Umlingo onceda iliso libone! Masifunde nge-retina ngokulula.

Ngaba wakha wazibuza ukuba sibona njani izinto ezintle kweli hlabathi, imibala, abahlobo bethu, kunye nosapho lwethu ngokucacileyo kangaka? Kukho inkqubo emangalisayo neyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu eyenzeka ngaphakathi kwamehlo ethu. Enye yezona ndawo ziphambili zaloo nkqubo yi -retina , okanye njengoko sitsho ngesiNgesi , i-retina . Ngoko ke, namhlanje siza kuthetha ngale nxalenye ibaluleke kakhulu esinceda sibone (i-Retina) ngendlela elula onokuyiqonda.

Yintoni kanye kanye i-retina?

Ngamafutshane, i-retina yakho yilaphu leeseli ngasemva kwebhola yeliso lakho. Kufana nefilimu ekwikhamera. Xa ukukhanya okuvela ngaphandle kubetha i-retina, kuguqula oko kukhanya kube yimiqondiso yemithambo-luvo, eyimiyalezo emincinci yombane. Ezi miqondiso emva koko zihamba ngemithambo-luvo yakho ukuya engqondweni yakho. Ingqondo ihlalutya ezi zimpawu ize isixelele izinto ezinje, "Owu, nantsi intyatyambo," kunye "Nanku umama," nto leyo esinika umbono .

Khawucinge nje, ukuba le nxalenye yeliso ebizwa ngokuba yi-retina ayisebenzi kakuhle, indlela esibona ngayo ihlabathi inokutshintsha ngokupheleleyo. Ngamanye amaxesha umbono unokuba lufiphale, iindawo zeliso zinokulahleka, okanye zilahleke ngokupheleleyo. Kwiimeko ezininzi, umonakalo kwi-retina uhlala uhleli, kwaye ukuba awunyangwa ngokukhawuleza, kunzima ukubuyisela umbono kwakhona. Yiyo loo nto kubalulekile ukubona ugqirha ngokukhawuleza ukuba ubona utshintsho olukhawulezileyo emehlweni okanye ekuboneni kwakho.

Iphi i-retina? Zithini iindawo zayo?

I-retina yakho ikwindawo engasemva kweliso lakho. Ikwindawo enemibala yeliso lakho (esiyibiza ngokuba yi-iris) kunye nelensi. Xa ijoliswe ngokuchanekileyo, imisebe yokukhanya iyadibana ize iwele ngqo kwi-retina.

Kukho iindawo ezimbini eziphambili ze-retina. Nazi:

1. IMacula

2. I-Peripheral Retina

Makhe sijonge nganye kwezi ngokwahlukeneyo.

Inxalenye ebizwa ngokuba yi-macula

Le yindawo encinci ebuthathaka kakhulu embindini we-retina. I-macula yiyo esinceda sahlule ngokucacileyo iinkcukacha ezincinci kunye nemibala kwinto esiyibonayo. Khawuthelekelele, ufunda incwadi, ujonge ubuso bomhlobo, uqhuba imoto... Ezi ziiseli ezikhethekileyo kwi-macula ezibizwa ngokuba zii-cone cells . Ezi seli zezona zibonelela ngemibala kunye nombono obukhali.

I-macula yinxalenye ye-retina ebalulekileyo kumbono wethu ocacileyo, ocacileyo nonemibala.

Inxalenye ebizwa ngokuba yi-peripheral retina

Le yinxalenye enkulu ye-retina ejikeleze i-macula. Nokuba ujonge ngqo phambili, awukwazi ukubona izinto ezikungqongileyo.Oku kungenxa ye-peripheral retina. Kwakhona, ekukhanyeni okuphantsi, oko kukuthi, ebusuku, kufumaneka uhlobo olwahlukileyo lweeseli ezibonakala ekukhanyeni ezibizwa ngokuba zii- rod cells kule nxalenye. Nangona ezi zingekho nobuchule bokubona imibala, zisinceda sibone kumnyama namhlophe nakukukhanya okuphantsi.

Ziziphi izifo eziqhelekileyo ezichaphazela i-retina?

Ngelishwa, ezinye izifo ezininzi zamehlo zinokuchaphazela i-retina. Ezinye zeemeko eziqhelekileyo ziquka:

• Ukonakala kweMacular okunxulumene nobudala (AMD): Kulapho inxalenye yeliso ebizwa ngokuba yi-macula esithethe ngayo yonakala njengoko sikhula. Oku kwenza izinto ezifana nokubona kakuhle nokufunda kube nzima.
• I-Retinopathy enxulumene nesifo seswekile: Ngokuhamba kwexesha, abantu abanesifo seswekile banokonakala kwimithambo yegazi emehlweni abo, nto leyo echaphazela i-retina. Ukuba ayinyangwa, oku kunokukhokelela ekulahlekelweni kokubona.
• I-Hypertensive Retinopathy: Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu lungonakalisa imithambo yegazi emehlweni kwaye lubangele iingxaki kwi-retina.
• Umngxuma weMacular: Umngxuma omncinci embindini we-macula.
• I-Macular Pucker: Ifilimu encinci iyenzeka phezu kwe-macula, nto leyo ebangela ukuba umbono ubonakale ubuthathaka.
• Intloko ebuhlungu yeliso: Abanye abantu banokufumana ukukhanya phambi kwamehlo abo okanye ukulahleka kombono okwethutyana ngexesha lentloko ebuhlungu.
• Ukususwa kweeVitreous zangasemva (iPVD): Oku kwenzeka xa into efana nejeli engaphakathi kweliso (ivitreous) yahlukana ne-retina. Oku kwenzeka rhoqo njengoko sikhula.
• Ukopha/Ukopha kwe-Retinal: Ukopha okuvela kwimithambo yegazi emincinci kwi-retina.
• Ukuqhekeka kweRetina kunye neenyembezi zeRetina: Le yimeko engxamisekileyo! I-retina isuka eludongeni olungasemva lweliso. Kufuneka unyango olukhawulezileyo.
• Ukuvalelwa kwemithambo ye-retinal okanye ukuvalelwa kwemithambo ye-retinal / isifo samehlo: Njengokubethelwa yintliziyo ebuchotsheni, umthambo wegazi ohambisa igazi elisweni uyavaleka.
• Ukudumba kweRetina / Uveitis: Ukudumba kweendawo ezithile zeliso, kuquka neretina.
• I-Retinitis Pigmentosa: Esi sisifo esidluliselwa kwilifa esibangela ukulahleka kokubona kancinci kancinci, ingakumbi ukubona ebusuku kunye nokubona okungaphandle.
• I-Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP): Imeko enokwenzeka kwiintsana ezizelwe ngaphambi kwexesha.
• I-Solar Retinopathy: I-Solar Retinopathy:Ukujonga ngqo elangeni (ingakumbi ngexesha lokusithwa lilanga) ngaphandle kokuzikhusela kunokubangela umonakalo kwi-retina.
• Umhlaza Wamehlo (iRetinoblastoma) kunye nezinye iithumba ezingengozini, umzekelo.
• Ukungaboni imibala, umzekelo (i-Achromatopsia) - oko kukuthi, ukungakwazi ukubona nayiphi na imibala.

Musa ukoyika ukubona olu luhlu. Ayizizo zonke ezi zinto eziya kwenzeka kuye wonke umntu. Kodwa kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba ezi zinto zikhona.

Zithini iimpawu zengxaki ye-retina?

Ukuba kukho ingxaki kwi-retina yakho, unokufumana iimpawu ezithile. Ukuba ufumana nayiphi na kwezi, qiniseka ukuba ubona ugqirha:

• Umbono ofipheleyo okanye ogqwethekileyo: Izinto azibonakali zicacile, okanye zibonakala zinwebekile okanye zirhabaxa.
• Ukulahleka kombono ojikelezayo / Umbono womjelo: Njengokungathi ujonge ngetyhubhu, umbono wakho ojikelezayo uyancipha.
• Umbono ophindwe kabini (iDiplopia).
• Ukukhanya kwamehlo/iPhotopsias.
• Ukubona amachaphaza amancinci amnyama okanye imisonto idada phambi kwamehlo akho (ii-Eye floaters / ii-Myodesopsias). Lumka ngakumbi ukuba ezi zinto zikhula ngequbuliso okanye ziba nkulu.
• Uvelwano ekukhanyeni, ukungakwazi ukujonga ukukhanya (Uvelwano lokukhanya / i-Photophobia).
• Amabala angaboniyo/ama-scotoma okanye iziphene zentsimi yokubona.
• Ukuba umbono uya usiba mbi kancinci kancinci, ngequbuliso, okanye ngokucacileyo uya usiba mandundu.

Ukuba unenye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi mpawu, musa ukuzityeshela. Ingakumbi ukuba ziqala ngequbuliso, oko kuthetha ukuba zingadlulanga iiyure ezimbalwa okanye usuku okanye ezimbini, oko kungaba yingxaki engxamisekileyo.

Ziziphi iimvavanyo ezisetyenziselwa ukuhlola i-retina?

Xa ubona ugqirha wamehlo, ngokuqinisekileyo uya kujonga i-retina yakho xa ehlola amehlo akho. Ngamanye amaxesha, baya kwandisa amehlo akho ngamayeza. Ezinye zeemvavanyo ezikhethekileyo ezenziwayo ukujonga i-retina yakho zezi:

• I-Fundoscopy / I-Ophthalmoscopy: Ugqirha ujonga ngaphakathi kweliso lakho esebenzisa ukukhanya okukhethekileyo kunye nelensi (i-ophthalmoscope) ukujonga i-retina, i-optic nerve, kunye nemithambo yegazi.
• Uvavanyo lweSibane esiNcitshisiweyo: Oku kufana ne-microscope ekhethekileyo. Kunokwandisa umphambili nomva weliso, kuquka ne-retina.
• I-Fundus Photography: Ithatha imifanekiso ye-retina. Oku kuluncedo kakhulu ekujongeni nasekuthelekiseni kamva.
• Uvavanyo lweFundus Reflex / Red Reflex: Oku kubaluleke kakhulu xa kuhlolwa amehlo abantwana abancinci. Xa kukhanyiswa isibane elisweni, iliso liyajongwa ukuba alinawo na umbala obomvu.
• Uvavanyo lokubona kakuhle: Olu luvavanyo oludumileyo olukuvumela ukuba ufunde oonobumba umgama. Lulinganisa ukuba ubona ngokucacileyo kangakanani.
• Uvavanyo lweMimandla yokuBonakalayo: Ukujonga ukuba umbono wakho ongaphandle unjani.

