Ngaba wakha wema phambi kwesibuko waza wajonga ulusu lwakho kakuhle? Mhlawumbi ucinga ukuba ulusu yinto nje egquma imizimba yethu kwaye kufuneka ibukeke intle. Kodwa ubusazi na ukuba ulusu lwethu lolona lungu likhulu emzimbeni wethu elenza okungaphezulu? Ewe, yinyani. Ulusu lwethu aluyonto nje egqumayo, lufana nekhaka elimangalisayo elikhusela yonke into engaphakathi emzimbeni wethu. Namhlanje, masithethe ngolu lusu lumangalisayo.
Kalula nje, yintoni le sikhumba?
Ulusu lwethu sisitho esintsonkothileyo esenziwe ngamanzi, iiproteni, amafutha kunye neeminerali. Njengodonga, ulusu lwethu luthintela iintsholongwane ukuba zingangeni emzimbeni. Lukwanceda ekulawuleni ubushushu bomzimba. Xa ushushu, ubanda, okanye uchukumisa into ethile, uyayiva ngenxa yemithambo-luvo eluswini lwakho.
Ulusu alusebenzi lodwa. Iinwele zakho, iinzipho, amadlala okubila, kunye namadlala eoyile zonke zisebenza kunye njengenkqubo. Kwizonyango, oku sikubiza ngokuba yinkqubo "yokugquma umzimba". Ngamafutshane, kuthetha "isigqubuthelo sangaphandle somzimba."
Iileya ezintathu eziphambili zolusu lwethu
Cinga ngolusu lwethu njengekhekhe elinezintlu ezintathu. Umaleko ngamnye unomsebenzi othile. Ezi zintlu zintathu zezi:
- I-Epidermis: Umaleko ophezulu esinokuwubona size siwuchukumise.
- I-Dermis: Eyona maleko ityebileyo nebaluleke kakhulu embindini.
- I-Hypodermis: Umaleko ongaphantsi wamafutha.
Ngoku makhe sijonge nganye kwezi layer ngokwahlukeneyo.
1. I-Epidermis - umaleko ophezulu esiwubonayo
Lo ngumkhuseli wolusu lwethu. Uyabona, olu maleko luphezulu oluchukumisayo lwenza umsebenzi omninzi. Iiseli ezikule maleko zenziwe ngeproteni ekhethekileyo ebizwa ngokuba yi-"Keratin."
- Isebenza njengekhaka lokukhusela: Olu layer luthintela iintsholongwane ezifana neebhaktheriya kunye neentsholongwane ukuba zingangeni emzimbeni, zixubane negazi, zize zibangele usulelo. Lukwakhusela umzimba kwizinto zangaphandle ezifana nemvula nelanga.
- Ulusu Olutsha: Ubusazi na ukuba ulusu lwakho luhlala luzihlaziya? I-epidermis ihlala ivelisa iiseli ezintsha zolusu. Yonke imihla, imizimba yethu ikhupha iiseli ezindala zolusu ezimalunga nama-40,000. Ezi seli zintsha ziyatshintshwa. Oko kuthetha ukuba ufumana ulusu olutsha ngokupheleleyo malunga kanye ngenyanga!
- Ukukhusela umzimba: Olu layer luqulathe uhlobo oluthile lweseli olubizwa ngokuba yi "Langerhans cells." Ziyinxalenye yenkqubo yomzimba wethu yokuzikhusela. Njengabalindi, balwa neentsholongwane xa zingena kwaye basinceda ukuba singaguli.
- Umbala wolusu:Ulusu lwethu, iinwele, kunye namehlo ethu afumana umbala wawo kwi-pigment ebizwa ngokuba yi-"Melanin." Le pigment ifumaneka kwi-epidermis. Ukuba umzimba womntu uvelisa i-melanin eninzi, umbala wolusu lwaloo mntu uba mnyama. Yiyo loo nto uba mnyama ngokukhawuleza xa ubekwe elangeni.
2. I-Dermis - Eyona maleko ibalulekileyo embindini
Olu maleko luphakathi lwenza i-90% yobukhulu besikhumba siphela. Enyanisweni, uninzi lomsebenzi obalulekileyo wesikhumba wenzeka apha.
- Amandla kunye nokuguquguquka: Iindidi ezimbini zeeproteni ezibizwa ngokuba yi-`(Collagen)` kunye ne-`(Elastin)` zifumaneka kolu lelo. Cinga nge-collagen njengeentsika zekhonkrithi ezinika ulusu lwethu amandla. I-Elastin ifana neebhanti ze-elastic phakathi kwezo ntsika. Kungenxa yale elastin ukuba ulusu lubuyele kwimo yalo yokuqala emva kokuba lutsaliwe.
