Ngaba uyayazi i-sclera? Makhe sithethe ngokweenkcukacha!

Xa uzijonga esipilini, ubona inxalenye emhlophe yeliso lakho, akunjalo? Yiloo nto siyibiza ngokwezonyango ngokuba yi-sclera , kodwa sidla ngokuyibiza ngokuba "yinxalenye emhlophe yeliso." Ayisiyonxalenye emhlophe nje kuphela, sisigqubuthelo esibalulekileyo nesiqinileyo sokukhusela amehlo ethu. Isebenza njengodonga olujikeleze iibhola zamehlo ethu.

Ngoko ke yintoni umsebenzi we-sclera?

Ngamafutshane, i-sclera yiyo enika iliso lethu ukuma kakuhle kwaye iyincede ukuba ihlale injalo. Kufana nokubeka isigqubuthelo esihle kwibhola ukuze ikhusele ukuma kwayo. Ukongeza, umsebenzi wayo ophambili kukukhusela iindawo ezibuthathaka ngaphakathi kweliso kwiingozi ezincinci kunye nezinto zangaphandle ezifana nothuli. Cinga ngayo njengesikhuselo esinamandla esibekwe phezu kwamehlo ethu.

Enye into ebaluleke kakhulu kukuba, ngaba wakha wazibuza ukuba siwahambisa njani amehlo ethu ngasemva nangaphambili, phezulu nasezantsi? Kukho izihlunu ezikhethekileyo ezinceda kuloo nto. Ezi zihlunu zinamathele kwi-sclera. Yiyo loo nto sinokuhambisa amehlo ethu nakweyiphi na indlela. Ayimangalisi loo nto?

Yenziwe ngantoni i-sclera?

Esi sisakhiwo esomeleleyo ngokwenene. Isizathu esiphambili saloo nto kukuba senziwe ngohlobo oluthile lweproteni ebizwa ngokuba yi-collagen. Usenokuba ukhe weva nge-collagen. Iifayibha ze-collagen zezona zinto ziphambili kulusu lwethu, amandla emisipha, amathambo, kunye nezicubu ezinxibelelanayo ezidibanisa iindawo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba.

Indlela ezi fibers ze-collagen kwi-sclera ezidibana ngayo kwaye zisasazeka ngayo ngendlela enqamlezileyo iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kwaye inamandla kakhulu. Yiyo loo nto i-sclera inamandla amakhulu kwaye iguquguquka kancinci. Ngenxa yokuba ibotshelelwe ndawonye njenge-mesh eqinileyo, ayonakalanga lula. Kungenxa yendalo yenethiwekhi yeefibers ze-collagen ukuba i-sclera ibonakale imhlophe.

Enye into endifuna ukukuxelela yona, le sclera yinwebu encinci kakhulu. Incinci kunokuba ucinga. Imalunga nobukhulu bekhadi lakho letyala. Oko malunga ne-millimeter! Kuyamangalisa, akunjalo? Kodwa loo ncinci inamandla amangalisayo okukhusela amehlo ethu.

Kutheni i-sclera ibonakala imhlophe ngokupheleleyo?

Njengoko benditshilo ngaphambili, imicu ye-collagen kwi-sclera icwangciswe ngokungacwangciswanga, njenge-tangle. Oku kuthetha ukuba ubungakanani bokukhanya obudlula kuyo buphantsi kakhulu. Oko kuthetha ukuba ayibonakali ngokupheleleyo, oko kuthetha ukuba ayivumeli ukukhanya kudlule. Yiyo loo nto ibonakala imhlophe kuthi.

Cinga nge-cornea, inxalenye ecacileyo, efana neglasi yeliso lethu esiyibonayo, egquma i-iris emnyama. Ikwanayo nemicu ye-collagen. Kodwa imicu ye-collagen icwangciswe ngendlela ecocekileyo nentle, ukuze ukukhanya kudlule kakuhle kuyo. Yiyo loo nto i-cornea icacile kangangokuba sinokubona icala elikude. I-sclera inesakhiwo esahlukileyo esisasaza ukukhanya ngakumbi.

