Fumana ulwazi malunga nokuqhekeka kwegazi lakho ngovavanyo lwe-D-Dimer!

Mhlawumbi ukhe weva ngolu vavanyo lubizwa ngokuba yi-D-Dimer. Okanye mhlawumbi ugqirha wakho ukuxelele ukuba ulwenze. Ngoko ke, yintoni i-D-Dimer? Kutheni olu vavanyo lubaluleke kangaka? Makhe sithethe ngako konke oku ngokweenkcukacha, ngokulula, namhlanje. Ndiza kukuchaza ngendlela onokuyiqonda.

Yintoni i-D-Dimer? Ngamafutshane...

Cinga ngale ndlela: I-D-Dimer sisiqwenga esincinci seprotheyini esenziwa xa ihlwili legazi linyibilika emzimbeni wakho. Ngokwesiqhelo, ukuba awunamahlwili egazi amaninzi awenzekayo emzimbeni wakho, okanye ukuba amahlwili awenzekayo awanyibiliki, phantse akukho D-Dimer egazini lakho. Okanye ikhona ngomlinganiselo omncinci kakhulu.

Ngoku, ukuba iziphumo zakho zovavanyo lwe-D-Dimer zilungile okanye ukuba inqanaba lakho le-D-Dimer liphezulu , oko kunokubonisa ukuba unesifo sokugabha igazi. Nangona kunjalo, akuthethi ukuba unayo loo meko . Kwakhona, uvavanyo lwe-D-Dimer lodwa alunakukuxelela ngokuthe ngqo ukuba loluphi uhlobo lwesifo sokugabha igazi onalo okanye apho igazi ligabha khona emzimbeni wakho. Kufuneka uvavanyo olongezelelekileyo ukuze kuqinisekiswe oko.

Kwenzeka njani ukuba igazi lijiye?

Masiqale siqonde ukuba yintoni inkqubo eqhelekileyo yokujiya kwegazi. Enyanisweni, ukujiya kwegazi yinto ebaluleke kakhulu nebalulekileyo. Xa wenzakele, le nkqubo inceda ekumiseni ukopha okuninzi. Khawuthelekelele, xa ufumana ukwenzakala emthanjeni wegazi okanye kwizicubu uze uqale ukopha, umzimba wakho uqala inkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yi-"hemostasis". Yile nto ithintela ukopha kwaye ekugqibeleni yenze i-blood clot ukuyimisa.

Ngexesha le nkqubo ye-"hemostasis," umzimba wakho wenza imicu yeproteni ebizwa ngokuba yi-"fibrin," eyenza i-mesh. Le mesh, kunye nohlobo lweseli ebizwa ngokuba yi-"platelet," inceda ukugcina i-blood clot isendaweni yayo de inxeba liphole. La ma-clots ngamanye amaxesha anokubonakala njenge-crust eluswini lwakho okanye njengeqhubu elingaphantsi kolusu lwakho.

Emva kokuba inxeba lakho lipholile, kwaye umzimba wakho ungasadingi ihlwili, umzimba wakho uvelisa i-enzyme ebizwa ngokuba yi-"plasmin" ukuze iqhekeze ihlwili libe ziingceba ezincinci ize izisuse. Ezi ziqwenga zibizwa ngokuba yi-"fibrin degradation products" okanye "fibrin split-products". Enye yezo ziqwenga ibizwa ngokuba yi-D-Dimer.

Nangona kunjalo, ukuba unesifo sokugalela igazi, unokuba namahlwili egazi nokuba akukho ngozi. Okanye, amahlwili enziweyo asenokunganyibiliki xa kufuneka. Ngamafutshane, inkqubo yokugalela igazi emzimbeni wakho ayisebenzi kakuhle. Olu hlobo lwamahlwili egazi lunokuba yingozi kwaye lube yingozi nakubomi.

Ngoko ke, inqanaba eliphezulu le-D-Dimer egazini lakho linokuba luphawu lokuba umzimba wakho uyakha kwaye unyibilikisa amahlwili egazi kakhulu. Yiyo loo nto luphawu lwesifo sokugabha kwegazi.

Yintoni uvavanyo lwe-D-Dimer olusetyenziselwa ukufumanisa?

