Masifunde ngakumbi nge-insulin. Kutheni ibaluleke kangaka emizimbeni yethu?

Mhlawumbi ukhe waliva igama elithi insulin, akunjalo? Mhlawumbi ukuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho onesifo seswekile, okanye ukuba wena unesifo seswekile, eli gama liqhelekile kakhulu. Ngoko ke, yintoni i-insulin? Kutheni ibaluleke kangaka emzimbeni wethu? Makhe sithethe ngayo ngokulula, ngendlela onokuyiqonda.

Yintoni i-insulin? Yintoni eyenzayo?

Ngamafutshane, i-insulin yi-hormone eveliswa ngokwemvelo emizimbeni yethu. Yenziwa sisitho esibizwa ngokuba yi-pancreas. Umsebenzi ophambili we-insulin kukunceda iiseli zomzimba wethu zisebenzise iswekile, okanye i-glucose ngokwezonyango, ekutyeni esikutyayo njengamandla.

Cinga ngale ndlela, iiseli emzimbeni wethu zifana nezindlu ezincinci. Ezi zindlu zifuna amandla ukuze zisebenze. Loo mandla avela kwi-glucose. Nangona kunjalo, ukuze le glucose ingene ezindlwini ezibizwa ngokuba ziiseli, ifuna isitshixo sokuvula ucango. Eso sitshixo yi-insulin. Xa i-insulin ivula iingcango zeeseli, i-glucose egazini ingena kwiiseli ize iguqulwe ibe ngamandla.

Ngoku uyayiqonda into ebalulekileyo ye-insulin, akunjalo? Ukuba ngesizathu esithile i-pancreas yethu ayivelisi i-insulin ngokufanelekileyo, okanye ukuba umzimba awukwazi ukuyisebenzisa i-insulin oyivelisa ngokufanelekileyo, loo glucose ayinakungena kwiiseli. Oko kwenzekayo kukuba inqanaba le-glucose egazini liyakhula. Oku sikubiza ngokuba yi- high blood glucose (hyperglycemia) . Ukuba le meko iyaqhubeka, siya kujongana nesifo esibizwa ngokuba sisifo seswekile.

Kukwakho neentlobo ze-insulin ezinikwa ngaphandle njengonyango lwabantu abanesifo seswekile. Siza kuthetha ngaloo nto kamva.

Ngaba i-insulin iyawanciphisa okanye iyawanyusa amanqanaba eswekile egazini?

Ewe, i-insulin yehlisa amanqanaba eswekile egazini lakho. Nguwo lowo umsebenzi wayo ophambili. Kodwa imizimba yethu isebenza ngendlela engaqhelekanga. Kukho enye i-hormone enceda ukugcina amanqanaba eswekile egazini elungelelene, kwaye yi-glucagon. Ngelixa i-insulin yehlisa iswekile egazini, i-glucagon inyusa amanqanaba eswekile egazini xa kufuneka. Ezi hormone zimbini zisebenza kunye ukugcina amanqanaba eswekile egazini lethu ekwinqanaba elifanelekileyo.

Nangona kunjalo, xa uthatha i-insulin ngaphandle njengonyango lwesifo seswekile, ngamanye amaxesha ukuba uthatha ngaphezu komlinganiselo ofunekayo, inqanaba leswekile yakho egazini linokwehla kakhulu. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-hypoglycemia . Ukuba oku kuyenzeka, kufuneka utye okanye usele iswekile ngokukhawuleza ukuze uyilungise. Kukwakho neenaliti ze-glucagon ezinokuthi zinikwe ukuba iswekile yakho yegazi yehla kakhulu. Kungcono ukuthetha nogqirha wakho ngale nto.

Iveliswa phi i-insulin?

Njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, i-insulin iveliswa kwi-pancreas yethu. Ngokuchanekileyo, zii-beta cells kwii-clusters ezikhethekileyo zeeseli ezibizwa ngokuba zii-islets zeLangerhans kwi-pancreas.Le hormone i-insulin iveliswa yipancreas. Le yinkqubo ye-endocrine . Oko kukuthi, i-insulin eveliswayo ikhutshwa ngqo egazini.

Ipancreas ikwanomsebenzi omnye, oyi- exocrine , okukhupha ii-enzymes ngemibhobho enceda ekugayeni ukutya.

Ziziphi iimeko zonyango ezinokunxulunyaniswa ne-insulin?

Nokuba i-insulin iyancipha ngokwendalo, iyanda, okanye ayisebenzi kakuhle emzimbeni, iimeko ezahlukeneyo zonyango zinokwenzeka.

