Ngaba uyazi ngemithambo yegazi emincinci kodwa enamandla (iiArterioles) emizimbeni yethu?

Ngaba wakha wazibuza ukuba igazi lihamba njani emizimbeni yethu? Kolu hambo oluthatha igazi lisuka entliziyweni liye kuwo onke amalungu omzimba, kukho amaqela amancinci kodwa abaluleke kakhulu adlala indima engabonakaliyo. Abizwa ngokuba yi-'(Arterioles)'. Ngamafutshane, la yimithambo yegazi emincinci kakhulu. Namhlanje, siza kuthetha ngala '(Arterioles)', umsebenzi awenzayo, kunye nendlela yokuwagcina esempilweni.

Zithini iiArterioles? Ziphi?

Kulungile, masiqale sibone ukuba zeziphi ezi `(Arterioles)` (ezibizwa ngokuba zii-`arterioles'). Uyazi ukuba igazi liphuma entliziyweni yethu liye emzimbeni ngemithambo yegazi emikhulu, oko kukuthi, imithambo yegazi. Ezo mithambo yegazi mikhulu zahlulwe zaba yimijelo yegazi emincinci kakhulu, emincinci, engatyebanga njengoboya. Zibizwa ngokuba zii-`(Arterioles).` Njengeendlela ezincinci ezisecaleni ezahlukana nendlela enkulu. Ezi `(Arterioles)` zezona mijelo yegazi mincinci, emincinci ethwala igazi ukuya kwii-`(Capillaries)`. Khawuthelekelele, ezi `(Capillaries)` zifana neziko lotshintshiselwano. Kulapho izicubu kunye namalungu omzimba wethu afumana khona ioksijini kunye nezondlo ezifunekayo egazini, kwaye imveliso engcolileyo kwezo zicubu ibuyiselwa egazini. Ukunceda ngolu tshintshiselwano, imithambo yegazi emincinci, ebizwa ngokuba zii-venule (ezi zithwala igazi libuyele entliziyweni), ikwaqhagamshelwe kwezi capillaries. Ngoko ke, zifumaneka phi ezi arterioles? Enyanisweni, kuyo yonke indawo emzimbeni wethu! Kuba yonke iseli kunye nezicubu emzimbeni wethu zifuna ioksijini kunye nezondlo. Ngoko ke, ezi misele zincinci zisasazeke emzimbeni wonke njengenethiwekhi. Ukubeka nje ngokulula, ububanzi bee-arterioles bumalunga ne-100 ukuya kwi-7 micrometers. Oko kukuthi, ixabiso elincinci kakhulu, malunga ne-0.30 ukuya kwi-0.01 millimeters. Ubukhulu bodonga bumalunga ne-0.02 millimeters. Nangona zincinci, umsebenzi wazo mkhulu kakhulu.

Yintoni umsebenzi oyintloko wezi `(Arterioles)` zincinci?

Ezi `(Arterioles)` zincinci zenza okungaphezulu kunokuba ucinga. Eyona nto iphambili kukulawula ukuhamba kwegazi kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi emzimbeni wethu wonke. Cinga nje, ezi `(Arterioles)` zidala i-80% yokumelana okwenzeka xa igazi lihamba kwinkqubo yemithambo yegazi yomzimba wethu! Ngamanye amazwi, ezi ndlela zincinci zilawula kwaye zilawula ukuba igazi lethu lihamba ngokukhawuleza kangakanani kwaye ngamandla angakanani emzimbeni, kwaye lingakanani igazi eliya kwizicubu zethu nangaliphi na ixesha. Uyazi ukuba oku kwenzeka njani? Iindonga ze`(Arterioles)` zinemisipha. Ezi misipha zinokuncitshiswa (ziqine) kwaye zandiswe (zivuleke). Njengokuba ucinezela umbhobho wamanzi kutshintsha isantya samanzi.

• Ezi "(iiArterioles)" ziyakwazi ukumelana noxinzelelo lwegazi oluvela entliziyweni.
• Ziyakwazi nokucinezela (ukufinyeza) igazi njengoko lihamba lisuka entliziyweni lisiya kwamanye amalungu omzimba. Le yindlela ehlala ihleli ngayo uxinzelelo lwegazi.

