Masifunde ngemithambo yentliziyo eyondla intliziyo yakho.

Intliziyo yakho sisitho esimangalisayo, akunjalo? Isebenza imini nobusuku, ipompa igazi emzimbeni wonke. Ngoko ke le ntliziyo ikwafuna amandla, oko kuthetha igazi elicocekileyo, ukuze isebenze. Loo msebenzi uxabisekileyo wenziwa yinkqubo ekhethekileyo yemithambo ebizwa ngokuba yimithambo yentliziyo. Masithethe ngale nto namhlanje.

Zithini ezi mithambo yentliziyo?

Ngamafutshane, imithambo yegazi yentliziyo yimithambo yegazi ephambili enika intliziyo yakho ioksijini kunye nezondlo. Ifana 'nemigca yokubonelela' yentliziyo. Yiyo evumela intliziyo ukuba ibethe rhoqo kwaye ipompe igazi emzimbeni wonke. Unemithambo emibini ephambili yentliziyo: iRight Coronary Artery (RCA) kunye neRight Main Coronary Artery (LMCA). Ngalinye lala masebe liphuma libe ngamasebe amancinci angena nzulu kwimisipha yentliziyo.

Ezi zinto zinceda njani intliziyo? (Umsebenzi)

Umsebenzi ophambili wemithambo yentliziyo kunye namasebe ayo kukubonelela ngegazi entliziyweni yakho. Cinga ngayo, imisipha yentliziyo yakho nayo ifuna amandla ukuze isebenze. Loo mandla avela kwioksijini kunye nezondlo ezisegazini. Ngoko ke kungenxa yegazi elivela kule mithambo ukuba imisipha yentliziyo ikwazi ukufinyela kakuhle kwaye ipompe igazi emzimbeni wonke. Isebenza ngokungathi inika ipetroli kwinjini yentliziyo. Uyaqonda?

Iphi le mithambo yentliziyo? (Indawo)

Imithambo yakho yentliziyo ijikeleze kwaye ingaphakathi kwimisipha yentliziyo. Iqala kumthambo oyintloko emzimbeni wakho, i-aorta. Ngokuchanekileyo, ikhula kwiingcambu ze-aorta, inxalenye yokuqala ye-aorta ephuma kwi-ventricle yasekhohlo (inxalenye yentliziyo eqala ukupompa igazi elineoksijini emzimbeni wonke). La ngamasebe okuqala akhula kwi-aorta yakho.

Iyintoni indlela eyakhiwe ngayo imithambo yentliziyo?

Njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, kukho imithambo emibini ephambili yentliziyo. Nganye inamasebe aliqela. Makhe sibone ukuba isebenza njani loo nto:

• I-Right Coronary Artery (RCA): Le inika igazi kwi-atrium yasekunene nakwi-ventricle yasekunene yentliziyo yakho. Kulapho igazi elingena-oxygen liqokelela khona ngaphambi kokuba lithunyelwe emiphungeni. Ikwanika igazi kwi-sinoatrial (SA) node nakwi-atrioventricular (AV), amaziko amabini abalulekileyo alawula isigqi sentliziyo. La ma-node mabini athumela imiqondiso yombane entliziyweni, exelela izihlunu zentliziyo ukuba zinciphe nini. I-RCA ikwanika igazi eludongeni olwahlula amagumbi amabini asezantsi entliziyo, i-interventricular septum, kumasebe ayo.

• Umthambo oPhambili weCoronary ekhohlo (LMCA):Oku kunika igazi kwi-atrium yasekhohlo nakwi-ventricle yasekhohlo yentliziyo yakho. Kulapho igazi elineoksijini elivela emiphungeni liqokelela khona ngaphambi kokuba liphampelwe yintliziyo liye kuwo wonke umzimba. Amasebe ayo anika igazi kwisibini kwisithathu esiseleyo septum yangaphakathi kweventricular.

Ngaba imithambo yentliziyo yomntu wonke iyafana? (Utshintsho)

Le ikwalinqaku elibaluleke kakhulu. Ngamanye amaxesha indlela amasebe enkqubo yemithambo yegazi yentliziyo yomntu ngamnye anokwahluka kancinci ngayo. Musa ukukhathazeka, oku kuqhelekile. Nazi imizekelo embalwa:

• Nangona kudla ngokubakho umaleko wamafutha ajikeleze imithambo yentliziyo, kwabanye abantu le mithambo ifumaneka ngaphakathi kwimisipha yentliziyo.
• Malunga ne-10% yabemi bane-SA node yabo kunye ne-AV node enikezelwa yi-left main coronary artery (LMCA) endaweni ye-right main coronary artery (RCA).
• Ngamanye amaxesha, umthambo omnye wentliziyo uqala kwi-aorta, uze emva koko wahlulwe ube ngamasebe angasekunene nasekhohlo.