- Ukukhula kweenwele: Iingcambu zeenwele zethu kunye neenwele zomzimba zikweli leya ledermis.
- Imvakalelo yokuchukumisa: Ungaziva into eshushu, ebandayo, ekrwelekayo, okanye egudileyo kakhulu ngenxa yemithambo-luvo ekule leya. Le mithambo-luvo ikwanoxanduva lokuva iintlungu.
- Ukuveliswa kweoyile: Ii-oyile ezikule leya zivelisa ioyile efunekayo kulusu. Le oyile yiyo egcina ulusu luthambile kwaye iluthintele ukuba lome. Ikwayimbangela yokuba ulusu lwakho lungafunxi manzi amaninzi xa uhlamba okanye umanzi xa unemvula.
- Ukuveliswa kombilo: Iindlala zombilo nazo zifumaneka kolu maleko. Ubushushu bomzimba bulawulwa xa umbilo uphuma kumphezulu wolusu.
- Ukunikezelwa kwegazi: I-epidermis (umaleko ophezulu) ifumana izondlo zayo kwimithambo yegazi emincinci kwi-dermis.
3. I-Hypodermis - umaleko onamafutha ongaphantsi
Lo ngumaleko osezantsi wolusu. Wenziwe kakhulu ngamafutha.
- Ukukhusela izihlunu namathambo: Khawuthelekelele usiwa. Amathambo nezihlunu zakho zikhuselekile ekonakaleni kuba olu maleko lwamafutha angaphantsi lusebenza 'njengesixhobo sokufunxa uloyiko'.
- Ubukho bezicubu ezidityanisiweyo: Ulusu luqhagamshelwe kwimisipha namathambo yizicubu ezidityanisiweyo kule leya.
- Ukunceda imithambo-luvo kunye nemithambo yegazi: Imithambo-luvo kunye nemithambo yegazi evela kwidermis ziyanda kolu lelo kwaye ziqhagamshelane nezinye iindawo zomzimba.
- Ulawulo lobushushu bomzimba: Olu maleko lwamafutha lusebenza njenge-'insulator', oko kuthetha ukuba luthintela umzimba ekubeni ubande kakhulu okanye ushushu kakhulu.
Iileya ezintathu zolusu kunye nemisebenzi yazo ngokujonga nje
Ukuze sicacise oko sithethe ngako, jonga isishwankathelo esingezantsi.
| Umaleko wolusu (Umaleko) | Imisebenzi ephambili |
|---|---|
| I-Epidermis - umaleko ophezulu | Ukukhusela kwiintsholongwane, ukuvelisa ulusu olutsha, kunye nokunika umbala wolusu. |
| I-Dermis - umaleko ophakathi | Ukunika amandla kunye nokuguquguquka, imvakalelo yokuchukumisa, ukuvelisa ukubila kunye neoyile, ukunikezelwa kwegazi. |
| I-Hypodermis - umaleko osezantsi | Ukukhuselwa (ukuthotywa) kwamalungu angaphakathi, ulawulo lobushushu bomzimba, ukugcinwa kwamandla. |
Izifo neemeko eziqhelekileyo ezichaphazela ulusu
Njengomkhuseli wangaphandle womzimba wethu, ulusu lujongene neengxaki ezahlukeneyo, ezinye zazo zixhaphakile.
| Uhlobo lwengxaki | Imizekelo |
|---|---|
| Ii-aleji | I-contact dermatitis yimeko yesikhumba eyenzeka xa uchukumisa izinto ezithile. |
| Iintsholongwane | Iintsholongwane ezifana ne-cellulitis. |
| Umhlaza wolusu | Iimeko eziyingozi ezifana ne-melanoma. |
| Izifo Eziqhelekileyo Zesikhumba | I-Acne, i-Eczema, i-Psoriasis, i-Vitiligo. |
| Ezinye iingxaki | Amadyungudyungu, ukulunywa zizinambuzane, amanxeba, iintsumpa, amanxeba, ukutsha. |
Singenza ntoni ukuze sigcine ulusu lwethu lusempilweni?
