Umphathi omncinci wengqondo yakho: Masifunde nge-hypothalamus.

Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngenxalenye ebaluleke kakhulu yomzimba wethu, kodwa engaziwayo kangako. Eli lilungu elimangalisayo elibizwa ngokuba yiHypothalamus, elikwingqondo yethu, elisebenza 'njengenkqubo yokulawula ekrelekrele' yomzimba wethu. Khawucinge nje ukuba umzimba wethu ubuya kuba nesiphithiphithi esingakanani ngaphandle kwale nxalenye incinci!

Yintoni i-hypothalamus? Yintoni eyenzayo?

Ngamafutshane, i-hypothalamus yinxalenye encinci, kodwa enamandla kakhulu, yengqondo yakho ekhuselekileyo kakhulu. Ilingana ne-cashew nut. Yibhulorho ephambili phakathi kwenkqubo yakho ye-endocrine , eyinkqubo evelisa iihomoni, kunye nenkqubo yakho yemithambo-luvo .

Khawuthelekelele ukuba une-'smart home system' ekhayeni lakho. Ilawula ngokuzenzekelayo yonke into engaphakathi endlwini, kuquka izibane, iifeni, i-AC, kunye nokhuseleko, akunjalo? Ngendlela efanayo, i-hypothalamus ifana nesikhungo 'solawulo olukrelekrele' somzimba wethu. Yiyo enceda ukugcina yonke into emzimbeni ilungelelene kwaye ngendlela eyiyo. Kwizonyango, sibiza oku ngokuba yi -'Homeostasis' .

Ngoku jonga izinto azilawulayo:

• Ubushushu bomzimba wakho
• Ifuthe legazi
• Indlala nonxano
• Ukuziva ugcwele emva kokutya
• Isimo sakho sengqondo
• Umnqweno wesondo
• Ukulala

I-hypothalamus isebenza ngeendlela ezimbini ukugcina konke oku kusebenza kakuhle. Enye kukuyichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo inkqubo ye-autonomic nervous . Oku kukulawula izinto esingazilawuli ngabom, njengokubetha kwentliziyo yethu kunye nokuphefumla. Enye kukulawula iihomoni . Iihomoni zifana nabathunywa bomzimba wethu. Zihamba ngegazi kwaye zithwale imiyalezo kwizitho ezahlukeneyo. I-hypothalamus yenza iihomoni ezithile kwaye izigcine kwi-posterior pituitary . Ikwathumela imiqondiso (iihomoni) kwi-pituitary gland . Ezi miqondiso zinokubangela ukuba i-pituitary gland ikhuphe iihomoni ezichaphazela inxalenye yomzimba ngokuthe ngqo, okanye zithumela imiqondiso kwenye i-gland, ethi emva koko ikhuphe iihomoni.

Luluphi ulwalamano phakathi kwe-hypothalamus kunye ne-pituitary gland?

I-pituitary gland ikwindawo engaphantsi kwe-hypothalamus. Ezi zimbini zisebenza ngokusondeleyo kakhulu. I-pituitary gland ineenxalenye ezimbini eziphambili: i-anterior pituitary kunye ne-posterior pituitary . I-hypothalamus inxibelelana nezi nxalenye zimbini ngendlela ekhethekileyo.

Iqhagamshelwe kwi-anterior pituitary ngenethiwekhi yemithambo yegazi. Iqhagamshelwe kwi-posterior pituitary ngethishu ebizwa ngokuba yi-pituitary stalk. I-hypothalamus ithumela imiqondiso kwi-pituitary gland ngendlela yokukhupha ii-hormone, iyixelela ukuba ikhuphe le hormone.

Indlela yokusebenza ne-Anterior Pituitary

I-anterior pituitary gland ikhupha iihomoni ezahlukeneyo ngokusekelwe kwimiqondiso evela kwi-hypothalamus. Ezinye zezi homoni zichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo amalungu omzimba, ngelixa ezinye zivuselela ezinye iihomoni ukuba zikhuphe iihomoni ezingaphezulu. Oku kunokuvakala kunzima, kodwa eneneni yi-chain reaction. Umzekelo, i-growth hormone kunye ne -thyroid-stimulating hormone zilawulwa ngale ndlela.

