Masifumanise ngenqanaba lakho le-AST. (I-Aspartate Transferase - AST) Kuthetha ukuthini oko?

Mhlawumbi ukhe wabona ixabiso elibizwa ngokuba yi-AST kwingxelo yovavanyo lwegazi, okanye uve ugqirha ethetha ngalo. Ngoko ke, mhlawumbi uyazibuza, "Lithetha ukuthini i-AST?" Ungakhathazeki, masithethe ngalo ngokulula. Njengokuba ubuya kuthetha nomhlobo.

Yintoni i-AST? Ngamafutshane...

I-AST ligama elifutshane le-enzyme i-Aspartate Transferase . Ngamanye amaxesha ikwabizwa ngokuba yi -Aspartate Aminotransferase . Ngoku usenokuba uzibuza, "Yintoni le enzyme?"

Khawucinge nje, kukho inani elincinci labasebenzi abancinci emizimbeni yethu abanceda izinto ezahlukeneyo ukuba zisebenze ngokufanelekileyo. Ii-enzymes zinjalo. Ngokwenene luhlobo lweproteni. Le enzyme ebizwa ngokuba yi-AST ifumaneka kwiindawo ezininzi emizimbeni yethu. Ifumaneka kakhulu esibindini . Kodwa ukongeza, le enzyme ye-AST ifumaneka kwezinye izicwili ezininzi ezifana nentliziyo, ingqondo, i-pancreas, izintso kunye nemisipha. Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lwexesha, xa sithetha nge-AST, idla ngokunxulumene nempilo yesibindi sethu.

Ngoko ke yintoni uvavanyo lwegazi lwe-AST?

Uvavanyo lwegazi lwe-AST lulinganisa ubungakanani be-AST egazini lakho. Ngokwesiqhelo, xa iiseli zomzimba wethu zonakele, le enzyme ye-AST inokuqokelelana egazini. Ke ngoko, inqanaba eliphezulu le-AST kwisampuli yegazi luphawu lokuba kukho into engalunganga emzimbeni. Rhoqo (kodwa hayi rhoqo) oku kunokuba sisifo sesibindi.

Nangona kunjalo, i-AST ayifumaneki esibindini kuphela. Ke ngoko, kunzima kugqirha ukuxelela ukuba loluphi uhlobo lwesifo onaso ngokusekelwe kumanqanaba e-AST kuphela. Rhoqo, uvavanyo lwe-AST lwenziwa kunye nezinye iimvavanyo ezininzi. Umzekelo, lwenziwa njengenxalenye yephaneli ye-enzyme yesibindi (i-HFP) okanye iphaneli epheleleyo ye-metabolic (i-CMP) . Oku kukuvumela ukuba ulinganise izinto ezininzi kwisampuli enye yegazi kwaye ufumane umfanekiso opheleleyo wempilo yakho.

Uvavanyo lwe-AST lunamagama amaninzi alandelayo:

• I-Aspartate transferase (AST).
• I-aspartate aminotransferase (AST).
• I-Serum Glutamic-Oxaloacetic Transaminase (SGOT).
• I-SGOT.
• I-transaminase ye-aspartate.

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwe-AST kunye ne-ALT?

Usenokuba ukhe weva ngelinye ixabiso elibizwa ngokuba yi-ALT kunye ne-AST. I-ALT (i-Alanine Transferase) yenye i-enzyme elinganiswa esibindini. Zombini ezi zinto zikhutshwa egazini xa iiseli zesibindi zonakele.

Nangona kunjalo, ngokungafaniyo ne-AST, i-ALT yi-enzyme efumaneka kakhulu esibindini. I-AST ifumaneka kwezinye iindawo ezininzi zomzimba. Ke ngoko, amanqanaba aphezulu e-ALT athathwa njengophawu olucacileyo lwesifo sesibindi kunamanqanaba aphezulu e-AST . Nangona kunjalo, xa ugqirha ejonga impilo yesibindi, uhlala ejonga zombini i-AST kunye ne-ALT kunye.

Kutheni ndifuna uvavanyo lwe-AST?

Eyona njongo iphambili yovavanyo lwe-AST kukufumanisa umonakalo kwiiseli emzimbeni wethu. Oku kunceda ekufumaneni iingxaki zesibindi, ingakumbi ukuba iiseli esibindini zonakele, njengoko i-AST iqokelelana egazini. Kwakhona, njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, amanqanaba e-AST anokunyuswa nokuba iiseli zonakele kwenye indawo emzimbeni.