Enye into kukuba isebenza njengonxibelelwano phakathi kwemithambo emikhulu kunye nee-capillaries ezincinci kakhulu, oko kukuthi, isebenza "njengomntu ophakathi". Ezi "Arterioles" zinceda ukuhambisa ioksijini kunye nezondlo ezivela kwimithambo emikhulu ukuya kwizicubu ngee-capillaries ezinjalo, kwaye ziqokelele imveliso yenkunkuma evela kwizicubu zibuyele kwii-capillaries kwaye ziyithumele kwimithambo, ebizwa ngokuba yi-"Venule".

`(IiArterioles)` ziwanceda njani amanye amalungu ethu omzimba?

Njengoko benditshilo ngaphambili, `(iiArterioles)` zifumaneka kuwo wonke umzimba, ngoko ke zinceda onke amalungu omzimba wethu. Nazi ezinye zemizekelo:

• Elusu lwethu: Ezinye ze-`(Arterioles)` ziyaqina kwaye zinceda ukugcina igazi lingaphakathi emzimbeni. Emva koko siziva singabanda kangako, kwaye umzimba uhlala ufudumele. Kwakhona, xa i-`(Arterioles)` eluswini isanda (iyanda), yonyusa ukuhamba kwegazi eluswini nasemalungeni. Emva koko ubushushu obuvela emzimbeni buyakhululwa, size sizive sipholile.
• Izintso : I-glomerulus ( umthambo omncinci wegazi ohluza igazi) kwizintso iqhagamshelwe kwinethiwekhi yemithambo yegazi ebizwa ngokuba yi-afferent arterioles. Ezi zinokwandiswa, zivumele igazi elingakumbi ukuba lihluzwe. Ii-arterioles eziphumayo zikwathwala igazi libuye livela kwi-glomerulus.
• Imiphunga : Xa imiphunga ingafumani ioksijini eyaneleyo, ii-arterioles apho ziyancipha. Oku kubangela ukuba igazi liphambukiswe kwiindawo ezineoksijini ephantsi lize lithunyelwe kwiindawo ezineoksijini ephezulu.
• Ubuchopho: Ii-arterioles ezikwingqondo zinokukhula, zinyuse inani legazi eliya engqondweni. Oku kuvumela ingqondo ukuba ifumane ioksijini kunye nezondlo ezingcono.

Amanye amaqiniso amangalisayo malunga ne-`(Arterioles)`!

Kukho izinto ezimangalisayo kakhulu ngezi "Arterioles" zincinci.

Esinye sesokuba yonke iseli yemisipha egudileyo kwi-arteriole ine-neuron yayo, okanye iseli yemithambo-luvo. Ngokwesiqhelo, iiseli zemithambo-luvo ezininzi ziyadibana ukuze zithumele imiqondiso kwiqela leeseli zemisipha. Kodwa apha, iseli nganye yemisipha ifumana umyalezo ngokuthe ngqo!

Oku kuthetha ukuba ukuba inkqubo yethu yemithambo-luvo ifumana isignali yokwandisa okanye ukunciphisa ububanzi be-`(Arteriole)`, ingakwenza oko ngokukhawuleza nangokuchanekile kakhulu. Oku kunceda ukulawula uxinzelelo lwegazi kunye nobungakanani bokuhamba kwegazi ngokuchanekileyo. Enye into emangalisayo kukuba ukuba ububanzi be-`(Arteriole)` buncitshisiwe bube sisiqingatha, oko kukuthi, ukuba bugoqwe kakuhle phakathi, ubungakanani begazi elihamba kuyo buyancipha bube yinye kwishumi elinesithandathu (1/16)! Oku kuthetha ukuba notshintsho oluncinci kububanzi lunempembelelo enkulu kubungakanani bokuhamba kwegazi.

Zenziwe ngantoni ii-`(Arterioles)`?

