Yintoni le sheath ye-myelin ejikeleze iiseli zethu zemithambo-luvo? Makhe sithethe ngayo ngokweenkcukacha!

Ngaba wakha wazibuza ukuba zisebenza ngokukhawuleza nangokukrelekrele kangakanani na izithunywa ezincinci ezingaphakathi emizimbeni yethu, iiseli zemithambo-luvo? Enyanisweni, umzimba wethu wonke, ukusuka kwindlela esicinga ngayo ukuya kwindlela esishukumisa ngayo iingalo nemilenze yethu, ulawulwa yile nkqubo yemithambo-luvo. Ngoko ke namhlanje siza kuthetha ngento ebaluleke kakhulu enceda ezi seli zemithambo-luvo zisebenze ngokufanelekileyo. Le yiMyelin Sheath .

Yintoni iMyelin Sheath? Masiyiqonde ngokulula!

Ngamafutshane, i-myelin sheath sisigqubuthelo esikhuselayo esijikeleza iseli nganye yemithambo-luvo yethu (esikwayibiza ngokuba yi-`(Neuron)`). Ifana neglavu encinci. Yenziwe ngamafutha (oko kukuthi `(Lipids)`) kunye neeproteni. Esi sigqubuthelo sigubungela inxalenye ephambili "yesiqu" seseli yemithambo-luvo, ebizwa ngokuba yi-axon . Cinga ngayo njengentambo yombane emakhayeni ethu. Ine-sheath yeplastiki ejikeleze iingcingo zobhedu. Yile ndlela le sheath ye-myelin ekhusela ngayo iiseli zemithambo-luvo kwaye izincede zisebenze kakuhle.

Zithini iindawo ze-neuron? Zifana nomthi!

Ngaphambi kokuba sithethe ngakumbi nge-myelin sheath, masiqonde ukuba yintoni iseli yemithambo-luvo kunye nokuba ziintoni iindawo zayo. Iiseli zemithambo-luvo zenza inkqubo yethu yemithambo-luvo . Le nkqubo yemithambo-luvo ifana neziko eliphambili lokutshintshiselana ngolwazi emzimbeni wethu. Ifumana ulwazi oluvela kuwo wonke umzimba, iphendule kulo, kwaye ivumelane noko kwenzekayo ngaphakathi nangaphandle komzimba. Xa sicinga ngeseli yemithambo-luvo, inamacandelo amathathu aphambili. Khawucinge ukuba iseli yemithambo-luvo ifana nomthi : 1. I-Soma okanye Umzimba Weseli: Oku kufana nenkqubo yengcambu yomthi. Ii-dendrites , ezifana neengcambu ze-soma, zifunxa "izondlo" emhlabeni. Kodwa apha, "izondlo" ziimiyalezo yeekhemikhali ezivela kwezinye iiseli zemithambo-luvo ezikufutshane. Ezi miyalezo ziguqulwa zibe ziimpembelelo zombane. I-nucleus yeseli ikwangaphakathi kweli soma. 2. I-Axon: Oku kufana nesiqu eside somthi. Kanye njengoko izondlo ezifunxwa kwiingcambu zomthi zinyuka kwisiqu, i-axon ikwathwala iimpembelelo zombane ezivela kwi-soma ecaleni kwayo. 3. Isiphelo se-Axon: Oku kufana namahlumela aseziphelweni zamasebe omthi. Amagqabi kunye ne-pollen ziphuma kula mahlumela. Ngale ndlela, ii-electrical impulses "ziyakhululwa" kule siphelo se-axon ukuze zithathwe yiseli yemithambo-luvo elandelayo. Le nkqubo iyaqhubeka ide ifike engqondweni yakho, emgogodleni , okanye kwezinye iindawo zomzimba wakho. Isiphumo zizinto ezifana nezihlunu ezifinyezayo ukuze zishukumise ingalo yakho, zikuncede uphefumle, okanye zenze intliziyo yakho ibethe. Ngoku usenokuba nombono omncinci malunga nolwakhiwo olusisiseko lweseli yemithambo-luvo.

Kwenzeka ntoni kwiMyelin Sheath?