Ugqirha angakucela ukuba wenze uvavanyo lwe-AST (ngokuqhelekileyo njengenxalenye yephaneli) ngezizathu ezinje:

1. Ukuhlolwa ngaphambi kokuba iimpawu zibonakale

Abanye abantu basengozini enkulu yokuba nesifo sesibindi. Ukuba unayo nayiphi na kwezi zinto zinobungozi, ungenza olu vavanyo ukujonga impilo yesibindi sakho ngaphambi kokuba kuvele iimpawu. Ezi zinto zinobungozi ziquka:

• Ukusetyenziswa kotywala ngokugqithisileyo.
• Ukuba nesifo sesibindi kusapho.
• Isifo seswekile.
• Ukutyeba kakhulu (ukwanda kwamafutha emzimbeni).
• Ukutofa iziyobisi ngeenaliti ezisetyenziswa ngabanye abantu.

Ngamanye amaxesha, uvavanyo lwe-AST lufakwa kwiComprehensive Metabolic Panel (CMP) njengenxalenye yovavanyo lwempilo oluqhelekileyo, ngoko ke unokufuna ukwenza olu vavanyo nokuba awukho semngciphekweni wesifo sesibindi.

2. Jonga imeko (Ukubeka esweni)

Ukuba sele unesifo sesibindi, ugqirha wakho unokuyalela olu vavanyo lwe-AST ukuze abone ukuba luyaphola na, luya lusiba mandundu, okanye ukuba luqhuba kakuhle kangakanani na ngonyango. Kwakhona, ukuba uthatha amayeza anokuchaphazela isibindi, olu vavanyo lwenziwa ukuze kubonwe ukuba amayeza abangela umonakalo kwisibindi.

3. Njengoncedo ekuxilongweni (Ukuxilonga)

Ukuba uneempawu zesifo sesibindi, uvavanyo lwe-AST lungabandakanywa kwiimvavanyo ukunceda ekuxilongeni. Nangona amanqanaba e-AST ewodwa engenako ukufumanisa isifo, ayinxalenye ebalulekileyo yenkqubo yokuxilonga.

Ezinye zeempawu zesifo sesibindi zezi:

• Isicaphucaphu kunye/okanye ukuhlanza.
• Intlungu yesisu (intlungu yesisu).
• Ulusu olurhawuzelelayo.
• I-Jaundice (ukutyheli kolusu kunye namhlophe emehlweni).
• Ukudinwa rhoqo (ukudinwa).
• Ukutya akunancasa.

Ngubani ovavanya igazi le-AST? Kwenziwa njani oku?

Ngokwesiqhelo, umntu oqeqeshwe ngokukodwa ukuthatha iisampulu zegazi, obizwa ngokuba yi-phlebotomist, uthatha le sampuli yegazi. Nangona kunjalo, nawuphi na umboneleli wezempilo oqeqeshwe ukuthatha igazi angakwenza oku. Emva koko isampuli ithunyelwa kwilabhoratri. Apho, isazinzulu selabhoratri yezonyango sihlola isampuli size silinganise inqanaba le-AST sisebenzisa oomatshini abakhethekileyo (ii-analyzers).

Ngaba kukho into ekufuneka ndiyenze ngaphambi kovavanyo?

• Ukuzila Ukutya: Ukuba uvavanyo lwakho lwe-AST luyinxalenye yeComprehensive Metabolic Panel (CMP), ungacelwa ukuba uzile ukutya (ungatyi okanye usele nantoni na ngaphandle kwamanzi) iiyure ezili-10-12 ngaphambi kovavanyo lwakho lwegazi. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba wenza uvavanyo lwe-AST kuphela okanye iHepatic Function Panel (HFP) kuphela, awudingi kuzila ukutya. Nangona kunjalo,Landela imiyalelo kagqirha wakho ngokuchanekileyo.
• Ulwazi Ngamayeza: Ufanele uxelele ugqirha wakho malunga nawo onke amayeza, iivithamini, kunye nezongezo ozithathayo. Amanye amayeza anokuchaphazela amanqanaba e-AST. Ugqirha wakho angakucela ukuba uyeke ukuwasebenzisa kwiintsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi kovavanyo, ngaphandle kokuba uxelelwe ukuba uyeke. Ungaze uyeke ukuthatha nawaphi na amayeza ngaphandle kwengcebiso kagqirha wakho.

