Iskeni esijonga amanzi angasemva kwentamo yomntwana wakho: Konke malunga neNuchal Translucency!

Ukuba ungumama ozayo, ugqirha wakho usenokuba ukuxelele ngesi skeni sibizwa ngokuba yi-'Nuchal Translucency'. Usenokuba ukhe weva ngaso kumhlobo wakho. Yintoni kanye kanye esi skeni? Sijonge ntoni? Ngaba kuyimfuneko ukuba senziwe? Mhlawumbi unemibuzo emininzi efana nale. Ungakhathazeki, siza kukuchazela yonke into ngendlela elula onokuyiqonda.

Yintoni iNuchal Translucency?

Ngamafutshane, i-nuchal translucency yi-ultrasound scan ekhethekileyo eyenziwa ngexesha le-trimester yokuqala yokukhulelwa kwakho. Ngokusisiseko ijonga ubukhulu bolwelo lwe-amniotic phantsi kolusu ngasemva kwentamo yomntwana wakho , okanye ukuba lungakanani ulwelo olukhoyo. Ubusazi na ukuba umntwana ngamnye unolwelo oluncinci lwe-amniotic ngasemva kwentamo yakhe, kwaye kuyinto eqhelekileyo ngokupheleleyo ?

Nangona kunjalo, ngokulinganisa ubungakanani bolu lwelo, oogqirha banokubona umngcipheko wokuba umntwana abe neemeko ezithile ze-chromosome okanye utshintsho lwemfuza .

Into ebalulekileyo kukuba olu vavanyo lwe-"NT" luvavanyo lokuhlola kuphela. Oko kukuthi, alufumanisi umntwana ukuba unaso na isifo. Lunceda ugqirha wakho kuphela ukuba agqibe ukuba umntwana usemngciphekweni na, kwaye ukuba kunjalo, nokuba kufuneka olunye uvavanyo na. Uyifumene?

Ijongeka njani le scan?

Kulungile, ngoku masibone ukuba yintoni kanye kanye le skeni ethi 'nuchal translucency' ijonge kuyo. Ngale skeni, ugqirha ujonga indawo engasemva kwentamo yomntwana ebizwa ngokuba yi 'nuchal fold.' Njengoko benditshilo ngaphambili, umntwana ngamnye unolwelo ngasemva kwentamo yakhe. Oogqirha bafumanise ukuba iintsana ezineemeko ezithile ze-chromosome okanye zemfuza zinokuba nolwelo oluninzi kule ndawo yentamo yazo.

Ziziphi iimeko ozijongayo ukuze ubone ukuba kukho umngcipheko?

Ukuba ubungakanani bolwelo olusemva kwentamo luphezulu kunesiqhelo, oko kunokubonisa ukuba umntwana usemngciphekweni wokufumana izifo ezifana nezi:

• I-Down syndrome (iTrisomy 21) : Usenokuba ukhe weva ngale nto. Le yimeko ejongwa kakhulu yi-'NT' scan.
• Isifo sikaPatau (iTrisomy 13)
• Isifo sikaEdwards (isifo sikaEdwards - iTrisomy 18)

Ezi zezona zinto ziphambili ezingaqhelekanga kwi-chromosome ezifunwayo. Ukongeza, ixabiso elinyukileyo le-`NT` linokuhambelana nezinye izifo zentliziyo zokuzalwa., oko kuthetha ukuba inokunxulunyaniswa nomngcipheko okhulayo weengxaki ezithile zentliziyo zokuzalwa. Ngoko ke, iziphumo ze-'NT' scan zinokunika umbono ocacileyo wokuba umntwana unokuba nala mava okanye mancinci na .

Enye into kukuba ngexesha lovavanyo lwe-"NT``, oogqirha bajonga iindawo ezininzi zomzimba womntwana okhulayo. Umzekelo, bajonga ukuba ingaba ukhakhayi, ubuchopho, amalungu, kunye namathumbu omntwana akhula ngendlela eqhelekileyo na. Ukuba ezinye izinto ezingaqhelekanga zifunyenwe ngexesha lovavanyo lwe-"NT``, oku kunokunyusa umngcipheko weemeko zemfuza okanye zesakhiwo.

Iskeni se-NT senziwa nini?

Oku kukwayingxaki nakoomama abaninzi. I-'NT' scan yenziwa phakathi kweeveki ezili-11 kunye neeveki ezili-13 kunye neentsuku ezi-6 zokukhulelwa. Ngamanye amazwi, yenziwa xa ubude ukusuka entlokweni yomntwana ukuya ezantsi (oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-'Crown-Rump Length - CRL`) buphakathi kwe-45 kunye ne-84 millimeters .