Oogqirha badla ngokusebenzisa uvavanyo lwe-D-Dimer ukunceda ekuxilongeni ingxaki yokujiya kwegazi. Iimeko eziphambili ziquka:

• I-Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) okanye i-Venous Thrombosis: Oku kwenzeka xa i-blood clot isenzeka emthanjeni ongaphakathi emzimbeni wakho. Eli hlwili linokuthi lithintele ngokupheleleyo okanye ngokuyinxenye ukuhamba kwegazi ngemithambo. I-DVT idla ngokuvela emlenzeni ongezantsi, ethangeni, okanye esinqeni. Nangona kunjalo, inokwenzeka nakwezinye iindawo zomzimba, njengengalo, ingqondo, amathumbu, isibindi, okanye izintso.
• I-Pulmonary Embolism (PE): Oku kwenzeka xa ihlwili legazi elenziwe kwenye indawo emzimbeni (ngokuqhelekileyo emlenzeni okanye engalweni) lihamba ngegazi lize lihlale emthanjeni wegazi emaphashini. Le yimeko eyingozi kakhulu.
• Ukudibanisa Imithambo Yegazi Esasazwayo (DIC): Kule meko, kwakheka amahlwili egazi amaninzi emzimbeni wakho . Oku kungonakalisa amalungu omzimba kwaye kubangele nezinye iingxaki ezinkulu. Uvavanyo lwe-D-Dimer alusetyenziselwa nje kuphela ukufumanisa i-DIC, kodwa lukwasetyenziselwa ukubona ukuba unyango lwe-DIC lusebenza kakuhle kangakanani.
• Istroke: Kule meko, esikwayibiza ngokuba "lihlwili legazi ebuchotsheni," umthambo wegazi ebuchotsheni uyavaleka okanye uqhume.

Kutheni ndifuna uvavanyo lwe-D-Dimer?

Ukuba uneempawu zengxaki yokujiya kwegazi, ugqirha wakho unokuyalela uvavanyo lwe-D-Dimer. Ezi ziimpawu zeemeko ezifana ne-`(DVT)`, `(PE)`, `(DIC)`, `(Stroke)` ezikhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla.

Uninzi lwexesha, uvavanyo lwe-D-Dimer lwenziwa kwigumbi likaxakeka okanye esibhedlele.

Zithini iimpawu ze-deep vein thrombosis (DVT)?

I-DVT idla ngokuvela emlenzeni okanye engalweni yakho. Ayinguye wonke umntu onazo iimpawu. Nangona kunjalo, unokufumana iimpawu ezifana nezi:

• Ukudumba komlenze okanye ingalo (ngamanye amaxesha ngequbuliso).
• Intlungu okanye ukuthamba komlenze (kunokubonakala kuphela xa umi okanye uhamba).
• Indawo evuvukileyo nebuhlungu emlenzeni okanye engalweni evakalelwa kukuba ifudumele.
• Ubomvu besikhumba okanye ukutshintsha kombala.
• Imithambo yegazi engaphantsi kolusu ibonakala inkulu kunesiqhelo.

Ukuba unezi mpawu ze-`(DVT)`, nokuba awukho esibhedlele okwangoku, bona ugqirha wakho ngokukhawuleza.

Zithini iimpawu ze-pulmonary embolism (PE)?

Le yimeko engxamisekileyo. Iimpawu ze-`(PE)` zezi:

• Ubunzima bokuphefumla ngequbuliso (ukuphelelwa ngamandla) okanye ukuphefumla ngokukhawuleza.
• Intlungu ebukhali esifubeni (idla ngokuba mandundu xa ukhohlela okanye ushukuma).
• Umqolo obuhlungu.
• Ukukhwehlela (ngamanye amaxesha kukho i-phlegm ebonakala ngathi inegazi).
• Ukubila ngaphezu kwesiqhelo.
• Intliziyo ekhawulezayo (i-tachycardia).
• Ukudinwa okanye ukuquleka.

Kubalulekile: Ukuba unezi mpawu ze-`(PE)`, kufuneka utsalele umnxeba ku-911 okanye uye kwigumbi likaxakeka elikufutshane ngoko nangoko. Oku akufanele kulibaziseke.

Ziziphi iimpawu ze-disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)?