Iingxaki zesifo seswekile ezenzeka xa kungekho insulin yaneleyo

Ukuba i-insulin ayisebenzi kakuhle, amanqanaba eswekile egazini ayenyuka, nto leyo ekhokelela kwisifo seswekile. Ezinye iintlobo zesifo seswekile zinokubangelwa kukonakala kwepancreas:

• Uhlobo 1 lweswekile: Le yimeko yokuzikhusela komzimba . Ngamafutshane, inkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela ihlasela iiseli ze-beta ezenza i-insulin. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, imveliso yendalo yomzimba ye-insulin iphantse iphele ngokupheleleyo.
• Isifo seswekile sohlobo lwe-3c (esaziwa ngokuba sisifo seswekile se-pancreatogenic): Oku kwenzeka xa i-pancreas yonakele kwaye ingasavelisi i-insulin. Esi simo sinokubangelwa zizifo ezifana ne -pancreatitis engapheliyo kunye ne-cystic fibrosis . Singenzeka nasemva kokuba i-pancreas isusiwe ngotyando (pancreatectomy).
• Isifo seswekile esingabonakaliyo kubantu abadala (i-LADA): Oku kubangelwa nayimpendulo yokuzikhusela komzimba, njengesifo seswekile sohlobo loku-1. Nangona kunjalo, sikhula kancinci. I-LADA idla ngokufunyaniswa kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-30 ubudala.

Iimeko ezibangelwa kukunganyamezelani ne-insulin

Oku kukwangunobangela omkhulu wesifo seswekile. Ukuxhathisa i-insulin kwenzeka xa izihlunu zethu, amafutha kunye neeseli zesibindi zingasabeli kakuhle kwi-insulin. Kufana nesitshixo esikwisitshixo somnyango esingasebenziyo. Oku kunokukhokelela kwiimeko ezifana nezi:

• I-Prediabetes: Le yimeko apho amanqanaba eswekile egazini aphezulu kunesiqhelo, kodwa engekho phezulu ngokwaneleyo ukuba abizwe ngokuba sisifo seswekile sohlobo lwesibini. Ukumelana ne-insulin yeyona nto iphambili.
• Uhlobo lwesibini lwesifo seswekile: Le meko yenzeka xa ukumelana ne-insulin kusanda ukuya kwinqanaba apho i-pancreas ingakwazi ukuyilawula, nto leyo ebangela ukuba amanqanaba eswekile egazini anyuke.
• Isifo seswekile sokukhulelwa:Le yimeko enokuthi ivele ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Abaphandi bakholelwa ukuba iihomoni ezikhutshwa yi-placenta zibangela ukuxhathisa i-insulin. Ukuba i-pancreas ayikwazi ukoyisa oku kuxhathisa, isifo seswekile sokukhulelwa siyakhula. Nangona kunjalo, oku kudla ngokuphucuka emva kokuba umntwana ezelwe.

Ukongeza, kukho uhlobo lwesifo seswekile olubizwa ngokuba yiMaturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) . Oku kukwabizwa ngokuba yi-monogenic diabetes . Kubangelwa kukuguquka kwesifo seswekile okudluliselwa kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana kwaye kuchaphazela indlela umzimba ovelisa kwaye usebenzisa ngayo i-insulin.

Ingxaki ebangelwa yi-insulin eninzi kakhulu

Ithumba elingaqhelekanga kakhulu elibizwa ngokuba yi-insulinoma linokubangela ukuba i-pancreas ivelise i-insulin eninzi kakhulu. Oku kunokubangela iswekile yegazi ephantsi rhoqo, ngamanye amaxesha enzima. Kwiimeko ezininzi, ezi insulinomas zinokunyangwa ngotyando.

Ziziphi iintlobo ze-insulin ezikhoyo kwisifo seswekile?

Kukho iintlobo ezininzi ze-insulin ezifumanekayo ukunyanga isifo seswekile. Uninzi luza ngendlela yokutofa - nokuba ngenaliti, ipeni okanye ipompo. Kukwakho nee-insulin eziphefumlwayo. Ukuba unesifo seswekile, ugqirha wakho uya kugqiba uhlobo kunye nedosi efanelekileyo kuwe. Idosi ingalungiswa njengoko kufuneka.

Iindidi ze-insulin zahlulwe ngokubanzi ngokusekwe ekubeni zisebenza ngokukhawuleza kangakanani kwaye zihlala ixesha elingakanani emzimbeni .