Kutheni kwenziwa ngeli xesha lithile ? Isizathu kukuba emva kweeveki ezili-14, njengoko umntwana ekhula, ulwelo olungasemva kwentamo luqala ukufunxwa lubuyele emzimbeni womntwana. Emva koko kunzima ukululinganisa ngokuchanekileyo. Yiyo loo nto oogqirha becebisa ukuba kwenziwe i-"NT" scan ngeli xesha lithile. Olu vavanyo lwe-"NT" scan ludla ngokwenziwa njengenxalenye yovavanyo lokuhlola lwekota yokuqala .

Yintoni le khithi yokuvavanya ikota yokuqala?

Usenokuba ukhe waliva eli gama ngaphambili. ``Ikhithi yoVavanyo lweNyanga yokuQala'' (ngamanye amaxesha ibizwa ngokuba yi-``Combined Sequential Screening'') yiseti yovavanyo oluvavanya umngcipheko womntwana wokufumana iimeko ezithile zokuzalwa , oko kukuthi, iimeko ezikhoyo ekuzalweni.

Ukongeza kwi-NT scan, isampuli yegazi nayo iyathathwa kuwe . Olu vavanyo lwegazi lunceda ekuvavanyeni umngcipheko wokuba umntwana wakho abe neemeko zokuzalwa. Enyanisweni, iziphumo zezi vavanyo zegazi kunye ne-NT scan yodwa zichaneke ngakumbi .

Ngubani ofuna i-NT scan?

I-scan ye-`NT` ingenziwa nangubani na okhulelweyo , kodwa kufuneka yenziwe phakathi kweveki ye-11 neye-13 ekhankanyiweyo ngaphambili. Olu ayilovavanyo olunyanzelekileyo, alunyanzelekanga .

Nangona kunjalo, oogqirha abaninzi bayayicebisa le nto kuba inokukunceda ubone naziphi na iingozi kwasekuqaleni. Kungcono ukuthetha nogqirha wakho uze wenze isigqibo ngokusekelwe kwinto eza kukhangela uvavanyo ngalunye kunye nezinto ezilungileyo nezingalunganga.

Iskeni se-NT senziwa njani?

Oku kulula kakhulu. I-NT scan yenziwa ngendlela efanayo ne-ultrasound scan eqhelekileyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, yi-ultrasound yesisu.Kwenziwe enye. Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha, umzekelo, ukuba kunzima ukufumana umfanekiso ocacileyo ngenxa yendawo esikuyo isibeleko sakho okanye indawo yomntwana, kunokwenziwa iskeni nge-vaginal ultrasound .

Ngaphambi kokuba kuskeniwe, ugqirha okanye ingcali yokuskena iza kusebenzisa ijeli ye-ultrasound esiswini sakho. Emva koko, isixhobo esincinci esiphathwa ngesandla esibizwa ngokuba yi-transducer siza kuhanjiswa phezu kwesisu sakho. Imifanekiso yomntwana wakho iya kuboniswa kwisikrini. Ubukhulu bolwelo olungasemva kwentamo yomntwana wakho buya kulinganiswa ngeemilimitha . Awuyi kuva ntlungu ngeli xesha le nkqubo.

Zibalwa njani iziphumo ze-NT scan?

Umngcipheko awusoloko ubalwa ngokusekelwe kwixabiso elivela kwi-NT scan kuphela. Ugqirha wakho uhlala edibanisa iziphumo zazo zonke iimvavanyo zakho ze-trimester yokuqala ukuze abale umngcipheko wakho wokuba umntwana wakho abe nesifo sokuzalwa.

Nditshilo ngaphambili ukuba ukwenza uvavanyo lwegazi kunye ne-NT scan kwandisa ukuchaneka kweziphumo. Ngoko ke, kwiimeko ezininzi, iziphumo zazo zombini, ubudala bakho, mhlawumbi nokuba ithambo lempumlo lomntwana liyabonakala na (oku kukwasetyenziselwa ukubona umngcipheko we-Down syndrome), ziyaqwalaselwa xa kukunika amanqaku okugqibela omngcipheko.

Kutheni iziphumo zibizwa ngokuba "ngumngcipheko"?

Iziphumo ozifumanayo zihlala zichazwa njengomngcipheko wezibalo . Umzekelo, iziphumo zakho zinokuthi "1 kwi-300 ithuba." Oku kuthetha ukuba kwiintsana ezingama-300 ezineziphumo ezifanayo ze-'NT' kunye nezinye iziphumo zovavanyo ezifana nezakho, 1 kuphela kwi-300 oza kuba nale meko yokuzalwa.

