Xa ugqirha ekuxelela ukuba umntwana wakho une-ADHD ( Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) aze akuxelele ukuba uqalise amayeza ayo, kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukuba njengomzali uzive uthwele umthwalo omkhulu entliziyweni yakho. "Kuza kwenzeka ntoni ukuba ndinika umntwana wam amayeza?", "Ngaba oku kuya kumlimaza?", njl. Imibuzo emininzi isenokufika engqondweni. Kodwa ungakhathazeki. Kweli nqaku, siza kuthetha ngale nto ngokulula ukuze siphendule imibuzo yakho. Siza kuzichaza ezi zinto nganye nganye, njengokuba ubuya kuthetha nomhlobo wakho.
Ngaba unyango olufanayo luyasebenza kumntwana ngamnye?
Hayi. Le yinto yokuqala ekufuneka siyiqonde. Indlela ephathwa ngayo i-ADHD yahlukile kumntwana ngamnye. Khawucinge nje, nokuba abantwana abalishumi kwiklasi enye bane-ADHD, isicwangciso sonyango esinikwa bonke abalishumi sinokwahluka. Isizathu soku kukuba iimpawu zomntwana ngamnye, impembelelo yakhe, kunye neemfuno zakhe zahlukile.
Oogqirha badla ngokuceba unyango olunje:
- Kubantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-6 ubudala: Iingcali zihlala zicebisa ukuba baqale ngonyango lokuziphatha ngaphambi kokuba banike amayeza.
- Kubantwana abaneminyaka engaphezu kwemithandathu ubudala: Kubantwana abakule minyaka, indibaniselwano yamayeza kunye nonyango lokuziphatha kuthathwa njengeyona ndlela isebenzayo.
Ugqirha onyanga umntwana wakho uza kukhetha eyona ifanele umntwana wakho kwezi ndlela.
- Mhlawumbi luhlobo olunye kuphela lonyango olunikwayo.
- Okanye, kunokwenziwa indibaniselwano yamayeza aliqela (esiyibiza ngokuba lunyango oluncedisayo).
- Unyango lokuziphatha ludla ngokucetyiswa kunye namayeza.
Into ebalulekileyo kukuba ugqirha angatshintsha uhlobo lwamayeza okanye umthamo ade afumane unyango olulungele umntwana wakho. Ngoko ke ungakhathazeki.
Ngawaphi amayeza aphambili asetyenziselwa i-ADHD?
Kukho iintlobo ezintathu eziphambili zamayeza asetyenziswa ukunyanga i-ADHD. Makhe sijonge ukuba zeziphi.
1. Izinto ezivuselelayo
2. izinto ezingezizo ezivuselelayo
3. Amayeza okudakumba
Ngoku masithethe ngolunye nolunye lwezi ntlobo ngokwahlukeneyo, ngokweenkcukacha.
Masiqale sithethe ngezinto ezivuselelayo.
Rhoqo, ugqirha wakho uya kuqalisa umntwana wakho ngedosi ephantsi yolu hlobo lwamayeza. La mayeza ngamayeza exesha elide, avavanyiweyo kakuhle e-ADHD. Anokuba luncedo kakhulu kubantwana abanengxaki ngomsebenzi wesikolo, umsebenzi wesikolo, okanye ukunxibelelana nabantu.
Nangona ezi zibizwa ngokuba "zii-stimulants," ukuzithatha akumenzi umntwana abe nekratshi ngakumbi. Enyanisweni, kwenzeka okwahlukileyo koko. La mayeza anceda ukugcina ingqalelo yomntwana igxile kwaye ayeke ukuphazanyiswa zizinto ezingeyomfuneko .
Amayeza anjengee-stimulant
Nantsi eminye imizekelo yolu hlobo lwamayeza. Ugqirha wakho angakunika enye yala mayeza. (Ayizizo zonke ezi mpawu ezinokufumaneka eSri Lanka, kodwa la ngamayeza aphambili asetyenziswa kwihlabathi liphela.)
| Igama eliqhelekileyo leyeza | Amagama eeBrand |
|---|---|
| I-Amphetamine | I-Adderall, i-Adderall XR, i-Adzenys XR-ODT |
| I-Dexmethylphenidate | IFocalin, iFocalin XR |
| I-Lisdexamfetamine | Vyvanse |
| I-Methylphenidate | I-Concerta, i-Daytrana, i-Jornay, i-Ritalin |
| i-serdexmethylphenidate/ dexmethylphenidate | Ama-Azstarys |
Ubude bexesha lokusebenza kwale mayeza buyahluka.
La mayeza avuselelayo ahlulwe ngokwamaqela ahlukeneyo ngokusekwe kubude bexesha lokusebenza.
- Okusebenza ixesha elifutshane:Ezi zisebenza ngokukhawuleza kwaye zikhutshwa ngokukhawuleza emzimbeni. Ngoko ke kufuneka uzithathe izihlandlo ezininzi ngemini. Zihlala malunga neeyure ezi-4.
- Ezisebenza phakathi: Ezi zisebenza iiyure ezimbalwa ngaphezulu kunezo zisebenza ixesha elifutshane.
- Isebenza ixesha elide: Olu hlobo lwamayeza ludla ngokuthathwa kube kanye ngemini. Lunokuhlala malunga neeyure ezisi-8 ukuya kwezili-12. La mayeza alungele kakhulu abantwana abakwiminyaka yesikolo kuba banokunikwa elinye kusasa ukuze ligubungele usuku lonke.