Olu vavanyo lunokunceda ugqirha wakho ukuba afumanise ukuba kukho ingxaki kwi-retina yakho.

Siyikhusela njani i-retina yethu?

Njengokuba amehlo ethu exabisekile, i-retina yethu ixabisekile. Ngoko ke sonke sifanele sibe nomdla wokuyikhusela.

• Hlola amehlo akho rhoqo: Nokuba unxiba iiglasi okanye awuzinxibi, bona ugqirha wamehlo ubuncinane kanye ngonyaka, okanye ubuncinane kube kanye emva kweminyaka emibini . Ukuba unesinye isifo esinokuchaphazela amehlo akho, esifana nesifo seswekile, ngokuqinisekileyo kufuneka uhlole amehlo akho ubuncinane kube kanye ngonyaka . Ugqirha wakho uza kukuxelela ukuba kufuneka uhlole amehlo akho kangaphi.
• Gcina ubunzima bakho busempilweni.
• Yitya ukutya okunesondlo esifanelekileyo: Izondlo ezifana neevithamini A, C, E, kunye ne-zinc zilungile emehlweni akho. Faka imifuno eluhlaza, iziqhamo, kunye nentlanzi (ingakumbi iintlanzi ezinamafutha ezifana nesalmon kunye ne-tuna) ekutyeni kwakho.
• Soloko unxibe isikhuselo samehlo xa udlala imidlalo okanye usenza umsebenzi onokuba yingozi emehlweni (umz., ukusebenza ngomthi, ukuwelda).
• Zikhusele elangeni: Nxiba iiglasi zelanga ezinemibala eqaqambileyo ezikhusela kwimitha ye-UV xa uphuma ngaphandle. Musa ukujonga ngqo elangeni.
• Khusela i-retina yakho kwimithombo yokukhanya enamandla: Musa ukujonga ngqo izinto ezifana nesibane sokuwelda okanye i-magnesium evuthayo (efumaneka kwiiflares ezisecaleni kwendlela kunye neziqalisi zomlilo zekampini). Ezi zinokubangela umonakalo ongunaphakade.
• Musa ukungazinanzi izinto ezitshintshayo kwindlela obona ngayo: Nokuba izinto zitshintsha kancinci kancinci, musa ukucinga nje ukuba, "Kulungile."

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?

Bonana nogqirha ngokukhawuleza nje ukuba ubona naluphi na utshintsho embonweni wakho, nokuba ucinga ukuba luncinci. Kusenokuba lixesha lokuba utshintshe iiglasi zakho. Okanye kungaba yinto enzulu ngakumbi. Musa ukulinda ukuba iimpawu zibe mandundu.

Ukuba ngequbuliso ulahlekelwa kukubona, okanye ukuba ngequbuliso utshintsha umbono wakho (umz., ukukhanya, ukubona izinto ezininzi ezidadayo) (oko kukuthi, kwimizuzu embalwa okanye iiyure ezimbalwa), yiya kwigumbi likaxakeka esibhedlele ngoko nangoko.

Ezi mpawu zinokukhokelela ngokukhawuleza kumonakalo ongenakuguqulwa kunye nokulahlekelwa yimbono, ngoko ungaze uzityeshele.

Ngamafutshane, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule

Kulungile, ngoko ke sithethe kakhulu nge-retina namhlanje, akunjalo? Mhlawumbi uyaqonda ukuba ibaluleke kangakanani ekuboneni kwethu. I-retina yiyo eguqulela ukukhanya esikubonayo kulwimi oluqondwa yingqondo. Ngaphandle kwayo, besingenakukwazi ukubona eli hlabathi lihle.

Ngoko ke, ukunyamekela i-retina yakho yenye yezona ndlela zinkulu zokukhusela umbono wakho. Ukuba ubona nantoni na "engaqhelekanga" okanye "etshintshileyo" embonweni wakho, musa ukuba buvila ukuthetha nogqirha ngayo. Kuba okukhona uqaphela isifo ngokukhawuleza kwaye uqala unyango, kokukhona amathuba okuphepha iingxaki ezinkulu esanda. Ukukhusela amehlo akho kusezandleni zakho!

I- Retina, impilo yamehlo, umbono, izifo zamehlo, i-macula, uvavanyo lwamehlo