Zithini iileya ze-sclera?

I-sclera ayilolwembu olunye. Yenziwe ngamaleya amane, elinye liphezu kwelinye, njengesandwich. Ezi leya zikwaqhagamshelwe kwezinye iindawo ezibalulekileyo zeliso.

Makhe sibone ukuba zeziphi ezo layer, ngokweenkcukacha ezithe vetshe:

• I-Episclera: Le yilaphu engaphandle, ecacileyo, nebhityileyo kakhulu yezicubu.
• I-Stroma : Olu layer lwenziwe yi-fibroblasts (ezi ziiseli ezenza i-collagen) kunye nemicu ye-collagen. Idityaniswe kancinci ne-episclera. Le yeyona nxalenye inkulu ye-sclera.
• I-Lamina fusca: Le yi-sclera, umaleko oguqukayo phakathi kwezinye iindawo zeliso, njenge-iris (inxalenye enemibala yeliso), i-choroid (i-membrane etyebileyo kwimithambo yegazi), kunye nomzimba we-ciliary (ezi ziindawo zomaleko ophakathi weliso obizwa ngokuba yi-uvea). Isebenza njengebhulorho phakathi kwezi ndawo.
• I-Endothelium : Le yingqimba engaphakathi ye-sclera, ezantsi.

Kutheni amehlo am amhlophe ngamanye amaxesha ebonakala enombala owahlukileyo komhlophe?

Ewe, le yingxaki abantu abaninzi abanayo, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha inokoyikisa. Enyanisweni, umbala wamehlo ethu amhlophe unokutshintsha ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo kunye neemeko zonyango. Amehlo omntu wonke ngamanye amaxesha aba bomvu kwaye arhawuzelele kancinci. Kuqhelekile, nokuba yimini nje enothuli okanye ubusuku bokuphuma. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba amehlo akho atshintsha umbala okanye inkangeleko ye-sclera yakho itshintsha ngaphezu kosuku olunye okanye ezimbini, ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kufuneka ubone ugqirha wamehlo (njengengcali yokhathalelo lwamehlo) okanye ugqirha wakho oqhelekileyo wosapho. Ungalibali oko.

Makhe sijonge ezinye zeemeko kunye nezizathu ezinokubangela ukuba i-sclera itshintshe umbala:

• Usulelo lwamehlo: Usulelo lweentsholongwane, iintsholongwane, okanye ifungus lunokubangela ukuba amehlo abe bomvu kwaye ngamanye amaxesha avelise ubomvu obumthubi.
• I-Uveitis : Oku kubangela ukuba iliso libe bomvu, libe buhlungu, kwaye kunokubangela ukubona okufipheleyo. Ihlala isenzeka ngenxa yolunye usulelo okanye imeko yokuzikhusela komzimba.
• I-Episcleritis: Le yimeko apho i-episclera, umaleko ongaphandle we-sclera, ivuvukala kwaye iliso libomvu. Idla ngokunxulunyaniswa nezifo zokuzikhusela komzimba .
• I-Jaundice: Xa inqanaba le-bilirubin egazini lisanda ngenxa yengxaki yesibindi, amehlo aba tyheli. Oku kunokuchaphazela kungekuphela nje amehlo, kodwa nomzimba wonke.
• I-Pterygium (ekwabizwa ngokuba liliso le-surfer): Olu lukhula olunemilo engunxantathu oluqala kumhlophe weliso ukuya kwi-cornea . Luqheleke kakhulu kubantu abachatshazelwa lilanga, luthuli, nomoya.
• IiColobomas: Le yimeko yokuzalwa (ezalwa ngexesha lokuzalwa) eyenzeka ngexesha lokukhula kwamehlo. Ungabona umsantsa okanye ukulahleka kombono kwi-sclera okanye kwezinye iindawo zeliso.
• I-Marfan syndrome: Le yimeko yemfuza echaphazela izicwili zomzimba. Abanye abantu abanale meko banokuba nembonakalo ebhityileyo, enombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kwi-sclera.
• I-anemia: Xa umzimba unegazi eliphantsi, ingakumbi iiseli ezibomvu zegazi, i-sclera inokuba mthubi kakhulu, ngamanye amaxesha ibonakale iluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
• I-Osteogenesis imperfecta: Le yimeko yemfuza, ebangela ukuba amathambo abe buthathaka kwaye aphuke lula. Abantu abanale meko banokuba ne-sclera enemibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.