Kubaluleke kakhulu: Ukuba umntwana wakho unezinye izifo (umz. isifo sentliziyo), okanye ukuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho oye wakha wanezi meko ezinjalo, kufuneka uxelele ugqirha wakho zonke ezi nkcukacha ngaphambi kokuba umnike eli yeza.
Ngoku makhe sibone ukuba zeziphi izinto ezingakhuthaziyo.
La ngamayeza angavuseleliyo ingqondo. Anokunceda nomntwana wakho ukuba agxile aze alawule iminqweno yakhe. Ukuba amayeza avuseleliyo akasebenzi kumntwana wakho, okanye ukuba abangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa amayeza angavuseleli ingqondo.
Ngamanye amaxesha olu hlobo lwamayeza lunikwa ukongeza kumayeza avuselelayo. Izifundo zibonise ukuba xa lunikwa ngale ndlela, impumelelo yonyango iba nkulu nangakumbi.
| Amayeza angavuseleliyo avunyiweyo kwi-ADHD | |
|---|---|
| I-Atomoxetine | (Strattera) |
| I-Clonidine hydrochloride ER | (eKapvay) |
| Guanfacine ER | (Intuniv) |
| I-Viloxazine | (Qelbree) |
- I-Atomoxetine (iStrattera):Eli yeza lisebenza ngokunyusa ubungakanani bekhemikhali ebizwa ngokuba yi-norepinephrine engqondweni. Oku kunceda ekunciphiseni ukusebenza ngokugqithisileyo komntwana kunye nokuziphatha ngokungxama.
- I-Clonidine kunye ne-Guanfacine: La mayeza ekuqaleni ayenzelwe ukunyanga uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, kodwa akwachaphazela nee-receptors ezithile zeekhemikhali engqondweni, ezinceda ekulawuleni inkumbulo yomntwana, ingqalelo, ukungabi namdla, kunye nokusebenza ngokugqithisileyo.
Ziziphi iimeko apho amayeza okudakumba anikwa khona?
Abanye abantwana abane-ADHD banokuba nezinye iingxaki zempilo yengqondo, ezinje ngokudakumba. Kwezi meko, ugqirha angakunika iyeza lokudakumba kunye namayeza okuvuselela ingqondo.
La mayeza awavunyelwanga ngokukodwa kwi-ADHD, kodwa uphando lubonise ukuba anokunceda ukulawula iimpawu ezinje ngokusebenza ngokugqithisileyo kunye nobundlobongela.
- I-Bupropion (iWellbutrin): Oku kunceda ukuphucula imeko-bume yabantwana abane-ADHD kunye nokudakumba.
- I-Imipramine (iTofranil) kunye neNortriptyline (iPamelor): Ezi zi-antidepressants ezindala. Zichaphazela ii-neurotransmitters engqondweni. Nangona kunjalo, azisetyenziswa rhoqo ngoku ngenxa yeziphumo ebezingalindelekanga.
- I-Venlafaxine (i-Effexor): Le ingasetyenziselwa abantwana abaneengxaki zokuxhalaba okanye zengqondo kunye ne-ADHD.
Qaphela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zamayeza.
Amayeza amaninzi e-ADHD anokuba nemiphumo emibi, ngoko ke ngaphambi kokuba umntwana wakho aqalise ukusebenzisa nayiphi na iyeza, buza ugqirha wakho ngemiphumo emibi enokubakho kunye noko kufuneka ukwazi.
Ukuba ubona naluphi na utshintsho olungaqhelekanga kwindlela umntwana wakho aziphethe ngayo ngelixa esela amayeza, xelela ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko. Kwakhona, xelela ugqirha wakho ukuba amayeza abonakala engasebenzi kakuhle okanye ukuba iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zibonakala zigqithisile.
Ungaze uyeke ukusebenzisa amayeza omntwana wakho ngaphandle kokuthetha nogqirha wakho. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu.
Ezinye iimeko ezinokubakho kunye ne-ADHD
Abantwana abaninzi abane-ADHD nabo banenye imeko okanye ezinye iimeko, ezinje ngokudakumba okanye ixhala. Eyona nto ingcono kukuba oogqirha banokunyanga zombini ezi meko ngaxeshanye. Ngamanye amaxesha, amayeza afanayo anokulawula zombini ezi meko. Ngoko ke vuleka kwaye uthembeke kugqirha wakho malunga naluphi na utshintsho oluphawulayo kwindlela umntwana wakho aziphethe ngayo.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Unyango lwe-ADHD luhlukile kwaye lwenzelwe umntwana ngamnye. Okusebenza komnye umntwana kusenokungasebenzi komnye.
- Amayeza yinxalenye enye yesicwangciso sonyango. Adla ngokusetyenziswa kakuhle xa edibene nonyango lokuziphatha.
- Kukho iintlobo ezintathu eziphambili zamayeza asetyenziswayo (Ii-stimulants, ii-Non-stimulants, ii-Antidepressants). Ugqirha wakho uza kukhetha eyona ifanelekileyo kumntwana wakho.
- Soloko uthetha nogqirha womntwana wakho malunga nendlela amayeza akhe asebenza ngayo kunye nokuba kukho naziphi na iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga. Oko ukubonayo kubaluleke kakhulu ekuphuhliseni isicwangciso sonyango.
- Ungaze utshintshe okanye uyeke ukuthatha amayeza omntwana wakho ngaphandle kwengcebiso kagqirha.
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