Kwenzeka ntoni xa unikela ngegazi?

Oku kulula kakhulu.

• Uza kuhlaliswa esitulweni. Emva koko kuya kufunyanwa umthambo ofanelekileyo engalweni yakho (ngesiqhelo ngaphantsi kwengqiniba, ngaphakathi).
• Nje ukuba umthambo ufunyenwe, indawo iyacocwa ize ibulawe iintsholongwane.
• Emva koko, kufakwa inaliti encinci kuloo mthambo kwaye kuthathwa isampuli yegazi. Oku kunokubangela intlungu encinci, njengokulunywa imbovane.
• Emva kokufaka inaliti, igazi elincinci liqokelelwa kwityhubhu yovavanyo.
• Emva kokuba uqokelele igazi elaneleyo lovavanyo, susa inaliti uze ufake uxinzelelo kwindawo yokopha ngekotoni okanye i-gauze ukuze uyeke ukopha.
• Emva koko kufakwa iplasta kuloo ndawo uze umsebenzi ugqitywe.

Le nkqubo yonke idla ngokuthatha ngaphantsi kwemizuzu emihlanu.

Kwenzeka ntoni emva kokunikela ngegazi?

Emva kokuba isampuli yegazi ithunyelwe kwilebhu, iziphumo ziya kufumaneka emva kosuku olunye okanye ezimbini. Ngamanye amaxesha kungathatha ixesha elide. Ugqirha wakho uza kukuxelela ngeziphumo xa zifika.

Ngaba kukho umngcipheko kule nto?

Uvavanyo lwegazi luvavanyo oluqhelekileyo nolubalulekileyo. Iingozi ziphantsi kakhulu. Kusenokubakho ukukrweleka kunye nobuhlungu apho igazi litsalwa khona. Kodwa oko kuya kuphela ngokukhawuleza.

Zithetha ukuthini iziphumo zovavanyo lwe-AST?

Ingxelo yovavanyo lwegazi idla ngokuquka ulwazi olulandelayo kunye neziphumo ze-AST:

• Igama lovavanyo lwegazi (libizwa ngokuba yi-AST).
• Isixa (ixabiso) se-AST egazini lakho.
• Uluhlu oluqhelekileyo lolo vavanyo.
• Nokuba iziphumo zakho ziqhelekile okanye aziqhelekanga (ziphezulu okanye ziphantsi).

Ithini inqanaba eliqhelekileyo le-AST?

Uluhlu oluqhelekileyo lwe-AST lunokwahluka kancinci ukusuka kwilabhoratri ukuya kwenye. Uluhlu oluqhelekileyo oluqhelekileyo luyi -8 ukuya kwi-33 U/L (iiyunithi/ilitha) . Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukujonga uluhlu oluqhelekileyo kwingxelo yakho.

Kwakhona, khumbula, akukho nqanaba linye "eliqhelekileyo" le-AST elisebenzela wonke umntu. Inqanaba le-AST elisempilweni linokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwizinto ezifana nezi:

• iminyaka yakho.
• Ubufazi/ubudoda bakho.
• Uhlanga lwakho.
• Ubunzima bakho.

Ugqirha wakho uza kuqwalasela konke oku aze agqibe ngeziphumo zakho.

Kuthetha ukuthini ukuba inqanaba lam le-AST liphezulu?

Ukuba amanqanaba e-AST aphakanyisiwe, oko kungaba luphawu lwesifo sesibindi.Ukuba ezinye iimvavanyo zegazi, ingakumbi ezo zinxulumene nesibindi, nazo aziqhelekanga, kusenokwenzeka ukuba unesifo sesibindi. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, amanqanaba e-AST anokunyuka ukuba iiseli kwezinye iindawo zomzimba zonakele, ingakumbi kwisibindi.

Amanqanaba aphezulu e-AST angabonisa izifo zesibindi ezifana nezi:

• Umonakalo wesibindi obangelwa butywala.
• I-Hepatitis.
• Ukulimala kwesibindi (i-Cirrhosis).
• Ukusela amayeza anobungozi (anobungozi) kwisibindi.
• Umhlaza wesibindi okanye umhlaza wesibindi.
• Ukuncipha kokunikezelwa kwegazi esibindini (iLiver Ischemia) (oku kunokubangela ukuba izicubu zesibindi zife).