• I-insulin esebenza ngokukhawuleza: Olu hlobo lwe-insulin luqala ukusebenza kwimizuzu emi-5 ukuya kwengama-20 kwaye luhlala malunga neeyure ezi-3-5. Lusebenza ngcono emva kweyure enye ukuya kwezimbini emva kokutofwa. I-insulin glulisine yenye yezi ntlobo. I-insulin efunxwayo nayo iwela kolu didi. Ezi zihlala zithathwa ngaphambi kokutya.
• I-insulin eqhelekileyo okanye i-insulin esebenza ixesha elifutshane: Ezi ziquka iNovolin R® kunye neHumulin R® . Ziqala ukusebenza kwimizuzu engama-30-45 emva kokutofwa kwaye zihlala malunga neeyure ezi-5-8. Zifikelela kwincopho emva kweeyure ezi-2-4 emva kokutofwa.
• I-insulin esebenza phakathi: Olu hlobo luthatha malunga neeyure ezimbini ukuqala ukusebenza. Lusebenza kakuhle phakathi kweeyure ezi-4 ukuya kwezili-12 emva kokutofwa. Luhlala malunga neeyure ezili-14-24. I-Isophane insulin (NPH) yenye yezi ntlobo.
• I-insulin ehlala ixesha elide: Olu hlobo lwe-insulin luthatha malunga neyure ukufikelela egazini kwaye luqale ukusebenza. Lusebenza kakuhle phakathi kweeyure ezi-3 ukuya kwezili-14 emva kokufakwa. Luhlala malunga nosuku. I-insulin glargine ngumzekelo wolu hlobo.
• I-insulin esebenza ixesha elide kakhulu: Olu hlobo lwe-insulin luthatha malunga neeyure ezintandathu ukufikelela egazini kwaye luhlala lusebenza kwinqanaba elifanayo kangangeeyure ezininzi (oko kuthetha ukuba alufikeleli kwinqanaba eliphezulu ngaxeshanye). Luhlala malunga neentsuku ezimbini. I-insulin degludec yenye yezi ntlobo.

Kubalulekile: Soloko ulandela imiyalelo kagqirha wakho yohlobo, idosi, kunye nendlela ye-insulin echazwe kuwe. Ungaze utshintshe idosi yakho ye-insulin ngaphandle kokubonisana nogqirha.

Ngaba kukho naziphi na iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zonyango lwe-insulin?

Eyona ngxaki ixhaphakileyo yonyango lwe-insulin kukwehla kwamanqanaba eswekile egazini (hypoglycemia) okubangelwa kukuthatha i-insulin eninzi kakhulu.

Ngaphandle koko, kukho ezinye iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinokwenzeka rhoqo:

• Iimpendulo zesikhumba kwiindawo zokufaka i-insulin: Xa i-insulin ifakwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwindawo enye, amafutha anokuqokelelana phantsi kwesikhumba, enze amaqhuma. Okanye, amafutha anokuqhekeka aze enze amaqhuma eluswini. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi -localized lipodystrophy . Oku kunokunciphisa ukufunxwa kwe-insulin. Yiyo loo nto kubalulekile ukujikeleza iindawo zokufaka i-insulin rhoqo.
• I-allergy kwi-insulin: Abanye abantu banokuba ne-allergy kwiintlobo ezithile ze-insulin. Oku kunokubangela iintlungu, ukutsha, emva koko kubangele utshintsho kumbala wolusu, ukurhawuzelela, kunye nokudumba kwindawo efakwe inaliti kangangeeyure ezimbalwa.
• Ii-antibodies ze-insulin: Azifane zenzeke, kuba i-insulin enikwa ngaphandle yahlukile kancinci kwi-insulin yendalo eveliswa emzimbeni, umzimba wethu unokwenza ii-antibodies ezichasene nayo. Ezi antibodies zinokuthintela i-insulin enikwa ngaphandle ukuba isebenze kakuhle. Kwimeko enjalo, kunokufuneka uthathe iidosi ezinkulu kakhulu ze-insulin.

Zeziphi iindawo ezifanelekileyo zokufaka i-insulin?

Ungayijova i-insulin kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo emzimbeni wakho. Ngokubanzi, iindawo ezilungileyo zokufaka i-insulin ziindawo apho unamafutha khona (iithishu zamafutha). Nazi:

• Indawo yesisu sakho - kodwa ubuncinane iisentimitha ezi-5 ukusuka enkabeni yakho.
• Ngaphambili okanye emacaleni eethanga zakho.
• Umva weengalo zakho ezingaphezulu.
• Intlango yeempundu zakho.

Njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, kufuneka ujike indawo ofaka kuyo i-insulin ukuze uphephe iingxaki zolusu. Ukuba ufaka enye indawo namhlanje, yifake kwenye indawo ngosuku olulandelayo. Ungabuza ugqirha wakho okanye ingcali yokhathalelo lwesifo seswekile ukuze ufumane ulwazi oluthe kratya malunga noku.