Indlela yokusebenza ngePosterior Pituitary

Apha, kwenzeka into eyahlukileyo kancinci. I-hypothalamus ngokwayo yenza iihomoni ezimbini, kodwa zigcinwa kwi-posterior pituitary. Xa kuyimfuneko, i-hypothalamus ithumela isignali yokukhupha ezi homoni egazini. Ezi homoni zimbini zezi:

• I-Oxytocin: Le yi-hormone ekhethekileyo. Inceda ukucutha izihlunu zesibeleko ngexesha lokubeleka kwaye ivuselela ukuncitshiswa kobisi ngexesha lokuncancisa. Kukholelwa ukuba ikwabandakanyeka ekubopheni, ekuvuseleleni ngokwesondo, ekuthembekeni, ekuqapheleni, kwimijikelo yokulala, nakwiimvakalelo zolonwabo.
• I-Vasopressin: Ekwabizwa ngokuba yi -antidiuretic hormone (ADH) , le hormone ilawula ubungakanani bamanzi emzimbeni, oko kuthetha ukuba ingakanani i-urine ekhutshwayo, kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi.

Ziziphi ezinye imisebenzi ye-hypothalamus?

Ukongeza kwiihomoni ezikhankanyiweyo ngaphambili, i-hypothalamus ivelisa ezinye iihomoni ezibalulekileyo.

• I-Dopamine: Le yi-'hormone yokuziva kamnandi'. Yiyo esenza sonwabe kwaye saneliseke. Yiyo esinika inkuthazo yokwenza into ethile. I-Dopamine ikwayenza enye into, oko kukuthi, ukuxelela i-pituitary gland ukuba iyeke ukukhupha i-hormone ebizwa ngokuba yi -prolactin .
• I-Somatostatin: Le hormone ithintela ukukhululwa kwezinye iihomoni ezininzi. Umzekelo, iyayekisa ukukhululwa kweehomoni ezifana ne -growth hormone , i-thyroid-stimulating hormone , i-cholecystokinin, kunye ne -insulin . Okumangalisayo kukuba, ezi homoni zikwalawula ukuveliswa kwe-somatostatin.

Ukongeza, i-hypothalamus ngokwayo ilungisa naluphi na ukungalingani kwizinto ezifana notshintsho lobushushu bomzimba, uxinzelelo, kunye nemizila yethu yemihla ngemihla yomzimba.

Iphi i-hypothalamus?

Nditshilo ngaphambili, ilingana ne-cashew nut ngobukhulu. I-hypothalamus ikwisiseko sobuchopho bakho, ngaphantsi kwe-thalamus nangaphezulu kwe-pituitary gland. Ngokuchanekileyo, ikwindawo ethe ngqo ngaphezulu kwe-brainstem.

Kwenzeka ntoni ukuba i-hypothalamus yonakele?

Ukuba i-hypothalamus yonakele ngandlela thile, ayikwazi ukwenza umsebenzi wayo ngokufanelekileyo. Le meko siyibiza ngokuba yi-hypothalamic dysfunction . Kunokubakho izizathu ezininzi zoku.

Izinto ezinokubangela ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-hypothalamic:

• Ukwenzakala entloko, umzekelo , ukwenzakala engqondweni okubuhlungu .
• Usulelo lobuchopho.
• Iithumba zobuchopho okanye ii-aneurysms zobuchopho ezenzeka ngaphakathi okanye ezijikeleze i-hypothalamus.
• Ukwehla kobunzima obugqithisileyo ngenxa yeengxaki zokutya, ezifana ne -bulimia okanye i-anorexia .
• Utyando lobuchopho.
• Unyango ngemitha kunye ne-chemotherapy .
• Iziphene zokuzalwa / Iimeko zokuzalwa ezibandakanya ingqondo okanye i-hypothalamus.
• Izifo zokudumba, umzekelo , i-multiple sclerosis kunye ne -neurosarcoidosis .
• Ezinye izifo zemfuza, umzekelo , ukungabikho kwehomoni yokukhula .

Iimeko ezinokubangelwa kukungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-hypothalamic:

Izifo ezahlukeneyo zinokwenzeka ngenxa yokungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-hypothalamus. Ngenxa yokuba i-hypothalamus kunye ne-pituitary gland zisebenza ngokusondeleyo, iimeko ezichaphazela naliphi na kwezi zimbini zikwabizwa ngokuba ziingxaki ze-hypothalamic-pituitary .