Iimpawu ze-DIC zingabandakanya:

• Iintsini eziphuma igazi.
• Isicaphucaphu kunye/okanye ukuhlanza.
• Intlungu eqatha yemisipha kunye nentlungu yesisu.
• Ukuxhuzula.
• Ukuphuma komchamo okuncinci kunesiqhelo.

Ukuba sele ufunyenwe une-DIC kwaye ufumana unyango, ugqirha wakho unokuyalela uvavanyo lwe-D-Dimer rhoqo ukujonga ukuba unyango lwakho lusebenza kakuhle na.

Zithini iimpawu zestroke?

Ukukhubazeka komzimba nako kuyinto engxamisekileyo. Iimpawu zezi:

• Ukuba ndindisholo okanye ubuthathaka bobuso, ingalo, okanye umlenze ngequbuliso (ingakumbi kwelinye icala lomzimba).
• Ukudideka ngequbuliso, ubunzima bokuthetha, okanye ubunzima bokuqonda into ethethwa ngumntu.
• Ubunzima bokubona ngequbuliso kwelinye okanye omabini amehlo.
• Ubunzima bokuhamba ngequbuliso.
• Ukudinwa ngequbuliso, ukulahlekelwa yibhalansi, okanye ukulahlekelwa kukulungelelaniswa kwezinto.
• Intloko ebuhlungu efika ngequbuliso ngaphandle kwesizathu.

Okubaluleke kakhulu: Ukuba wena okanye omnye umntu ufumana ezi mpawu zestroke , kufuneka utsalele umnxeba ku-911 okanye uye esibhedlele esikufutshane ngoko nangoko. Ixesha libaluleke kakhulu.

Ngubani owenza uvavanyo lwe-D-Dimer? Lwenziwa njani?

Ngokwesiqhelo, ingcali ye-phlebotomist yenza umzobo wegazi, kuquka novavanyo lwe-D-Dimer. Nangona kunjalo, nawuphi na umntu oqeqeshelwe ukutsala igazi angakwenza oko. Isampuli yakho yegazi emva koko ithunyelwa kwilabhoratri. Apho, ingcali yelabhoratri yezonyango ilungiselela isampuli ize iyivavanye kwiimatshini ezibizwa ngokuba zii-analyzers.

Ngaba kukho into ekufuneka ndiyenze ngaphambi kovavanyo?

Hayi, akukho mfuneko yokuba wenze nantoni na ekhethekileyo ngaphambi kovavanyo lwe-D-Dimer. Ungaphila ubomi obuqhelekileyo.

Kwenzeka ntoni ngexesha lovavanyo?

I-D-Dimer luvavanyo lwegazi. Ngoko ke xa uthatha isampuli yegazi, nazi izinto ezenzekayo:

• Uza kuhlaliswa esitulweni okanye ulele ebhedini. Umsebenzi wezempilo uza kujonga iingalo zakho aze afumane umthambo olula wokukhupha igazi. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ungaphakathi kwengalo yakho, ngasemva nje kwengqiniba yakho.
• Xa kufunyenwe umthambo, uyacocwa uze ubulawe iintsholongwane.
• Emva koko kufakwa inaliti encinci emthanjeni wakho kwaye kuthathwa isampuli yegazi. Oku kuya kuvakala ngathi kukuluma kwembovane okuncinci.
• Emva kokufaka inaliti, igazi elincinci liya kuqokelelwa kwityhubhu yovavanyo.
• Emva kokuba kuthathwe igazi elaneleyo kuvavanyo, inaliti iyasuswa kwaye isiqwenga sekotoni okanye i-gauze sibekwe phezu kwendawo ukuze kumiswe ukopha.
• Emva koko kufakwa iplasta kuloo ndawo uze umsebenzi ugqitywe.

Le nkqubo yonke idla ngokuthatha ngaphantsi kwemizuzu emihlanu. Ikhawuleza kakhulu.

Kwenzeka ntoni emva kovavanyo?

Emva kokuba isampuli yegazi lakho ithathiwe, lithunyelwa kwilebhu. Nje ukuba iziphumo zovavanyo zifike, ugqirha wakho uza kukuxelela iziphumo.

Ngaba kukho naziphi na iingozi ngovavanyo lwe-D-Dimer?