• Ukuba inqanaba lolwelo liqhelekile : Oku kuthetha ukuba umngcipheko wesifo sokuzalwa uphantsi .
• Ukuba ubungakanani bolwelo buphezulu : Oku kuthetha ukuba kukho umngcipheko ophezulu wokuba nesifo sokuzalwa okanye semfuza.

Cinga ngale ndlela, ukuba uxelelwa ukuba umngcipheko wokutshayiswa yimoto ngelixa uhamba esitalatweni ngu-1 kwi-1000, oko akuthethi ukuba ngokuqinisekileyo uza kutshayiswa. Kunjalo nangalo mba. Nangona umngcipheko uphezulu, akuthethi ukuba umntwana ngokuqinisekileyo uza kuba nengxaki.

Into ebalulekileyo kukuba ugqirha akasoze enze uxilongo ngokusekelwe kwiziphumo ze-'NT' scan. Ezi ziimvavanyo zokuqala kuphela. Ukuba ixabiso le-'NT' liphezulu, ugqirha wakho okanye umcebisi wezemfuza uya kukuchazela malunga novavanyo olongezelelweyo. Kwiimeko ezininzi, nokuba ixabiso le-'NT' liphezulu, lisenokungahambelani nemeko ye-chromosome okanye yemfuza. Yiyo loo nto kucetyiswa uvavanyo olongezelelweyo.

Ichaneke kangakanani i-NT scan?

Ukuba wenza iskeni ye-`NT` yodwa, iya kukwazi ukubona iimeko ezifana ne-`Down syndrome (Trisomy 21)` kwi-70% yamatyala.Ingafunyanwa. Nangona kunjalo, oogqirha abaninzi badibanisa i-"NT" scan kunye novavanyo lwegazi olukhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla. Emva koko, ukuchaneka kokufumanisa ezi meko kunyuka kuye kuthi ga kwi-95% . Yipesenti ephezulu leyo, akunjalo?

Ngaba kukho naziphi na iingozi ngolu vavanyo?

Hayi. Uvavanyo lweNuchal translucency luvavanyo olungenamngcipheko uphantsi . Lufana nje ne-ultrasound scan eqhelekileyo. Ayizukukwenzakalisa wena okanye umntwana wakho.

Kwenzeka ntoni ukuba iziphumo ze-NT scan aziqhelekanga?

Kulapho oomama abaninzi bayoyika khona. Ndingathanda ukukukhumbuza kwakhona ukuba i-'NT` scan ibonisa kuphela umngcipheko wokuba umntwana abe nesifo esithile. Ngoko ke, ukuba iziphumo zakho ze-scan aziqhelekanga, oko kuthetha ukuba ixabiso le-`NT` liphezulu, ungoyiki .

Ugqirha wakho uya kukuxelela ngeemvavanyo ezininzi zokuxilonga . Ezi mvavanyo ziquka:

• I-Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS) : Oku kuquka ukuthatha iqhekeza elincinci lesicwili kwi-placenta yakho uze ulivavanye ukuze ubone ukuba lifuna ukuxilongwa ngokwemfuza. Oku kudla ngokwenziwa phakathi kweeveki ezili-10 ukuya kwezili-13 zokukhulelwa.
• I-Amniocentesis : Oku kwenziwa kamva kancinci xa ukhulelwe, ngesiqhelo emva kweeveki ezili-15. Oku kuquka ukusebenzisa inaliti ukususa inani elincinci lolwelo lwe-amniotic esibelekweni sakho. Olu lwelo luqulathe iiseli zomntwana, kwaye ezi seli zinokuvavanywa ukuze kufunyanwe iingxaki zofuzo okanye usulelo.

Kungoko ke iziphumo zezi mvavanyo apho sinokubona ngokuchanekileyo ukuba umntwana unesimo esithile okanye akunjalo .

Ukongeza, ukuba ixabiso le-`NT` liphezulu, ugqirha unokuyalela ukuba kwenziwe iskeni ebizwa ngokuba yi-fetal echocardiogram ukuze kujongwe ngqo intliziyo yomntwana, njengoko ixabiso le-`NT` elingaqhelekanga linokunxulunyaniswa neziphene ezithile zentliziyo yomntwana ongekazalwa.

Musa ukoyika! Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba...

Ukuba nje iziphumo zakho ze-NT scan aziqhelekanga akuthethi ukuba umntwana wakho unengxaki. Ungakhathazeki, ungoyiki . Ugqirha wakho uza kwenza uvavanyo olongezelelekileyo, okanye akhangele iimpawu zengxaki kwenye i-ultrasound okanye uvavanyo lwegazi. Banokukuthumela kumcebisi wezemfuza . Ngale ndlela, unokufunda okungakumbi ngezi meko, iingozi zazo, kunye nezinye iimvavanyo ezikhoyo.