• I-Hypopituitarism: Oku kunokubangelwa kukonakala kwe-pituitary gland okanye i-hypothalamus.
• Isifo seswekile i-insipidus: Le meko yenzeka xa i-hypothalamus ingavelisi i-hormone vasopressin (ADH) ngokufanelekileyo. Oku kubangela ukuba izintso zikhuphe amanzi amaninzi, nto leyo ebangela ukuchama kakhulu kunye nokunxanwa kakhulu.
• Isifo sikaPrader-Willi: Esi sisifo semfuza. Kule meko, i-hypothalamus ayiva kakuhle xa isisu sigcwele emva kokutya. Ngenxa yoko, kukho umnqweno wokutya rhoqo kwaye kukho umngcipheko wokutyeba kakhulu.
• I-Kallmann syndrome: Le yimeko enxulumene nezifo ze-hypothalamus. Oku kunokubangela ukufikisa okulibazisekayo okanye ukungabikho kwabantwana.
• I-Acromegaly kunye ne -Pituitary gigantism: Ezi ziingxaki zokukhula ezingaqhelekanga ezibangelwa kukukhululwa kakhulu kwehomoni yokukhula kwi-pituitary gland.
• Isifo se-antidiuretic hormone engafanelekanga (i-SIADH): Oku kwenzeka xa inqanaba le-antidiuretic hormone (i-ADH) liphezulu kakhulu. Linokubangelwa sistroke, ukopha, usulelo, iingozi, umhlaza, kunye namanye amayeza.
• I-Central hypothyroidism: Le yimeko engaqhelekanga ebangelwa zizifo ze-hypothalamic kunye ne-pituitary. Isizathu esiphambili sisimila se-pituitary, umzekelo i-pituitary adenoma .
• I-functional hypothalamic amenorrhea: Le meko ibonakaliswa kukuyeka ukuya exesheni kangangeenyanga ezingaphezu kwezintathu kumfazi obeye exesheni rhoqo ngaphambili, okanye ngaphezulu kweenyanga ezintandathu kumfazi obeye exesheni ngokungacwangciswanga. Isizathu esiphambili soku kukungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-hypothalamic.
• I-Hyperprolactinemia: Oku kubangelwa kukwehla kwamanqanaba e-dopamine, nto leyo ekhokelela ekwandeni kwamanqanaba e-prolactin. Oku kunokubangelwa ziithumba okanye umonakalo kwiiseli zemithambo-luvo kwi-hypothalamus.

Ziziphi iimpawu zokungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-hypothalamic?

Iimpawu zokungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-hypothalamic zixhomekeke kuhlobo lwe-hormone echaphazelekayo kunye nokuba amanqanaba aloo hormone aphantsi okanye aphezulu. Ukuba kukho ingxaki kwi-hypothalamus, unokubona ezinye zezi mpawu:

• Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu okanye uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi
• Ukugcinwa kwamanzi okanye ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni
• Ukunciphisa okanye ukuzuza ubunzima, nokuba kukho utshintsho okanye akukho tshintsho kwindlela yokutya
• Ukungazali
• Impilo embi yamathambo
• Ukufikisa okulibazisekileyo
• Ukuphelelwa ngamandla kwemisipha kunye nobuthathaka
• Utshintsho oluqhelekileyo kubushushu bomzimba
• Ukungalali
• Ukudinga rhoqo ukuchama

Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule

I-hypothalamus esengqondweni yakho ifana neziko lomzimba 'lolawulo olukrelekrele'. Njengenkqubo yokulawula ezenzekelayo ekhayeni lakho, i-hypothalamus ilawula imisebenzi yomzimba.

Ichaphazela ngqo inkqubo yakho yemithambo-luvo ezimeleyo, ilawula izinto ezifana nesantya sentliziyo, uxinzelelo lwegazi, kunye nobushushu bomzimba. Ikwakhupha iihomoni kwaye iyalele ezinye iihomoni okanye amadlala ukuba zilawule ukulala, iimvakalelo, ukukhula kwemisipha namathambo, kunye nomnqweno wesondo, phakathi kwezinye izinto.

Iimeko ezahlukeneyo ezichaphazela i-hypothalamus zinokubangela iingxaki ezininzi zempilo. Ngoko ke ukuba unayo nayiphi na kwezi mpawu, kubalulekile ukufuna ingcebiso kagqirha. Khumbula, ukwaziswa ngolu lwazi kunokuba luncedo olukhulu ekunyamekeleni impilo yakho!

I- Hypothalamus, ubuchopho, iihomoni, i-pituitary gland, inkqubo ye-endocrine, inkqubo yemithambo-luvo, iimpawu