Ngaba kukho into efana nenqanaba eliqhelekileyo le-insulin?

Enyanisweni, akukho "nto iqhelekileyo" kumanqanaba e-insulin. Oku kungenxa yokuba wonke umntu wahlukile, kwaye iimfuno zakho ze-insulin zingahluka kakhulu ukusuka kwiyure ukuya kwiyure imini yonke. Kukho izinto ezininzi ezinokuchaphazela amanqanaba akho e-insulin:

• Uhlobo kunye nobungakanani bokutya okutyayo (ingakumbi ukutya okuneekhabhohayidreyithi).
• Utya nini kwaye utya kangaphi .
• Inqanaba lomsebenzi wakho kunye nohlobo lomthambo owenzayo (umzekelo, i-cardio okanye i-weightlifting).
• Nokuba uyagula okanye uxinezelekile .
• Uvukile okanye ulele?
• Ezinye iintlobo zeehomoni.
• Amanye amayeza, anjenge -corticosteroids .

Kwakhona, akukho vavanyo oluqhelekileyo olujonga kuphela amanqanaba akho e-insulin. Amaxesha amaninzi, amanqanaba eswekile egazini ayajongwa.

Ngaba abantu abanesifo seswekile sohlobo lwesibini basasidinga i-insulin?

Ayingabo bonke abantu abanesifo seswekile sohlobo lwesibini, kodwa abanye abantu, bafuna i-insulin ukuze balawule esi sifo kakuhle.

Kukho ezinye iintlobo ezininzi zamayeza esifo seswekile sohlobo lwesibini. Umzekelo, iipilisi eziselwayo kunye neenaliti ze-agonist ze-GLP-1 . La mayeza asebenza ukulwa nokuxhathisa i-insulin ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ukuxhathisa i-insulin kukhulu, la mayeza ewodwa asenokunganeli ukugcina amanqanaba eswekile egazini esempilweni. Kulapho ke kufuneka khona i-insulin.

Umntu onesifo seswekile angaphila ixesha elingakanani ngaphandle kwe-insulin?

Umntu onesifo seswekile esixhomekeke kwi-insulin ufuna i-insulin yangaphandle ukuze aphile. Ngaphandle kwayo, ingxaki esongela ubomi ebizwa ngokuba yi -Diabetes-related Ketoacidosis (DKA) inokukhula.

I-DKA yingxaki eyenzeka ngequbuliso, enzima. Ingavela kwiiyure ezingama-24. Ingavela ngokukhawuleza ngakumbi ukuba uyahlanza. Kubalulekile ukubiza ugqirha okanye uye esibhedlele kwangoko nje ukuba ufumana iimpawu ze-DKA. Ukuba ayinyangwa, i-DKA ingabulala.

Izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka sizikhumbule kwizinto esithethe ngazo (Umyalezo Wokubuyela Ekhaya)

Ngoko ke, mhlawumbi ngoku uyaqonda ukuba i-insulin yi-hormone ebalulekileyo enceda imizimba yethu ihlale isempilweni kwaye isebenze kakuhle.

• I-insulin yi-hormone yendalo eveliswa yi-pancreas yethu. Inceda ekuthuthweni kweswekile (i-glucose) egazini ukuya kwiiseli kwaye idale amandla.
• Ukuba umzimba wakho awukwazi ukwenza i-insulin eyaneleyo okanye ukuyisebenzisa ngokufanelekileyo, ugqirha wakho unokukunika i-insulin yangaphandle njengonyango lwesifo seswekile.
• Ukuba unikwe i-insulin, yisebenzise kanye njengoko ugqirha wakho ekuxelele.Landela idosi, ixesha, kunye nendawo yokutofa ngokuchanekileyo.
• Ukuba ufumana iimpawu ze-hypoglycemia (umz., ukubila, ukungcangcazela, ukuphelelwa ngamandla, ukubetha kwentliziyo ngokukhawuleza), thatha iswekile ngoko nangoko.
• Ukuba uneempawu ze-diabetesic ketoacidosis (DKA) (umz., ukoma kakhulu, ukuchama rhoqo, isicaphucaphu, ukuhlanza, iintlungu zesisu, ubunzima bokuphefumla, ivumba lomphefumlo elifana neziqhamo) , funa ingcebiso kagqirha ngokukhawuleza.

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhathalela impilo yakho. Ukuba unemibuzo malunga ne-insulin okanye isifo seswekile, ungathandabuzi ukuthetha nogqirha wakho.

I - insulin, isifo seswekile, iswekile yegazi, i-pancreas, iihomoni, unyango lweswekile, iintlobo ze-insulin