I-myelin sheath inemisebenzi emithathu ephambili:

• Ukukhusela: Njengoko benditshilo ngaphambili, olu qweqwe lwe-lipid-protein lubonelela ngokhuseleko olukhuselayo kwiseli yemithambo-luvo , njenge-sheath yeplastiki ejikeleze iingcingo zentambo yombane.
• Unxibelelwano olukhawulezayo: Yiyo loo nto ii-electrical impulses zihamba ukusuka kwiseli yemithambo-luvo ukuya kwenye ngokukhawuleza nangokufanelekileyo . Ngaphandle kwe-myelin, olu hambo beluya kuba lucotha kakhulu.
• Ukugcina amandla e-impulse: Le sheath ye-myelin inceda ukugcina amandla esigidimi njengoko sihamba nge-axon.

I-Myelin yenziwa ziiseli ezibizwa ngokuba zii-oligodendrocytes kwingqondo yethu nakwi-spinal cord (esiyibiza ngokuba yiCentral Nervous System (CNS) . Ngokufanayo, i-myelin yenziwa ziiseli zeSchwann kwiPeripheral Nervous System yethu (uthungelwano lwee-nerve ezingaphandle kwenkqubo ye-nervous ephakathi, ezisasazeka emzimbeni wonke). Ezi nerve ze-peripheral zezona zithumela imiyalezo phakathi kwenkqubo ye-nervous ephakathi kunye nomzimba wonke.

Zibizwa ngokuba yintoni izikhewu ezikwi-myelin sheath?

Musa ukucinga nge-myelin sheath njengento eqhubekayo, etyebileyo. Hayi, ifana nothotho olude lweebhokisi. Apho ibhokisi enye iphela khona kwaye ibhokisi elandelayo iqala, kukho umsantsa omncinci. Ngokufanayo, i-myelin sheath yenziwe luchungechunge lwee-myelin strings ezahlulwe zodwa. Ngayinye kwezi strings ze-myelin ibizwa ngokuba yi-internode . Ezi zithuba zincinci phakathi kwee-strings ezimbini ze-myelin zibizwa ngokuba zii-nodes zeRanvier . Ezi nodes zeRanvier ziqulathe inani elikhulu lee-ion zesodium ezilungileyo. Xa isignali yombane, okanye i-impulse, ihamba nge-axon, itsiba ukusuka kwelinye i-node yeRanvier iye kwelinye. Xa inqumla eli gap, ii-ion zesodium ziyawutshaja umqondiso wombane. Emva koko isignali inokuqhubeka nokuhamba ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ngumbane wayo okanye ukulahlekelwa ngamandla ayo. Yindlela emangalisayo kakhulu, akunjalo?

Kwenzeka ntoni ukuba i-myelin sheath yonakele?

Kuthiwa kukho malunga neeseli zemithambo-luvo ezili-100 leebhiliyoni emzimbeni wethu. Nganye kwezi isebenza rhoqo, ithumela kwaye ifumana imiyalezo, ilawula yonke imisebenzi emzimbeni wethu. Khawucinge ukuba bekuya kwenzeka ntoni ukuba i-myelin sheath ejikeleze ezi seli zemithambo-luvo yonakele. Emva koko isantya sesignali yombane besiya kuncipha, okanye singayeka ngokupheleleyo. Esinye sezizathu eziphambili zomonakalo kwi-myelin yinkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela.Iiseli zicinga ngempazamo ukuba i-myelin yinto engaqhelekanga evela ngaphandle. Emva koko inkqubo yethu yomzimba yokuzikhusela iqala ukuhlasela i-myelin. Oku kubangela ukuba kuveliswe izinto ezibangela ukudumba, ezonakalisa i-myelin. Ekugqibeleni, iiseli ezenza i-myelin (ii-oligodendrocytes kunye neeseli zeSchwann) nazo ziyafa. Oku kutshatyalaliswa kwe-myelin sheath kubizwa ngokuba yi-demyelination . Ngokuxhomekeke kwindawo apho i-myelin ihlaselwa khona, iimpawu zakho ziya kwahluka.

Zeziphi izifo ezonakalisa i-myelin?