Njengoko sikhula, ubungakanani be-`(Collagen)` kunye ne-`(Elastin)` kulusu lwethu buyancipha. Oku kubangela ukuba umaleko ophakathi wolusu (dermis) ube mncane, kwaye ulusu luqale ukugoba nokushwabana. Nangona singenakukuyeka ukwaluphala, kukho izinto ezimbalwa esinokuzenza ukugcina ulusu lwethu lusempilweni kwaye luselula.
- Zikhusele elangeni: Nokuba uchitha ixesha elininzi endlwini, sebenzisa i-sunscreen xa uphuma ngaphandle. Khetha enye ene-SPF engama-30 okanye ngaphezulu.
- Kuphephe ukutshiza ulusu: Nokuba uselangeni, ukutshiza ulusu ngendlela yokwenziwa kungonakalisa ulusu lwakho. Kunokuludala ulusu lwakho ngokukhawuleza kwaye kubangele nomhlaza wolusu.
- Lawula uxinzelelo: Uxinzelelo olugqithisileyo lunokwenza iimeko zesikhumba zibe mandundu ngakumbi njenge-eczema kunye ne-acne. Ngoko ke fumana iindlela zokuphumla.
- Jonga ulusu lwakho rhoqo: Jonga ii-moles zakho rhoqo ukuze ubone utshintsho kubukhulu, umbala, okanye imo. Qaphela naziphi na ii-moles ezintsha ezivelayo. Ezi zinokuba ziimpawu zokuqala zomhlaza wolusu.
- Kuphephe ukutshaya: I-Nicotine kunye nezinye iikhemikhali ezikwiicuba nakwii-e-cigarettes ziyaludala ulusu ngokukhawuleza.
- Hlamba ulusu lwakho ngobunono: Hlamba ubuso bakho kabini ngemini (kusasa nasebusuku) usebenzisa isicoci esithambileyo.
- Nciphisa ulusu lwakho: Hlamba umzimba wakho rhoqo kwaye ufake i-moisturizer elungileyo ngaphambi kokuba womise umzimba wakho. Oku kunokunceda ukuthintela ulusu lwakho ukuba lungatshi.
Sifanele siye kugqirha nini?
Nangona iingxaki eziqhelekileyo zolusu zinokunyangwa ekhaya, kukho iimeko apho ingcebiso kagqirha iyimfuneko.
Ukuba unayo nayiphi na kwezi mpawu, nceda ungazityesheli. Nokuba ucinga ukuba yinto encinci, isenokuba luphawu lokuqala lwento enzulu. Bona ugqirha wakho ngokukhawuleza ukuze ufumane ingcebiso.
Xa ufanele ubone ugqirha:
- Utshintsho kwi-birthmark: Ukuba ubungakanani, umbala, imo, okanye ulungelelwaniso lwe-birthmark luyatshintsha.
- Utshintsho olutsha lolusu: Ukuba kuvela into efana nophawu olutsha lokuzalwa okanye ithumba.
- Amanxeba angapholiyo:Inxeba elikhulu kangangokuba alinakugqunywa ngeplasta eqhelekileyo kwaye kubonakala ngathi liza kufuna ukuthungwa.
- Ukutsha kakhulu: Ukutsha okukhulu ngokwaneleyo ukubangela amadyungudyungu.
- Iimpawu zosulelo lolusu: Ukuba inxeba linemigca ebomvu elijikelezileyo, ukuba likhupha ubomvu obumthubi, okanye ukuba indawo ivakala ishushu.
- Irhashalala elingachazwanga: Irhashalala lolusu elihlala lihleli okanye enye imeko yolusu ekungekho sizathu salo.
Njengelungu elikhulu emzimbeni wethu, ulusu lubalulekile ebomini bethu. Ngoko ke, luxanduva lwethu ukulugcina lusempilweni.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Ulusu lwakho lolona lungu likhulu emzimbeni kwaye lwenziwe ngamaleya amathathu aphambili (i-epidermis, i-dermis, i-hypodermis).
- Iyakukhusela kwiintsholongwane, ilawula ubushushu bomzimba, kwaye ikunceda uqonde ukuba uchukumisekile.
- Ukukhusela ilanga imihla ngemihla (i-sunscreen) kunye nokufumisa ulusu kubalulekile ukuze ulusu lube sempilweni.
- Musa ukungazinanzi naluphi na utshintsho oluselukhumbeni lwakho okanye kwiimpawu zokuzalwa. Zinokuba luphawu lwesifo esinzulu.
- Ukuba unamathandabuzo okanye uxhalabile ngolusu lwakho, bona ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko uze ufumane icebiso elifanelekileyo.
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