oko kukuthi, izinto eziphilayo ezibangela izifo ezifana neempethu.

3. IiBasophil

• Aba bantu balwa kakhulu neempendulo ze-allergy .
• Zikhupha ikhemikhali ebizwa ngokuba yi-histamine , enceda umzimba ukuba ukhuphe izinto ezibangela i-allergens (cinga ngayo njengokuthimla kunye nempumlo egobhozayo).
• Ikwakhupha i-heparin , ethintela ukujiya kwegazi.

4. Iiseli zeMast

• Iiseli zeMast nazo luhlobo lwe-granulocyte. Kodwa azijikelezi egazini njengezinye. Zihlala ngaphakathi kwizicubu zethu.
• Njengee-basophils, zikhupha i-histamine kunye ne-heparin.
• Ii-Basophil kunye nee-mast cells ziyafana ngembonakalo. Umahluko ophambili kukuba ii-basophil zihlala ixesha elifutshane kwaye zikhawuleza ziye kwindawo yokuvuvukala kwangoko nje ukuba kwenzeke.

Ziphi ii-granulocytes?

La majoni amancinci, abizwa ngokuba zii-granulocytes, aveliswa kwi-Ngaphakathi komongo wethambo . Njengenkampu yokuqeqesha. Emva koko, xa umzimba udinga iinkonzo zawo, ajoyina igazi aze aye kwiindawo ezifanelekileyo.

Inqanaba eliqhelekileyo leegranulocytes lifanele libe njani?

Ngokwesiqhelo, umntu ophilileyo kufuneka abe ne-granulocytes eziphakathi kwe-1,500 kunye ne-8,500 kwi-microliter nganye (ithontsi elincinci kakhulu legazi). Ingxelo yakho yovavanyo lwegazi mhlawumbi iya kubonisa oku njenge-`1.5 - 8.5 x 10^9/L`. La maxabiso anokwahluka kancinci kwilabhoratri nganye.

Ukuba sithatha iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeegranulocytes esithethe ngazo ngaphambili njengepesenti, nantsi into ekufuneka zibe yiyo:

• IiNeutrophils: Phakathi kwe-50% kunye ne-70% yazo zonke iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi.
• Ii-Eosinophils: Phakathi kwe-1% kunye ne-3%.
• IiBasophils: Phakathi kwe-0.4% kunye ne-1%.

Ziziphi izifo eziqhelekileyo ezichaphazela ii-granulocytes?

Iimeko ezahlukeneyo zonyango zinokwenzeka ngenxa yokwanda okanye ukuncipha kwenani lee-granulocytes. Makhe sijonge ezimbalwa zazo:

• I-Basophilia: Oku kukwanda kwenani lee-basophils. Oku kungaba luphawu losulelo, isifo sokuzikhusela komzimba (isifo apho iiseli zomzimba zizihlasela ngokwazo), okanye imeko efana ne-leukemia.
• I-Cyclic neutropenia: Kulapho inqanaba lee-neutrophils liyehla lize libuyele esiqhelweni. Oku kwenzeka kumjikelo. Le meko inyusa umngcipheko wokufumana usulelo.
• I-Eosinophilia: Ukwanda kwenani lee-eosinophils. Oku kubonakala rhoqo kwiimeko ezifana ne -asthma kunye ne-allergies yexesha elithile . Isenokuba luphawu lwezifo ezibangelwa zi-parasites okanye izifo ezibangelwa zi-autoimmune ezifana ne -sarcoidosis kunye nesifo samathumbu esivuthayo .
• I-Granulocytosis: Oku kukwanda kwenani lilonke lee-granulocytes. Oku kunokuba nezizathu ezahlukeneyo. Iintsholongwane, umhlaza wegazi, ezinye izifo zokuzikhusela komzimba, kunye nezifo zomongo wethambo zezona ziphambili.
• I-Neutropenia (ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-granulocytopenia): Oku kukuncipha kwenani lee-granulocytes, ingakumbi ii-neutrophils. Oku kudla ngokubangelwa kukuphazamiseka kwegazi okanye komongo wethambo, okufana ne -aplastic anemia okanye i-leukemia . I-Agranulocytosis lolona hlobo lubi kakhulu lwe-neutropenia.

Ziziphi iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zezifo ezinxulumene ne-granulocyte?

Ezi mpawu zinokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko yakho ethile. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye zezona mpawu zixhaphakileyo ziquka:

• Ndiziva ndidiniwe ngalo lonke ixesha (Ukudinwa)
• Ifiva
• Usulelo oluqhelekileyo (umz. umkhuhlane, usulelo lomphimbo, usulelo lomchamo)
• Isifo seentsini
• Intlungu yamalungu
• Izilonda zomlomo
• Isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza
• Ukurhawuzelela kwesikhumba, okufana ne-eczema
• Umqala obuhkungu
• Ii-lymph nodes ezidumbileyo (kwiindawo ezifana nentamo nasemakhwapheni)

Ukuba uqhubeka nokuba nenye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi mpawu, kungcono ukubona ugqirha ukuze akunike ingcebiso.

Ziziphi iimvavanyo ezenziwayo ukujonga amanqanaba e-granulocyte?

Ugqirha wakho angajonga inani leegranulocyte zakho ngokwenza ubalo lwegazi olupheleleyo (CBC) . Olu luvavanyo lwegazi olulula kakhulu oludla ngokwenziwa.