Kukho izifo ezininzi ezonakalisa i-myelin. Usenokuba ukhe weva ngezinye zezi zifo.

Izifo ezichaphazela i-myelin kwinkqubo ye-nervous central (CNS):

Esona sifo sixhaphakileyo abantu abaninzi abasivileyo, esihlasela i-myelin yenkqubo yemithambo-luvo ephakathi (oko kukuthi, ingqondo kunye nomqolo), yi- multiple sclerosis . Ukongeza, kukho ezinye izifo ezininzi ezichaphazela i-myelin yenkqubo yemithambo-luvo ephakathi:

• I-Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis: Le yimpendulo engaqhelekanga, ebukhali, neqatha yomzimba eyenzeka kwinkqubo yemithambo-luvo ephakathi.
• I-Schilder's Sclerosis: Ekwaziwa ngokuba yi-"Diffuse Myelinoclastic Sclerosis", esi sisifo esingaqhelekanga esibangela ukuwohloka kwemithambo-luvo esenzeka ebantwaneni.
• I-Transverse Myelitis: Esi sisifo esibangelwa kukuzikhusela komzimba esibangela ukudumba komqolo.
• I-Neuromyelitis Optica: Kule meko, inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ihlasela imithambo-luvo yeliso kunye nomqolo ngokusebenzisa ii-antibodies .
• I-Optic Neuritis : Oku kuquka nokudumba komthambo we-optic.
• Ukususwa kwemyelin okusebenzayo: Esi sisilonda esinye esonakalisa imyelin esikhulu kuneesentimitha ezi-2.

Izifo ezichaphazela i-myelin kwinkqubo ye-nervous system:

• I-Guillain-Barre Syndrome: Ezi mpawu zinokuvela emva kokosuleleka okanye, kunqabile kakhulu, emva kokugonywa.
• I-Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyradiculoneuropathy ( CIDP ): Esi sisifo esiqhubekekayo sokuzikhusela komzimba esihlasela i-myelin.
• I-Paraproteinemic Demyelinating Neuropathy: Olu luhlobo lwe- neuropathy oluhambelana nokuba khona kwe-antibody enxulumene nomhlaza.
• Isifo samazinyo sikaCharcot Marie uhlobo 1 kunye nohlobo X: Esi sisifo semithambo-luvo esizuzwe njengelifa.
• Ukunqongophala kobhedu: Xa amanqanaba obhedu ephantsi, i-myelin ilahlekelwa ziimpawu zayo zokukhusela kwaye isengozini enkulu yokonakala.

Ziziphi ezinye iimeko ezinokonakalisa i-myelin?

Kukho ezinye izizathu zokuba i-myelin sheath inokonakala okanye itshatyalaliswe kubantu abadala:

• Istroke
• Iintsholongwane, Umzimba Ongakhuselekanga kunye Neengxaki ZeMetabolic (`(Iingxaki ZeMetabolic)`)
• Iintlobo zeetyhefu
• Ukunqongophala kweVithamini B12
• Amanye amayeza, umzekelo `(Ethambutol)`
• Ukusetyenziswa kotywala ngokugqithisileyo

Ukongeza, kwizifo ezininzi ezingaqhelekanga ezizuzwa njengelifa, i-myelin sheath ayikheki kakuhle. Imizekelo ibandakanya iTay-Sachs Disease , iGaucher Disease , iHurler Syndrome, kunye neNiemann-Pick Disease .

Khawucinge ukuba imisebenzi yomzimba wethu ibiya kuphazamiseka kangakanani ukuba ezi ndlela zikhawulezayo ezithwala imiyalezo emzimbeni wethu bezingavalwa, njengokuvalelwa kwitrafikhi. Yiyo loo nto impilo ye-myelin sheath ibaluleke kangaka.

Ngaba umonakalo kwi-myelin ungalungiswa?

