Masifunde ngesihluzo esincinci esisezintsoni zakho: iBowman's Capsule.

Ngaba wakha wazibuza ukuba zingaphi iindawo ezincinci zomzimba wethu ezenza umsebenzi omhle? Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngenxalenye ebaluleke ngokulinganayo, kodwa mhlawumbi engaziwayo kangako, yezintso zethu. Ibizwa ngokuba yiBowman's Capsule. Makhe sijonge ukuba linjani eli qhawe lincinci kunye nento eliyenzayo.

Yintoni iBowman's Capsule?

Ngamafutshane, i-Bowman's capsule yinxalenye ye-nephron kwi-kidney yakho. Kulungile, yintoni i-nephron? I-nephron yunithi yokucoca kwi-kidney yakho. Ifana nezihluzo ezincinci kwi-filter yethu yamanzi ekhaya. Cinga nje, kukho malunga nesigidi se-nephron kwi-kidney enye! Oko zizigidi ezibini kwi-kidney zombini! Ayimangalisi loo nto? I-nephron nganye inenxalenye ebizwa ngokuba yi-glomerulus. Kulapho umsebenzi wokucoca inkunkuma egazini lakho uqala khona. I-glomerulus yibhola encinci kakhulu, encinci yemithambo yegazi. Inxalenye ejikeleze i-glomerulus, inxalenye eyigubungelayo, ibizwa ngokuba yi-Bowman's capsule . Ifana nesigqubuthelo sokukhusela i-glomerulus. Isithuba esingenanto phakathi kweendonga ezimbini zale capsule sibizwa ngokuba yi-Bowman's space . Le capsule kaBowman ikwabizwa ngokuba yiyo. Umzekelo, ngaba ukhe weva ngamagama afana ne-glomerular capsule kunye ne-Malpighian capsule? Yiyo loo nto babizwa ngayo. Kwakhona, indawo kaBowman ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-glomerular capsule space.

Yintoni umsebenzi weBowman's Capsule?

I-Bowman's capsule kunye ne-glomerulus xa zidibene zenza i-renal corpuscle. Zonke ezi ziindawo zezintso. Uyazi ukuba izintso zisebenza kangakanani emizimbeni yethu. Zilawula i-pH yegazi lethu, zilawula uxinzelelo lwegazi, kwaye zigcina ibhalansi ye-electrolyte emzimbeni. Kwakhona, njengenxalenye yenkqubo yomchamo, izintso zinoxanduva lokususa inkunkuma emzimbeni ngomchamo. Ngoko ke, into eyenziwa yile capsule ye-Bowman kukunceda i-glomerulus ihluze igazi. Iimolekyuli ezincinci egazini zingena kwindawo ye-Bowman ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa. Nangona kunjalo, lo gama nje isihluzo sezintso sisebenza kakuhle, izinto ezifana neeseli kunye neeproteni ezinkulu zihlala egazini kwaye aziphumi. Ezi nxalenye zincinci emva koko zihamba ngeetyhubhu ezincinci kwizintso. Apho, izintso zigqiba ukuba zeziphi iinxalenye ekufuneka ziphinde zifunxe igazi kwaye zeziphi ezimele zikhuphe kumchamo. Yindlela emangalisayo, akunjalo?

Iphi iBowman's Capsule?

I-Bowman's capsule ikwi-renal cortex, umaleko ongaphandle wezintso zakho. Izintso zifumaneka ngaphantsi kwembambo yakho, ngasemva kwesisu sakho. Ngokuqhelekileyo kukho izintso ezimbini, enye kwicala ngalinye lomqolo wakho. Zifumaneka phakathi kwamathumbu akho kunye ne-diaphragm. Izintso nganye iqhagamshelwe kwisinyi ngetyhubhu ebizwa ngokuba yi-ureter.

Injani iBowman's Capsule?

