Ngaba kukho izifo zemfuza kusapho lwakho? Masifunde ngqo nge-(Autosomal Dominant) kunye ne-(Autosomal Recessive)!

Sonke sizuza izinto ezithile kubazali bethu, akunjalo? Ngamanye amaxesha umbala wamehlo, umbala weenwele, ukuphakama... izinto ezinjalo. Ngokufanayo, singazuza izifo ezithile kookhokho bethu. Oku sikubiza ngokuba yilifa lemfuza . Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngeendlela ezimbini eziphambili ezi mfuza ezizuzwa ngazo, ezizezi `(Autosomal Dominant)` kunye `(Autosomal Recessive)`. Nangona ezi zisenokuvakala ngathi zigama lesayensi, masizame ukuziqonda ngokulula.

Ziziphi iimpawu esizizuz’ ilifa kubazali bethu?

Ngamafutshane, yonke into oyifumana kubazali bakho ifana nombala wamehlo akho, ubume beenwele zakho, nokuba ubude bakho bunjani. Ezi zizinto esizibiza ngokuba ziimpawu ezizuzwe njengelifa . Inkqubo esizifumana ngayo ezi mpawu ibizwa ngokuba yilifa .

Yintoni ipateni yelifa `(Autosomal Dominant)`?

Le yindlela enye yokudluliselwa kweempawu zemfuza ukusuka kubazali ukuya ebantwaneni. Khawucinge nje, ukuba umama okanye utata unempawu ezithile zemfuza, kwaye zidluliselwa njenge-"Autosomal Dominant", loo mpawu inokudluliselwa kuphela emntwaneni ukuba ngumzali omnye kuphela onezo mpawu zitshintshileyo. Into ebalulekileyo kukuba umntwana ngamnye womzali onophawu olunjalo lwe-"Autosomal Dominant" unethuba elingama-50% (inye kwababini) lokufumana olo phawu. Oko kuthetha ukuba umntwana unokulufumana okanye angalufumani. Kufana nokuphosa ingqekembe. Khumbula, ezo zinto zidluliselwa kuphela ebantwaneni ukuba kukho utshintsho kwi-"Sperm", "Egg", okanye "DNA" yabazali.

Ngamafutshane: Kwi-"Autosomal Dominant", umntwana udla ilifa lolu phawu xa umzali omnye kuphela edla ilifa le-gene "elawulayo".

Ngoko ke yintoni ipatheni yofuzo lwe-`(Autosomal Recessive)`?

Le yenye indlela yofuzo. Kodwa le yahlukile kancinci. Umzali onophawu lwe-"Autosomal Recessive " akayi kubonisa zimpawu. Oko kukuthi, basenokungazi nokuba banalo ijini. Ukuze olu phawu ludluliselwe ebantwaneni babo, bobabini abazali kufuneka babe ngabathwali bejini etshintshiweyo yolu phawu. Ukuba bobabini abazali banolu hlobo lwejini "ebuthathaka", ngamnye kubantwana babo unethuba le-25% (inye kwabane) lokufumana imeko/uphawu lwejini. Oko kuthetha ukuba umntwana unokuba nale meko, okanye abe ngumthwali wejini, okanye abe sempilweni ngokupheleleyo. Nalapha, ezi zinto zidluliselwa ebantwaneni ukuba kukho utshintsho kwi-"Sperm"`, ``Egg`` okanye ``DNA``.

Ngamafutshane: Kwi-"Autosomal Recessive", umntwana uya kufumana olo phawu/isifo kuphela ukuba umama notata bazuza ilifa le-"weak" gene.

Lithetha ukuthini igama elithi ``Autosomal``?

I-'Autosomal' ithetha ukuba i-gene ayikho kwi-chromosome yesini, kodwa kwi-chromosome eneenombolo. Abantu banee-chromosome ezingama-46 zizonke. Ufumana ezingama-23 kumama wakho kunye nezingama-23 kutata wakho, nto leyo ekunika ezingama-46. Kula ma-chromosome, kukho ii-chromosome ezimbini zesini (u-X no-Y). Ezinye ii-chromosome ezingama-22 zii-chromosome ezineenombolo. Zizo kuphela ezineenombolo ezisebenzisa ipateni ye-'Autosomal' yelifa.

Sizifumana njani ezi mpawu? Kwenzeka ntoni ngaphakathi kuthi?