Ukongeza, izinto zemihla ngemihla ezifana nokwenzakala kwamehlo, ukungena kothuli, ukunganyamezelani komzimba, umsi wecuba, iikhemikhali, kunye nokukhanya kwelanga kakhulu nazo zinokubangela amehlo abomvu (amehlo abomvu).

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukufuna ingcebiso kagqirha ngokukhawuleza ukuba ubona utshintsho kumbala wamehlo akho, iintlungu zamehlo, ukurhawuzelelwa, utshintsho ekuboneni, okanye nantoni na engaqhelekanga ehlala iintsuku eziliqela.

Ndingenza njani ukuba amehlo am abe mhlophe kwakhona?

Umbuzo omhle. Abantu abaninzi bafuna ukugcina amehlo abo emhle kwaye esempilweni. Okokuqala, ugqirha wamehlo uza kuhlola amehlo akho ngononophelo ukuze afumanise ukuba kutheni umbala we-sclera utshintshile. Kuba, ngaphandle kokwazi unobangela, akunakwenzeka ukuyinyanga.

Xa sele kufunyenwe unobangela, ugqirha uya kucebisa unyango olufanelekileyo. Xa sele unobangela unyangiwe ngokufanelekileyo, inxalenye emhlophe yeliso lakho kufuneka ibuyele kumbala wayo omhlophe oqhelekileyo.

Ungadinga unyango olufana nolu:

• Amaconsi amehlo (OTC - Over-the-Counter) amiselwe ngugqirha okanye afumaneka ngqo kwikhemesti: Yehlisa ukubomvu, ukudumba, kunye nokoma kwamehlo.
• Amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane okanye ezinye izinto ezilwa nosulelo: Ukunyanga intsholongwane okanye olunye usulelo. Ezi zinokunikwa njengeepilisi okanye amaconsi emehlweni.
• Utyando lwamehlo: Utyando oluncinci lunokufuneka ukuze kulungiswe umonakalo obangelwe kukwenzakala okanye iimeko ezithile ezifana ne-pterygium.

Ukuba unengxaki yempilo engabonakaliyo (umz. isifo seswekile, uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, isifo sokuzikhusela komzimba), kubalulekile ukuthetha nogqirha wakho malunga nendlela engcono yokuyilawula kunye nonyango olufumanekayo, njengoko ezinye izifo zenkqubo yomzimba zinokuchaphazela namehlo.

Ndingayikhusela njani i-sclera yam, inxalenye emhlophe yeliso lam?

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukwenza ezi zinto zilula zibe ngumkhwa wokukhusela kungekuphela nje i-sclera, kodwa namehlo akho omabini axabisekileyo:

• Soloko unxiba izibuko zokhuseleko okanye isikhuselo sobuso esifanelekileyo xa udlala imidlalo, usenza umthambo, okanye usenza nawuphi na umsebenzi onokuthi ubeke amehlo akho emngciphekweni (umz., ukusebenza ngomthi, ukuwelda, ukusebenza ngeekhemikhali). Nokuba ucinga ukuba yinto encinci, ukwenzakala kwamehlo kunokuba yingozi kakhulu, kwaye kunokukhokelela ekulahlekelweni kombono.
• Nxiba iiglasi zelanga ezisemgangathweni, ingakumbi xa uphuma elangeni. Oku kuya kukhusela amehlo akho kwimitha ye-UV eyingozi, kunye nomoya nothuli.
• Hlamba izandla zakho kakuhle ngesepha namanzi ubuncinane imizuzwana engama-20 ngaphambi kokuba uchukumise amehlo akho, ingakumbi xa ufaka okanye ukhupha iilensi zokunxibelelana. Oku kunokunceda kakhulu ekuthinteleni iintsholongwane ukuba zingangeni emehlweni akho zize zibangele usulelo.