I-capsule kaBowman ayibonakali emehlweni. Udinga i-microscope ukuze uyibone. Incinci kangako. Ukuba uchaza imo yayo, ifana nebhegi okanye ikomityi. Le capsule yenziwe ngamaleya amabini. 1. Umaleko wangaphandle: Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-parietal layer. Oku kwenziwe ngohlobo lwethishu ebizwa ngokuba yi-simple squamous epithelium. 2. Umaleko wangaphakathi: Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-visceral layer. Oku kwenziwe ngamaseli akhethekileyo abizwa ngokuba yi-podocytes. Okunomdla kakhulu kukuba la ma-podocytes anezandiso ezifana neminwe (pedicles). Ezi zandiso ziqhagamshelwe omnye komnye njengesandla (interdigitation). Ngenxa yokuba ziqhagamshelwe ngolu hlobo, ezinye izinto zinokudlula kuzo, kodwa ezinye azikwazi. Xa usempilweni, iiproteni kunye neeseli azikwazi ukudlula kwezi.

Le yindlela igazi elicocwa ngayo lize libuyiselwe emzimbeni, kwaye inkunkuma ikhutshwa emzimbeni njengomchamo ngemibhobho emincinci (iityhubhu). Uxinzelelo lwegazi kwi-glomerulus (uxinzelelo lwe-hydrostatic lwegazi oluyi-glomerular) luyanceda koku. Njengoko ulwelo lususwa, amanzi kunye nezondlo zibuyiselwa emzimbeni.

Ziziphi izifo eziqhelekileyo ezichaphazela iBowman's Capsule?

Izifo ezichaphazela izintso zakho nazo zichaphazela i-Bowman's capsule. Ichaphazeleka kakhulu zizifo ezichaphazela i-glomeruli ejikeleze i-Bowman's capsule. Kukho iintlobo ngeentlobo zezifo ze-glomerular. Zinokubangelwa yiyo nayiphi na into ukusuka kwizinto ezingqongileyo ukuya kwizinto zemfuza.

• I-Glomerulonephritis: Oku kukudumba , okanye ukudumba, kwe-glomeruli. Kunokubangelwa zizifo ezizikhuselayo emzimbeni , izifo zemfuza , okanye usulelo.
• I-Glomerulosclerosis: Kulapho i-glomeruli iqina khona ize ibe namanxeba.

Ukuba ezi zifo azinyangwa ngokufanelekileyo, ekugqibeleni zinokubangela ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwezintso.Eyona nto ibangela isifo se-glomerular kunye nokungasebenzi kakuhle kwezintso sisifo sezintso esibangelwa sisifo seswekile, esaziwa ngokuba yi- diabetesic nephropathy .

Ziziphi iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zezifo ezichaphazela iBowman's Capsule?

Iimpawu zezifo ze-glomerular zingabandakanya:

• Iprotheyini eninzi kakhulu kumchamo wakho (i-proteinuria) . Oku kunokubangela ukuba umchamo wakho ube namagwebu.
• Igazi kumchamo (hematuria) . Oku kunokubangela ukuba umchamo ubonakale upinki okanye umbala we-cola.
• Amanqanaba aphantsi eeprotheyini egazini (hypoproteinemia) .
• Ukudumba (ukudumba) kwamalungu omzimba anjengezandla neenyawo, okanye ukudumba okujikeleze amehlo.

Ziziphi iimvavanyo eziqhelekileyo ezenziwayo ukujonga impilo yeBowman's Capsule?

Oogqirha basebenzisa iimvavanyo ezininzi ukulinganisa ukusebenza kwezintso nokubona iingxaki zezintso. Ugqirha wakho unokucebisa iimvavanyo ezifana nezi:

• Uvavanyo lwegazi : Olu vavanyo lunokujonga ukuba iiglomeruli zakho zicoca igazi kakuhle kangakanani na.
• Uhlalutyo lomchamo: Oku kunokulinganisa izinto ezifana neproteni kunye negazi kumchamo.
• Uvavanyo lwemifanekiso olufana ne-ultrasound: Olu vavanyo luvumela oogqirha ukuba bajonge ubungakanani kunye nokuma kwezintso zakho.
• Uvavanyo lokusebenza kwezintso : Olu vavanyo lubonisa indlela ezisebenza kakuhle ngayo izintso.
• I-biopsy yezintso: Kule nto, ugqirha uthatha iqhekeza elincinci lesicwili sezintso aze alihlole phantsi kwe-microscope.