Uvavanyo lwegazi luvavanyo lwezonyango oluqhelekileyo noluyimfuneko. Iingozi zokuvavanywa kwegazi ziphantsi kakhulu. Usenokuziva uqaqanjelwa okanye utyumkile apho igazi litsalwe khona. Kodwa oko kuya kuphela ngokukhawuleza. Ngoko ke akukho nto inokubangela ixhala.

Zithetha ukuthini iziphumo zovavanyo lwe-D-Dimer?

Ingxelo yovavanyo lwegazi, nokuba yingxelo yovavanyo lwe-D-Dimer, idla ngokuba nolwazi olufana nolu:

• Igama lovavanyo lwegazi, okanye oko kwalinganiswa egazini lakho.
• Inani okanye umlinganiselo weziphumo zovavanyo lwakho lwegazi.
• Uluhlu oluqhelekileyo lolo vavanyo.
• Ulwazi olubonisa ukuba iziphumo zakho ziqhelekile, aziqhelekanga, ziphezulu, ziphantsi, zilungile, okanye azilunganga.

Iyintoni isiphumo esiqhelekileyo se-D-Dimer?

Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuvavanya amanqanaba akho e-D-Dimer egazini lakho. Ngoko ke, akukho luhlu oluqhelekileyo oluthi "eli linqanaba eliqhelekileyo." Ingxelo yakho yelebhu iya kubandakanya ulwazi olubonisa ukuba inqanaba lakho le-D-Dimer liqhelekile, liphantsi, liphezulu, lihle, okanye alikho.

Ukuba ingxelo yakho yelebhu ithi inqanaba lakho le-D-Dimer liphantsi, alikho semgangathweni, okanye liqhelekile , oko kuthetha ukuba awunaso isifo sokujiya kwegazi.

Ukuba ufunyaniswe une-Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) kwaye ufumana unyango, inqanaba eliqhelekileyo okanye eliphantsi le-D-Dimer egazini lakho lithetha ukuba unyango lwakho lusebenza kakuhle.

Kuthetha ukuthini ukuba nesiphumo se-D-Dimer ephezulu?

Ukuba iziphumo zakho zibonisa ukuba amanqanaba akho e-D-Dimer egazini angaphezulu kunesiqhelo , oko kuthetha ukuba unengxaki yokujiya kwegazi. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko benditshilo ngaphambili, uvavanyo lwe-D-Dimer lodwa alunakukuxelela ngqo ukuba yeyiphi imeko yokujiya kwegazi onokuba nayo okanye apho amahlwili egazi akhoyo emzimbeni wakho.

Ukuba ufunyaniswe une-Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) kwaye ufumana unyango, inqanaba eliphezulu le-D-Dimer egazini lakho lisenokuthetha ukuba unyango lwakho alusebenzi kakuhle.

Nangona kunjalo, kukho iimeko apho amanqanaba e-D-Dimer anokunyuswa nokuba akukho ngxaki yokujiya kwegazi. Ezinye izizathu zokuba amanqanaba e-D-Dimer anokuba phezulu kunesiqhelo ziquka:

• Ukukhulelwa.
• Isifo sentliziyo.
• Utyando lwakutshanje.
• Ingozi okanye ukwenzakala emzimbeni (ukwenzakala).
• Usulelo.

Kwakhona, amanqanaba e-D-Dimer adla ngokwanda xa ukhula. Ukuba unesifo esifana ne-rheumatoid arthritis, unokufumana iziphumo ezingezizo ezilungileyo.

Ngoko ke, ukuba iziphumo zakho zibonisa ukuba amanqanaba akho e-D-Dimer akaqhelekanga, ugqirha wakho uya kuyalela uvavanyo lwegazi olongezelelweyo kunye/okanye uvavanyo lwemifanekiso ukuze enze uxilongo.

Ndiza kuzazi nini iziphumo zovavanyo lwe-D-Dimer?

Oogqirha badla ngokuyalela uvavanyo lwe-D-Dimer kwiimeko ezingxamisekileyo, kuba amahlwili egazi anokuba yingozi ebomini. Ukuba olu vavanyo lwenziwe ngexesha elingxamisekileyo, ugqirha wakho uya kufumana iziphumo kwiiyure ezimbalwa.