Ndifanele ndidibane nini nogqirha wamehlo?

Ukuba ubona into engaqhelekanga okanye engaqhelekanga emehlweni okanye ekuboneni kwakho, ungaze uyityeshele. Isenokuba yinto encinci, kodwa isenokuba luphawu lokuqala lwento enzulu. Yiya kugqirha wamehlo ngoko nangoko, ingakumbi ukuba unayo nayiphi na kwezi zilandelayo:

• Ukutshintsha kombala we-sclera: Oku kuthetha ukuba umhlophe weliso ujika ngequbuliso ube bomvu, ube mthubi, okanye ube luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
• Umbono ofipheleyo okanye ukulahleka ngequbuliso kombono, uqala ukubona ngamacandelo amabini.
• Ukukhupha ubovu okanye olunye ulwelo oluvela esweni.
• Uvakalelo lokukhanya: Oku kuthetha ukuba kunzima ukubona ukukhanya njengangaphambili, kwaye amehlo aziva ngathi ajika abe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
• Intlungu okanye ukurhawuzelela emehlweni.
• Ukudumba kwamehlo, ukudumba okujikeleze amehlo.
• Ndivakalelwa ngathi kukho into ebambeke emehlweni.

Ixesha elininzi, sijonga amehlo ethu esipilini yonke imihla, kodwa asiwahoyi kangako de i-sclera ibe bomvu, ivuvuke, okanye ibe buhlungu. Kuqhelekile ukuba indawo emhlophe yeliso itshintshe kancinci ngamanye amaxesha, ibe bomvu. Nangona kunjalo,Musa ukungayinaki nayiphi na inguqu ekuboneni kwakho, iintlungu zamehlo, okanye ezinye iimpawu ezintsha nezingaqhelekanga. Ukuba unenkxalabo ngamehlo akho, akuyonto imbi ukubona ugqirha wamehlo. Banokukunceda uqonde ukuba yintoni kanye kanye ebangela iimpawu zakho.

Ngoko ke, sithini isigidimi esifanele sisikhumbule kweli bali?

Ilula kakhulu, kodwa ibaluleke kakhulu. Inxalenye emhlophe yeliso lakho, i-sclera, ayilolwelwesi olumhlophe nje kuphela. Yinxalenye ebalulekileyo ekhusela iliso lakho, ilinike imo yalo efanelekileyo, kwaye ilincede lihambe kakuhle.

Nangona idla ngokuba sempilweni kwaye imhlophe, ngamanye amaxesha inokutshintsha umbala okanye ibangele ezinye iingxaki ngezizathu ezahlukeneyo. Ukuba kukho utshintsho oluqhubekayo lombala, iintlungu, utshintsho embonweni, okanye naluphi na olunye uphawu olungaqhelekanga, musa ukuyityeshela kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo bonana nogqirha.

Amehlo akho ayimpahla exabisekileyo oyinikiweyo. Ngoko ke wanyamekele kakuhle. Kububulumko ukulandela amanyathelo okhuseleko, unikele ingqalelo kwimpilo yamehlo akho, kwaye ufune iingcebiso zonyango ngokukhawuleza xa ubona naluphi na utshintsho. Uyayazi? Yenza konke okusemandleni akho ukugcina amehlo akho esempilweni!

I- Sclera, impilo yamehlo, ukubomvu kwamehlo, izifo zamehlo, ukhuseleko lwamehlo