Lo ngumbuzo abantu abaninzi abanawo. Ewe, i-myelin eyonakeleyo inokulungiswa , kokubini kwinkqubo yemithambo-luvo ephakathi nakwinkqubo yemithambo-luvo engaphandle. Kodwa kubalulekile ukulawula izinto ezibangela ukuqhekeka kwe-myelin, ezinje ngokudumba, kunye nokusebenzisa ukucinezelwa/ukuguqulwa kwamasosha omzimba (umzekelo , ii-steroids , i-intravenous immune globulin (IVIG) , kunye namanye amayeza). Izazinzulu zenze inkqubela phambili enkulu ekuqondeni iindlela ezinokubakho zokukhuthaza ukulungiswa kwe-myelin. Nangona kukho izifundo ezithile ezithembisayo, akukacaci ukuba zingakanani iingenelo ezibe nazo kwizigulane. Okwangoku akukho mayeza avunyiweyo okulungiswa kwe-myelin. Nazi imizekelo embalwa evela kwizifundo:

• Uvavanyo oluncinci lweSigaba sesiBini lubonise ukuba i-clemastine yomlomo ye-antihistamine ineempawu zokulungisa i-myelin. I-Clemastine iphucule ukudluliselwa kwemiqondiso yombane kwizigulane ezine-multiple sclerosis ezinomonakalo we-optic nerve. Olunye uvavanyo lokuqala lwabantu lufumanise ukuba indibaniselwano yeyeza lesifo seswekile i-metformin kunye ne-clemastine incede ekuvuseleleni i-myelin.
• Iiseli zokumaNgokuvimba imolekyuli kwiiseli ze-oligodendrocyte, ezenza i-myelin kwinkqubo yemithambo-luvo ephakathi (ezi "ziibhloko zokwakha" zazo zonke iintlobo zeeseli), iimpuku ezineempawu ezifana ne-multiple sclerosis zikwazile ukulungisa i-myelin yazo kwaye ziphinde ziphile ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba elithile.
• Uphando luyaqhubeka malunga nokuba iiseli ze-stem ziyakwazi ukulungisa umonakalo we-myelin kunye nokucothisa ukuqhubela phambili kwesi sifo.
• Amanye amayeza abonisa ithemba ekukhuseleni inkqubo yemithambo-luvo ekonakaleni okungakumbi. Eli yeza lokulwa nokuvuvukala i-ibudilast linciphise kakhulu izinga lokufa kweeseli zobuchopho (i-atrophy) kuvavanyo lweSigaba sesiBini. Iyeza le-epilepsy i-phenytoin libonakaliswe likhuselekile, linciphisa umonakalo we-myelin ngama-30% xa kuthelekiswa ne-placebo. I-antioxidant lipoic acid inokunceda ukuthintela umonakalo ongakumbi kwi-nerve fibers.

Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya

Ngoko ke, ungabona ngoku ukuba le sheath ye-myelin ibaluleke kangakanani ekusebenzeni kakuhle kwenkqubo yethu yemithambo-luvo. I-Myelin ibalulekile ekusebenzeni kakuhle kwezi bhiliyoni zeeseli zemithambo-luvo ezinxibelelana nayo yonke inxalenye yomzimba wethu kwaye zilawula yonke into.

• I-Myelin sisigqubuthelo esikhuselayo esenziwe ngamafutha kunye neeproteni ezijikeleze iiseli zemithambo-luvo.
• Inceda imithambo-luvo ukuba ihambe ngokukhawuleza nangendlela efanelekileyo.
• Ukonakala kwe-myelin kunokukhokelela kwizifo ezinzulu ezifana ne-multiple sclerosis.
• Uphando luyaqhubeka malunga neendlela zokulawula nokulungisa izifo ezibangela umonakalo we-myelin.

Izifo ezininzi kunye neemeko zinokuhlasela i-myelin. I-multiple sclerosis yeyona yaziwayo kwezi. Kodwa iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba abaphandi bahlala bekhangela iindlela zokukhusela, ukulungisa, kunye nokuhlaziya i-myelin. Kwaye benza inkqubela ethile ekwenzeni oko. Ngoko ke, kukho ithemba!

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I-Myelin, i-myelin sheath, iiseli zemithambo-luvo, ii-neurons, inkqubo yemithambo-luvo, inkqubo yemithambo-luvo ephakathi, inkqubo yemithambo-luvo engaphandle, ukususwa kwe-myelin, i-multiple sclerosis