Ezi mpawu sizizuza njengelifa kwiqanda likamama wethu nakwisidoda sikatata wethu. Ezi ziqulathe izinto zethu zofuzo. Yinkqubo entsonkothileyo kakhulu. Makhe sijonge iindawo zayo eziphambili:

• ( i-DNA ): Le yimolekyuli ephambili egcina ulwazi lwethu lwemfuza.
• Iijini : Ezi ziindawo ezithile ze-DNA. Ijini nganye imisela iimpawu zethu.
• IiChromosomes : Ezi zizakhiwo ezenziwe ziintambo ezininzi zeDNA. Iigenes zifumaneka ngaphakathi kwezi chromosomes.

Cinga ngale ndlela: ii-chromosomes zifana neeshelufu zeencwadi. I-DNA ifana neencwadi ezikwezo shelufu. Ii-genes zifana nezahluko kwezo ncwadi. Ufumana ikopi enye ye-gene kumama wakho kunye nekopi enye kutata wakho. Oko kudala isibini see-genes. Ezi genes zingaphakathi kweeseli zakho. Ezi seli ziyahlukana kwaye zenze iikopi zazo, nto leyo eyenza umzimba wakho wonke. Xa iiseli zahlukana, ii-chromosomes kunye nee-genes kufuneka zifane kwiseli nganye. Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha, xa ezi seli zahlukana, kunokubakho impazamo ekwahlulweni kwezinto ze-genetic. Yiloo nto siyibiza ngokuba yi-mutation. Oku kunokutshintsha umsebenzi welo seli.

Ezi mpawu zizuzwe njengelifa ziyichaphazela njani imizimba yethu?

Iimpawu ezizuzwe njengelifa zezona zimisela inkangeleko yakho yomzimba, indlela okhangeleka ngayo, kunye nento ekwenza wahluke kwabanye. Ngamanye amaxesha, impazamo yokwahlukana kweeseli inokubangela utshintsho lwezakhi zofuzo kwi-DNA yakho. Olu tshintsho lunokubangela izifo zezakhi zofuzo. Oku kuthetha ukuba indlela iiseli ezikhula ngayo kunye nokusebenza kwayo inokutshintsha. Nangona kunjalo, ayizizo zonke iinguqu ezibangela izifo. Ezinye iinguqu azibangeli zifo, kodwa ezinye iinguqu zinokubangela izifo ezinzulu.

Iphi i-`(DNA)` emizimbeni yethu?

I-DNA ikwiseli nganye emzimbeni wakho. Ihlala ingaphakathi kwi-nucleus, eliziko lolawulo lweseli. Wenziwe ziitriliyoni zeeseli.

Injani i-`(DNA)`?

I-DNA yakho yenziwe ngeentlobo ezine zeziseko: i-adenine (A), i-cytosine (C), i-thymine (T), kunye ne-guanine (G). Ezi ziseko zidibene ukuze zenze izibini zesiseko: u-A kunye no-T, kunye no-C kunye no-G. Ezi zibini zesiseko, kunye nemolekyuli yeswekile kunye nemolekyuli ye-phosphate (ebizwa ngokuba yi-nucleotide), zenza isakhiwo esimile okwe-spiral esibizwa ngokuba yi-double helix. Izibini zesiseko ziinqanaba zeleli, kwaye iimolekyuli zeswekile kunye ne-phosphate ziinqanaba kumacala omabini eleli. Akumangalisi oko?

Utshintsho lwe-DNA luyitshintsha njani i-DNA?

Utshintsho lwemfuza lunokwenzeka xa iseli yahlukana okanye xa iseli ivezwe kwinto enobungozi. Utshintsho kukutshintsha kwesakhiwo se-DNA esine-helix ephindwe kabini. Oku kuthetha ukuba i-gene ayikho apho kufanele ukuba ibe khona kwi-chromosome. Kukho iindlela ezininzi eziphambili ezinokwenzeka ngayo utshintsho:

• Ukutshintshwa: I-nucleotide enye ithathelwa indawo yenye.
• Ukufakwa: Kongezwa i-nucleotide eyongezelelweyo kwi-DNA strand.
• Ukususwa: I-nucleotide isuswa kwi-DNA chain.

Nokuba utshintsho oluncinci olufana nolu lunokuba nefuthe elikhulu.