Yintoni ixabiso eliqhelekileyo le-NT?

Ubungakanani bolwelo olusemva kwentamo yomntwana luyanda kancinci njengoko ukukhulelwa kuqhubeka. Oku kuthetha ukuba ixabiso eliqhelekileyo kwiiveki ezili-13 linokuba phezulu kancinci kunexabiso eliqhelekileyo kwiiveki ezili-11.

Amaziko ezonyango ahlukeneyo anemilinganiselo ye-NT eyahlukileyo kancinci yovavanyo olongezelelweyo. Oku kusekelwe kwixabiso le-NT kunye nobudala bokukhulelwa.

Nangona kunjalo, kuninzi lokukhulelwa, ukuba ixabiso le-NT lingaphezulu kwe-3 mm okanye i-3.5 mm , kuyacetyiswa ukuba kuxoxwe ngengcebiso yezakhi zofuzo kunye novavanyo olongezelelweyo. Nangona kunjalo, eli lixabiso nje, kwaye ugqirha wakho uya kukunika icebiso elifanelekileyo ngokusekelwe kwimeko yakho.

Ngaba i-NT scan engaqhelekanga ithetha ukuba umntwana une-Down syndrome?

Hayi, akunjalo konke konke . Iziphumo zeskeni ye-nuchal translucency engaqhelekanga azithethi ukuba umntwana ngokuqinisekileyo uya kuba ne -Down syndrome okanye enye imeko yokuzalwa. Oku kuthetha kuphela ukuba umntwana usemngciphekweni omkhulu okanye unokuba nemeko enjalo.

Nokuba ixabiso le-NT liqhelekile, oogqirha banokufuna ukwenza uvavanyo lwegazi ukongeza kwi-NT scan kuba oku kunokunika uvavanyo oluchanekileyo lomngcipheko wakho. Kwezinye iimeko, kufuneka uvavanyo olongezelelweyo lokukhulelwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba umntwana wakho uzalwe enesimo semfuza.

Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukwazi iziphumo?

Kwiimeko ezininzi, ugqirha unokukuxelela iziphumo ze-NT ultrasound scan ngaloo mini inye . Oku kuthetha ukuba ubungakanani bolwelo olungasemva kwentamo bungalinganiswa kwaye ixabiso lingaziwa ngaloo mini inye.

Nangona kunjalo, iziphumo zovavanyo lwegazi olwenziwe ngovavanyo lwe-"first-trimester" zingathatha iintsuku ezimbalwa okanye iveki okanye ezimbini ukuba zibuye . Oogqirha abaninzi balinda de kuvele zonke ezi ziphumo ngaphambi kokuba bakwazi ukubala ukuba umntwana usemngciphekweni okanye akunjalo. Kulapho ke baya kukuchazela khona yonke into.

Okokugqibela, umyalezo oya ekhaya

Iskeni ye-``Nuchal Translucency (NT)'' luvavanyo lokuqala olubalulekileyo olunceda ekuqinisekiseni umngcipheko wosana wokuba nesifo sokuzalwa okanye semfuza.

• Olu luvavanyo lokuhlola kuphela, alulovavanyo lokuxilonga.
• Ungakhathazeki ukuba iziphumo aziqhelekanga. Oku kuthetha ukuba kufuneka uvavanyo olongezelelekileyo.
• Kusenokubakho ithuba lokuba uza kuba nomntwana osempilweni .
• Thetha nogqirha wakho ngononophelo malunga nokuba iziphumo zovavanyo lwakho zithetha ukuthini kunye nento omawuyenze emva koko.
• Ukuthetha nomcebisi wezofuzo nokuxoxa ngezinto ezilungileyo nezingalunganga zovavanyo lwexesha elizayo kunokuba luncedo kakhulu.

Ndiyathemba ukuba olu lwazi lukuncede ukuba uqonde ngcono i-NT scan. Ungaze woyike ukubuza ugqirha wakho nayiphi na imibuzo okanye iinkxalabo onokuba nazo.

` ukukhanya kwe-nuchal, iskeni ye-NT, uhlolo lwe-trimester yokuqala, umngcipheko we-Down syndrome, ukungaqheleki kwe-chromosome, iskeni yokukhulelwa, uhlolo lwangaphambi kokukhulelwa, i-ultrasound ye-fetal, uvavanyo lokukhulelwa, ukukhanya kwe-nuchal, i-Down syndrome, uhlolo lwe-fetal