Uninzi lolu tshintsho alunabungozi kwaye alubangeli zimpawu. Nangona kunjalo, kwiimeko ezingaqhelekanga kakhulu (ngaphantsi kwe-1% yabemi behlabathi), ezi ngxaki zemithambo yentliziyo zinokubangela iingxaki ezinkulu, ngamanye amaxesha zide zibangele nokufa. Yiyo loo nto kubalulekile ukufuna unyango ukuba uneempawu zentliziyo.

Ingakanani le vein? (Ubukhulu)

Imithambo ephambili yentliziyo idla ngokuba phakathi kwe-3 kunye ne-4 milimitha ububanzi. Oko kuncinci kancinci kunobubanzi bestraw yokusela. Kodwa ubukhulu bale mithambo bunokwahluka kancinci ngokuxhomekeke kwisini sakho, ubunzima bomzimba, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha kwanohlanga lwakho.

Yenziwe ngantoni le mithambo yegazi? (Ukwakheka kwayo)

Iindonga zayo yonke imithambo yegazi, kuquka nemithambo yegazi yentliziyo, zenziwe ngamaleya amathathu aphambili. La maleya abekwe phezu komnye phezu komnye njengesikhumba setswele.

• I-Tunica intima: Le yilaphu elingaphakathi. Idibana negazi lakho kwaye inceda ukuba lihambe kakuhle kwimithambo yegazi ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka.
• Imidiya: Olu lungqimba oluphakathi. Luguquguquka kakhulu, oko kuthetha ukuba lunwebeka njengebhanti yerabha. Ke ngoko, olu ngqimba lunokufinyela kwaye lunwebeke ukuze kugcinwe uxinzelelo lwegazi olufanelekileyo ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi.
• I-Adventitia: Le yilaphu engaphandle. Iqulethe imithambo yegazi emincinci. Ithatha ioksijini kunye nezondlo egazini lakho ize izise kwiiseli zentliziyo, kuquka neeseli ezikwiindonga zemithambo yegazi.

Zeziphi izifo ezichaphazela imithambo yentliziyo? (Iimeko)

Okubuhlungu kukuba, le mithambo yentliziyo ixabisekileyo inokuba nesifo. Eyona meko ixhaphakileyo nexhaphakileyo sisifo semithambo yentliziyo (CAD) .

Oku kudla ngokubangelwa yimeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-`(atherosclerosis)`. Ngamafutshane, kuthetha ukuba izinto ezinje ngamafutha kunye ne-cholesterol zifakwa ngaphakathi kweendonga zemithambo yegazi (oogqirha bayibiza le nto ngokuthi `(iplaque)`), njengothuli olunamathelayo kumbhobho, luvala indlela yokuhamba kwegazi. Xa imithambo yegazi ivalekile ngolu hlobo, intliziyo ayifumani gazi laneleyo. Oku kunokukhokelela nakwi-`(uhlaselo lwentliziyo)`.

Cinga ngayo, kufana nemibhobho yamanzi endlwini yakho evaleka ngumhlaba nokungcola ngokuhamba kwexesha, nto leyo enciphisa ukuhamba kwamanzi. Nokuba ivaleka kancinci ekuqaleni, ayisiyonto inkulu, kodwa ngokuhamba kwexesha, inokuvaleka kakhulu.

I-Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) yimeko apho ukuhamba kwegazi ukuya entliziyweni ngemithambo yentliziyo kuphazamiseka ngequbuliso . Uhlaselo lwentliziyo luhlobo lwe-ACS. Njenge-CAD, le meko idla ngokubangelwa yi-atherosclerosis.

Ukongeza koku, kukho nezinye iimeko ezininzi ezingaqhelekanga ezichaphazela imithambo yentliziyo:

• Ii-Aneurysms: Ubuthathaka bodonga lomthambo wegazi oluvuvukala ngaphandle njengebhaluni. Oku kungaqhuma .
• Ukuphazamiseka kwemithambo yegazi ezalwa nayo: Abanye abantu banokuzalwa benotshintsho oluthile kwimithambo yegazi yentliziyo.
• Ukuqaqamba kwemithambo yegazi yentliziyo: Ukuqina ngequbuliso kwemisipha kwimithambo yegazi. Xa le misipha iqina, okanye iqaqamba, imithambo yegazi iyavaleka okwethutyana. Oku kunokubangela iintlungu zesifuba, ezibizwa ngokuba yiPrinzmetal angina.