Ziziphi iindlela zonyango zezifo ezichaphazela iBowman's Capsule?

Akukho nyango "lufanayo" lwesifo sezintso. Unyango olufumanayo luya kuxhomekeka kwimeko onayo kunye nobunzima bayo. Unyango lwezifo ezichaphazela i-Bowman's capsule lungabandakanya:

• Ukutya okungenatyuwa ingako (Ukutya okunesodium engako).
• Amayeza anjengee -antibiotics , amayeza oxinzelelo lwegazi, amayeza okunciphisa amasosha omzimba, kunye nee-steroids .
• I-Dialysis .
• Ukufakelwa kwezintso .

Ndingenza ntoni ukuze ndigcine i-Bowman's Capsule yam isempilweni?

Ukugcina izintso zakho ziphilile yeyona nto ibalulekileyo ekugcineni i-Bowman's capsule yakho isempilweni. Kubalulekile ukujonga impilo yezintso zakho kwaye wenze uhlolo lwezonyango rhoqo, uvavanyo lwegazi, kunye novavanyo lomchamo. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba unesifo soxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, ukutyeba kakhulu, kunye/okanye isifo seswekile. Unganciphisa umngcipheko wakho weengxaki zezintso ngokuthi:

• Ukuphepha okanye ukuyeka ukutshaya.
• Ukunciphisa ityuwa oyityayo.
• Ukwandisa umthambo wakho wemihla ngemihla kunokunceda ekunciphiseni uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu.
• Nciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamayeza angengo-steroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAIDs) . Ukusela kakhulu ezi zinto kunokonakalisa izintso.
• Ukugcina ubunzima obusempilweni.
• Soloko ujonge amanqanaba oxinzelelo lwegazi lakho.
• Ukuba unesifo seswekile, lumka malunga namanqanaba eswekile egazini lakho.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha ukuba ndinexhala malunga neBowman's Capsule okanye isifo sezintso?

Ukuba ucinga ukuba kukho into engalunganga ngezintso zakho, ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kufuneka ubone ugqirha. Usenokubona iimpawu ezifana nezi:

• Utshintsho kumchamo wakho: umchamo onegazi, umchamo omnyama, umchamo onamafu okanye onamagwebu.
• Utshintsho kwimiba yokuchama rhoqo.
• Ukudinwa/ ukudinwa kakhulu.
• Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu (iHypertension) .
• Ukuqaqamba kwemisipha.
• Ukulahlekelwa ngumdla wokutya okanye incasa yesinyithi ekutyeni.
• Isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza.
• Ukudumba, ingakumbi emaqatheni okanye ezandleni.

Ukuba unayo nayiphi na kwezi meko, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa uvavanyo oluqhelekileyo lokusebenza kwezintso okanye uvavanyo lwegazi:

• Imbali yosapho enesifo sezintso.
• Isifo seswekile .
• Isifo sentliziyo .
• Igazi elonyukayo .
• Ukutyeba kakhulu .
• Ukusetyenziswa rhoqo kwamayeza athile, umzekelo, amayeza oxinzelelo lwegazi.

Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya

Izintso zakho zenza imisebenzi emininzi ebalulekileyo emzimbeni wakho. Ngoko ke, kubalulekile ukugcina uxinzelelo lwegazi kunye namanqanaba eglucose egazini lakho ephantsi kolawulo kwaye uhlale usempilweni. Ukuba ucinga ukuba kukho into engalunganga kwinkqubo yakho yomchamo, nokuba lusulelo okanye utshintsho kwindlela ochama ngayo, thetha nogqirha wakho ngokukhawuleza. Baza kukufumana isisombululo esifanelekileyo kuwe. Khumbula, la malungu amancinci omzimba wethu ngawo asigcina siphilile. Ngoko ke, luxanduva lwethu ukuwanyamekela.

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Izintso, i-Bowman's capsule, i-nephron, i-glomerulus, isifo sezintso, inkqubo yomchamo, impilo