Zeziphi izifo eziphambili zemfuza ezizuzwa njengelifa ngendlela ethi "Autosomal Dominant"?

Kukho izifo ezininzi zemfuza ezizuzwa njengelifa kule ndlela. Eminye imizekelo yile:

• Isifo sikaHuntington
• Isifo sikaMarfan
• I-Achondroplasia (imeko ebangela ukuba umntu abe mfutshane)

Zeziphi izifo eziphambili zemfuza ezizuzwa njenge-"Autosomal Recessive"?

Kukwakho nezifo zemfuza ezizuzwa njengelifa kule ndlela. Nazi ezinye zemizekelo:

• Icystic fibrosis
• Isifo seSickle cell
• Isifo sikaTay -Sachs

La magama asenokuvakala engaqhelekanga, kodwa la ngamagama asetyenziswa ngoogqirha. Ukuba ukhe weva ngento efana nale, ngoku uyazi ukuba yimfuza.

Ngaba kukho iimvavanyo zokujonga impilo yezakhi zofuzo zethu?

Ewe, kukho iimvavanyo ezahlukeneyo zokufumanisa iingxaki zemfuza. Uvavanyo lwemfuza lunokuchonga utshintsho kwimfuza yakho, kwiikromosomu, okanye kwiiproteni. Olu vavanyo lunokufumanisa iimfuza eziguqukileyo ezibangela iimeko zemfuza. Ngokukodwa, olu vavanyo lunceda abazali abaceba ukuba nabantwana baqonde umngcipheko wokudlulisela isifo semfuza ebantwaneni babo.

Ngaba ezi zifo zemfuza azinakuthintelwa ukuba zidluliselwe ebantwaneni?

Enyanisweni, asinakukhetha ukuba zeziphi ii-genes esifuna ukuzidlulisela ebantwaneni bethu. Ngenxa yoko, akunakwenzeka ukuthintela ngokupheleleyo izifo ze-genetic ukuba zingadluliselwa ebantwaneni bethu. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba kukho isifo se-genetic kusapho lwakho, ungathetha nogqirha wakho malunga novavanyo lwe-genetic ukuze uqonde umngcipheko wakho wokusidlulisela kumntwana wakho. Ungadibana nomcebisi we-genetic ukuze uxoxe ngeziphumo zovavanyo kwaye usombulule naziphi na iingxaki onokuba nazo.

Singayigcina njani "i-DNA" yethu isempilweni?

Nangona singenakuzitshintsha ii-genes esizizuz’ ilifa, singenza izinto ezithile ukunciphisa umonakalo kwi-DNA yethu, oko kukuthi, ukwenziwa kwe-mutations entsha.

• Yitya ukutya okunempilo nokunesondlo. Ukutya ukutya okunesondlo kubaluleke kakhulu.
• Zilolonge. Gcina umzimba wakho usebenza.
• Musa ukutshaya . Ukutshaya kungonakalisa i-DNA.
• Nciphisa utywala obuselayo.
• Fumana utyelelo rhoqo kwimpilo-ntle ukuze naziphi na iingxaki zibonwe kwangethuba.

Khumbula, nangona ezi zinto zinokunciphisa umonakalo omtsha kwi-"(i-DNA)" yethu, azinakutshintsha ii-genes esizizuzileyo.

Umyalezo Wokugqibela Wokuya Ekhaya

Iijini esizizuza kubazali bethu zisenza sibe ngabantu abahlukileyo. Iimeko zejini zinokuzuzwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. `(Autosomal Dominant)` kunye `(Autosomal Recessive)` zezona ndlela zimbini ziphambili. Ukuba unethemba lokuba nomntwana, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthetha nogqirha wakho okanye umcebisi wezejini malunga nokuba kukho isifo sejini kusapho lwakho. Emva koko ungafumana ukuqonda okucacileyo ngemingcipheko yakho, iimvavanyo ezinokwenziwa, kunye namanyathelo ekufuneka uwathathe ngokulandelayo. Ndiyathemba ukuba olu lwazi luya kuba luncedo kuwe. Ukuba unemibuzo, ungabi namahloni ukubuza ugqirha. Hlala uphilile!

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Ufuzo , iijini, i-DNA, i-Autosomal Dominant, i-Autosomal Recessive, izifo zemfuza, ilifa