Ukuze ufumane amanqanaba e-granulocyte kwingxelo yakho ye-CBC, khangela la magama:

• I-Neutrophil okanye "engathathi cala."
• I-Eosinophil okanye "i-eosin."
• I-Basophil okanye "i-baso."

La magama adla ngokulandelwa ligama elithi “abs.” Eli gama lithetha “i-absolute.” Lithetha inani elipheleleyo lohlobo ngalunye lweseli (inani elichanekileyo kumthamo wegazi).

Ziziphi iindlela zonyango zezifo ezinxulumene ne-granulocyte?

Iindlela zonyango ziya kwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko yakho, kodwa ezinye iindlela zonyango eziqhelekileyo ziquka:

• Ii-antibiotics: Ukuba kukho usulelo.
• Ukufakelwa komongo wethambo: Kwezinye iimeko ezinzima.
• IiCorticosteroids: Yehlisa ukudumba.
• Iinaliti ze-G-CSF (granulocyte colony-stimulating factor): Zandisa imveliso ye-granulocyte.
• Izinto ezithintela amasosha omzimba: Kwizifo ezikhusela amasosha omzimba.

Ukuba umhlaza uchaphazela ii-granulocytes, iindlela zonyango zingabandakanya:

• Unyango ngamakhemikhali
• Unyango lwe-immunotherapy
• Unyango ngemitha
• Unyango olujoliswe kulo
• Utyando

Unyango lweegranulocytes ezingavuthwanga

Ukuba iziphumo zovavanyo lwakho lwegazi zibonisa ukuba une-granulocytes ezingavuthwanga, ugqirha wakho unokwenza olunye uvavanyo ukuze afumane unobangela.

• Ukuba unobangela lusulelo, kuya kunikwa amayeza afanelekileyo.
• Ukuba unobangela yinto efana nomhlaza, baza kuthetha nawe malunga neendlela zonyango ezinje ngotyando, i-chemotherapy, okanye unyango lwe-radiation.

Ndingazinyamekela njani? Kuthekani ukuba kufuneka ndixhalabele amanqanaba eegranulocyte zam?

Ukuba unemeko echaphazela amanqanaba e-granulocyte yakho, kubalulekile ukuzikhusela kwiintsholongwane. Nazi ezinye izinto onokuzenza:

• Kuphephe ukuchukumisa amehlo, impumlo, okanye ubuso ngaphandle kokuhlamba izandla. Zingaphi iintsholongwane ezingabonakaliyo ezandleni zethu?
• Fumana imigonyo ecetyiswayo ngexesha. Le migonyo inokukhusela kwiintsholongwane ezininzi.
• Ndwendwela ugqirha wamazinyo rhoqo, kwaye ugcine ucoceko lomlomo ekhaya. Hlamba amazinyo akho kakuhle uze uwafake i-floss.
• Hlamba izandla zakho rhoqo nangokucokisekileyo, ingakumbi phambi kokutya, emva kokusebenzisa indlu yangasese, nasemva kokuphuma.
• Ziphephe iindawo ezinabantu abaninzi kunye neendawo apho abantu abagulayo bafumaneka khona kangangoko.
• Yitya ukutya okunesondlo esifanelekileyo. Yitya iziqhamo kunye nemifuno emininzi. Ezi zinto ziqinisa amasosha omzimba wakho.
• Lala ngokwaneleyo.
• Kuphephe ukutshaya.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukufuna iingcebiso zonyango ukuba uneempawu ezingaqhelekanga, ngaphandle kokuzityeshela.

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kweeGranulocytes kunye neeAgranulocytes?

Zombini ezi ziintlobo zeeseli ezimhlophe zegazi. Nangona kunjalo, ii-agranulocytes azinazo ezi granules zikhankanyiweyo kwi-cytoplasm yazo. Unobumba "A" udla ngokuthetha "hayi." Ngoko ke igama elithi "agranulocyte" lithetha into efana "neeseli ezingenazo iigranules."

Iimonocytes kunye neelymphocytes zimizekelo emibini yezi agranulocytes. Zikwadlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu kwinkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela.

Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule

Iigranulocytes ngamajoni angathethiyo enkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela komzimba alwa nosulelo, izinto ezibangela i-allergens, kunye nezinye izinto ezibangela ukuba umzimba wethu uzive udiniwe. Xa ezi seli zimhlophe zegazi zisebenza kakuhle, imizimba yethu inokuzikhusela ngcono.

Nangona kunjalo, ukuba umzimba wakho awuvelisi iigranulocytes ezaneleyo, okanye ukuba inani leegranulocytes liphantsi kakhulu okanye liphezulu kakhulu, oko kunokubonisa imeko enzulu engaphantsi.

Ukuba ugula rhoqo, usengozini yokwasulelwa zizifo, okanye uneempawu ezikhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla, nceda ubone ugqirha. Banokwenza uvavanyo olufunekayo, bafumane unobangela, baze bacebe unyango olungcono kuwe. Ukunyamekela impilo yakho yeyona nto ibalulekileyo!

Iigranulocytes , iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi, ukhuseleko lomzimba, usulelo, uvavanyo lwegazi, iimpawu, iingcebiso zempilo, ii-CBC, ii-neutrophils, ii-eosinophils, ii-basophils