Ukuba une-D-Dimer test ukuze ubone ukuba unyango lwakho lusebenza kakuhle kangakanani ngelixa unyangwa imeko yokujiya kwegazi, kusenokwenzeka ukuba ufumane iziphumo kungekapheli usuku olunye okanye ezimbini zomsebenzi.

Kuza kwenzeka ntoni emva koko? Ukuba iziphumo aziqhelekanga...

Ukuba iziphumo zakho zovavanyo lwe-D-Dimer aziqhelekanga, ugqirha wakho unokuyalela uvavanyo olunye okanye ngaphezulu lwemifanekiso ukuze abone ukuba unesifo sokuwa kwegazi, kwaye ukuba kunjalo, apho akhoyo amahlwili. Ezi mvavanyo ziquka:

• I-Doppler ultrasound: Oku kusebenzisa amaza esandi ukwenza imifanekiso yemithambo yakho (imithambo yegazi).
• I-computed tomography (CT) angiography: Kolu vavanyo, ugqirha ufaka idayi ekhethekileyo kwenye yemithambo yakho. Oku kwenza imithambo yegazi yakho ibonakale kumatshini we-X-ray okhethekileyo.
• Iskeni yokungenisa umoya emiphungeni (V/Q): Oku kubandakanya iskeni yokungenisa umoya (V), elinganisa indlela umoya ohamba ngayo emiphungeni yakho, kunye neskeni yokukhupha umoya (Q), ejonga apho igazi lihamba khona emiphungeni yakho. Kuzo zombini iiskeni, kusetyenziswa isixa esincinci sento ekhuselekileyo ene-radioactive ukunceda iskeni sibone ukuba umoya negazi zihamba kakuhle kangakanani emiphungeni yakho.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?

Ukuba uneempawu zestroke okanye i-pulmonary embolism (PE), fowunela u-911 ngoko nangoko okanye uye kwigumbi likaxakeka elikufutshane. Musa ukulibazisa.

Ukuba uneempawu zokuqhekeka kwegazi kwimithambo enzulu (Deep Vein Thrombosis - DVT), bona ugqirha wakho ngokukhawuleza.

Ziziphi izinto ezibangela umngcipheko wokuqhekeka kwegazi?

Izinto ezinobungozi ezinokubangela ukwakheka kwegazi okungafanelekanga okanye okungaqhelekanga ziquka:

• Ukuba notyando olukhulu okanye ukwenzakala okukhulu emzimbeni (ukwenzakala).
• Ukuhlala kwindawo enye ixesha elide (umzekelo, ukuhlala kuhambo olude, okanye ukuhlala ebhedini ixesha elide).
• Ukusela iipilisi zokulawula ukukhulelwa okanye unyango lokutshintshwa kweehomoni.
• Ukukhulelwa okanye ukuzala kutshanje.
• Ukuba nembali yosapho yokuqhekeka kwegazi, okanye ukuba nesifo esithile esifana nesifo seFactor V Leiden, i-Antiphospholipid syndrome, okanye i-Polycythemia vera.
• Ukuba nohlobo oluthile lomhlaza.
• Ukuqhambuka kweSifo seCoronavirus sika-2019 (i-COVID-19).
• Ukuba nokutyeba kakhulu.
• Ukutshaya.

Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Kuqhelekile ukuba uzive usoyika kwaye uxhalabile xa ufumana iziphumo zovavanyo ezingaqhelekanga. Kodwa khumbula, iziphumo zovavanyo lwe-D-Dimer eziphezulu akuthethi ukuba unesifo sokujiya kwegazi. Ukuba iziphumo zakho zibonisa ukuba inqanaba lakho le-D-Dimer liphezulu, ugqirha wakho usenokuyalela ezinye iimvavanyo ukuze enze uxilongo.

Ukuba unemibuzo, ungoyiki ukubuza ugqirha wakho. Oogqirha bakhona ukukunceda. Baza kukuchazela yonke into.

Ndiyathemba ukuba olu lwazi luluncedo kuwe. Hlala usempilweni!

I- D-Dimer, ukujiya kwegazi, uvavanyo lwegazi, i-DVT, i-PE, iStroke, i-DIC, ukujiya kwegazi