Ukongeza, iimeko ezingahambelani ngqo nesibindi zinokubangela amanqanaba aphezulu e-AST:

• Ukuqokelelwa kwesinyithi ngokugqithisileyo emzimbeni (iHemochromatosis) (oku konakalisa intliziyo, isibindi kunye nepancreas).
• Uhlaselo lwentliziyo (Myocardial Infarction).
• I-Mononucleosis ngumkhuhlane.
• Izifo zemisipha.
• Ukudumba kwepancreas (iPancreatitis).

Ukongeza kwezi zinto, amanqanaba e-AST anokunyuka okwethutyana emva kweziganeko ezifana nezi:

• Ukutsha okunzulu.
• Ukuxhuzula.
• Utyando okanye iinkqubo ezinxulumene nentliziyo.
• Utyando.
• Ukuzilolonga okunzulu.
• Ukuba ukhulelwe.

Into ebalulekileyo kukuba inqanaba eliphezulu le-AST akuthethi ukuba unesifo esinzulu. Zininzi nezinye izinto ezinokuchaphazela oku. Ugqirha wakho uza kujonga ezinye iimvavanyo zegazi, imbali yakho yezonyango, nayo yonke enye into ukuze enze isigqibo.

Ngaba kufuneka ndikhathazeke ukuba iziphumo zam ze-AST ziphezulu?

Ukuba inqanaba lakho le-AST liphezulu kunomlinganiselo oqhelekileyo onikiweyo kwingxelo yakho yovavanyo lwe-AST, akuthethi ukuba unesifo esifuna unyango. Kwanomntu onesibindi esisempilweni nesisebenza kakuhle unokuba nenqanaba le-AST elingaphaya komlinganiselo oqhelekileyo. Oku kunokuba ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi, umzekelo:

• iminyaka yakho.
• Ubufazi/ubudoda bakho.
• Uhlanga lwakho.
• Ukutya kwakho.
• Ukuzilolonga.
• Ukuthatha amayeza achaphazela amanqanaba e-AST.
• Ukhulelwe.

Ugqirha wakho uza kuqwalasela zonke ezi zinto, kunye nezinye iziphumo zovavanyo lwakho lwegazi, aze agqibe kwelokuba ufuna olunye uvavanyo na.

Ukuba iziphumo zam ze-AST aziqhelekanga, ngaba kuya kufuneka ndenze olunye uvavanyo?

Ewe, ukuba inqanaba lakho le-AST aliqhelekanga, ugqirha wakho unokuyalela ezinye iimvavanyo ezimbalwa. Ezi mvavanyo ziquka:

• Phinda uvavanyo lwegazi lwe-AST.
• Ezinye iimvavanyo zegazi (umz. i-ALT, iBilirubin).
• Uvavanyo lwemifanekiso (umz. i-Ultrasound scan).
• I-biopsy.

Ndifanele ndimtsalele umnxeba nini ugqirha?

• Ukuba uneempawu zokonakala kwesibindi (umz. i-jaundice, iintlungu zesisu), tsalela umnxeba ugqirha wakho ngokukhawuleza.
• Ukuba sele uyazi ukuba unesifo sesibindi, xelela ugqirha wakho ukuba ubonakalisa iimpawu ezintsha okanye ezixhalabisayo.
• Ukuba unemibuzo malunga neziphumo zakho ze-AST, ungoyiki ukubuza ugqirha wakho.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo ekufuneka uyikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Kuqhelekile ukuba nexhala kancinci xa ubona ixabiso elingaqhelekanga kwingxelo yovavanyo lwegazi. Kodwa khumbula, ukuba nje inqanaba lakho le-AST liphezulu akuthethi ukuba unesifo okanye udinga unyango. Izinto ezininzi zinokuchaphazela amanqanaba e-AST. Malunga nomntu omnye kwabangama-20 abasempilweni unokufumana iziphumo ezingaphaya komlinganiselo oqhelekileyo.

Ugqirha wakho uza kugqiba ukuba ufuna ukwenza naluphi na olunye uvavanyo ukuze kufunyanwe unobangela wale xabiso lingaqhelekanga. Ngoko ke, ungoyiki ukuthetha nogqirha wakho ngale nto. Bakho ukukunceda. Uyayazi?

` I-AST, isibindi, ii-enzymes, uvavanyo lwegazi, i-SGOT, isifo sesibindi, uvavanyo lwempilo