Singayigcina njani le mithambo ixabisekileyo isempilweni? (Ukuthintela/Imikhwa Esempilweni)

Eyona nto ingcono kukuthintela ezi zifo ngaphambi kokuba zenzeke. Ungenza ezi zinto ukuze intliziyo yakho kunye nemithambo yegazi yentliziyo yakho zihlale ziphilile. Ezi azinzima, kwaye zingenziwa ngokucamngca kancinci.

• Yitya ukutya okunempilo nokulinganiselayo okune-sodium ephantsi (ityuwa), i-cholesterol, kunye namafutha agcweleyo (njengamafutha ezilwanyana). Yitya imifuno engakumbi, iziqhamo, iinkozo ezipheleleyo, kunye nokutya okune-fiber eninzi.
• Zilolonge rhoqo . Kuhle ukwenza into efana nokuhamba, ukubaleka, okanye ukudada ubuncinane imizuzu engama-30 ngosuku.
• Lawula uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi. Thetha nogqirha wakho uze wenze oko kuyimfuneko.
• Kuphephe ngokupheleleyo ukutshaya nokusebenzisa iimveliso zecuba (ezifana netshungama). Oku kubaluleke kakhulu.
• Nciphisa utywala obuselayo, okanye okungcono nangakumbi, yeka ngokupheleleyo.

Ufanele uye nini kugqirha? (Ufanele ufune uncedo nini)

Ukuba ufumana naziphi na kwezi mpawu, isenokuba luphawu lokuhlaselwa yintliziyo. Ngoko ke fowunela u-911 okanye uye esibhedlele esikufutshane ngoko nangoko. Ixesha libaluleke kakhulu ngexesha elinje.

• Intlungu yesifuba okanye ukungakhululeki:Isenokuvakala ngathi kukuxinana, ukuxinana, okanye ubunzima embindini wesifuba. Le ntlungu inokuhlala ixesha elingaphezu kwemizuzu embalwa kwaye isenokufika idlule.
• Ukubila okubandayo.
• Intlungu okanye ukungakhululeki emhlathini, entanyeni, emqolo, engalweni (ingakumbi engalweni yasekhohlo), okanye kwindawo yamagxa.
• Ubunzima bokuphefumla, uzive ngathi uyafuthaniseka.
• Ukuziva ubuthathaka, ubuthathaka, okanye unesizungu.
• Isicaphucaphu okanye ukuhlanza.

Ezi mpawu azibonakali ngendlela efanayo kuye wonke umntu, kwaye abanye abantu banokufumana enye okanye ezimbini kuphela kwezi. Ezi mpawu zinokwahluka, ingakumbi kubafazi kunye nabantu abanesifo seswekile. Ke ngoko, ukuba unamathandabuzo, kungcono ukufuna ingcebiso kagqirha ngokukhawuleza.

Izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka sizikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Kulungile, ngoko ke sithethe kakhulu namhlanje. Imithambo yakho yentliziyo yimithambo yegazi ebaluleke kakhulu ethwala igazi entliziyweni yakho, enika ioksijini kunye nezondlo kwimisipha yentliziyo yakho kwaye incede ekupompeni igazi emzimbeni wakho wonke. Ukuba le mithambo ivalekile, imeko ebizwa ngokuba sisifo semithambo yentliziyo (CAD), intliziyo yakho ayinakufumana igazi elaneleyo. Oko kunokubangela uhlaselo lwentliziyo, olusongela ubomi.

Kodwa iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba ngokuphila ubomi obusempilweni, oko kukuthi, ukuzilolonga rhoqo, ukutya ukutya okunempilo, nokuphepha ukutshaya, unokunciphisa kakhulu umngcipheko wakho we-CAD kunye nokuhlaselwa yintliziyo. Ngoko ke nyamekela intliziyo yakho kwaye ulandele la macebiso. Thetha nogqirha wakho kwaye uhlale ujonge impilo yentliziyo yakho. Emva koko ungaphila ubomi obude, obonwabisayo nentliziyo esempilweni.

Intliziyo , umthambo wentliziyo, uhlaselo lwentliziyo, imithambo yegazi, isifo sentliziyo, impilo, i-atherosclerosis