Ii-arterioles azingombhobho nje kuphela. Ziindlela eziguquguqukayo, ezixineneyo ezenziwe ngezihlunu. Yiyo loo nto zinokugcina uxinzelelo lwegazi kwaye zilawule ubungakanani begazi elihamba ngazo. Zinemisipha emininzi kunemithambo. Oku kungenxa yokuba kufuneka zifinyeze kwaye zande ngokufanelekileyo ukuze zimelane noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu oluphampa intliziyo kwaye zilawule ukuhamba kwegazi. Ii-arterioles zineeleya ezintathu eziphambili: 1. I-Tunica intima: Le yileya ingaphakathi. Yenziwe ziiseli ze-epithelial. Le leya inxibelelana neleya yezihlunu embindini. 2. I-Tunica media: Le yileya iphakathi. Iqulethe iiseli zezihlunu ezigudileyo kunye nezicubu ezithambileyo. Ii-arterioles ziyafinyeza kwaye zande ngenxa yale leya. 3. I-Tunica adventitia: Le yileya ingaphandle. Yenziwe zizicubu ezidibeneyo, ii-collagen fibers, kunye neziphelo zemithambo-luvo.

Ziziphi izifo eziqhelekileyo ezichaphazela `(iArterioles)`?

Ii-arterioles zikwayimithambo yegazi. Ngoko ke, iimeko ezichaphazela inkqubo yethu yentliziyo zinokuchaphazela nee-arterioles. Nazi ezinye zezi meko:

• Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu : Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluhlala luphezulu luyonakalisa ii-arterioles.
• Ukutshaya : Ukutshaya konakalisa ulwelo lwangaphakathi lwemithambo yegazi kwaye kunciphisa ukuguquguquka kwayo.
• I-cholesterol ephezulu: Xa amanqanaba e-cholesterol egazini esanda, inokuqokelelana kwimithambo yegazi, inciphise imithambo yegazi. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-atherosclerosis.
• Isifo Esingapheliyo Sokuqanda Amaphaphu ( COPD ): Esi sifo sinokuchaphazela ii-arterioles emiphungeni.
• Isifo samathumbu esidumbileyo
• Ihlwili legazi `(Thrombosis)`
• Isifo samathambo
• Icystic fibrosis
• I-Vasculitis: Oku kuthetha ukudumba kunye nokudumba kweendonga zemithambo yegazi.
• I-Arteriolosclerosis: Iiproteni ezifakwa eludongeni lwemithambo yegazi, ingakumbi kwi-arterioles yezintso.
• Imivimbo emincinci:Ingabangelwa kukuvaleka kwe-"Arteriole" okanye "Aneurysms" (ukuqhuma komthambo wegazi).
• I-microangiopathy enxulumene nesifo seswekile: Isifo seswekile sibangela umonakalo kwi-arterioles, ezithi zingafumani ioksijini.

Okubaluleke kakhulu, xa iindonga ze-arterioles zonakele, azikwazi ukufinyela okanye ukuvuleka kakuhle. Oku kunempembelelo enkulu kuxinzelelo lwegazi kunye nokuhamba kwegazi.

Ziziphi iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zezifo ezinxulumene ne-`(Arterioles)`?

Ezinye zeempawu zezifo ezichaphazela ii-arterioles zingabandakanya:

I-Vasculitis (ukudumba kwemithambo yegazi)

• Ukuhla ukusinda
• Ifiva
• Ndiziva ndidiniwe rhoqo
• Ukurhawuzelela kwesikhumba, okufana nokurhawuzelela kunye nemivumbo

`(COPD)` (Isifo Esingapheliyo Sokuthintelwa Kwemiphunga)

• Ubunzima bokuphefumla
• Ukuphefumla
• Ukukhwehlela rhoqo

Amahlwili egazi

• Ubunzima bokuphefumla (ukuba ihlwili lisemiphungeni okanye entliziyweni)
• Intlungu yesifuba (ukuba kukho igazi elijiyileyo entliziyweni)
• Ubunzima bokuthetha (ukuba kukho ihlwili legazi engqondweni)
• Ukudumba emilenzeni (uninzi lwamahlwili egazi luqala emithanjeni yemilenze)

Isifo samathumbu esidumbileyo

• Intlungu yesisu
• Ukopha (kunye nendle)
• Urhudo
• Isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza

Ukuba unale mpawu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukufuna ingcebiso kagqirha.

Iindlela zokujonga impilo ye-`(Arterioles)`

Ugqirha wakho angasebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuthatha imifanekiso ukujonga impilo yee-arterioles zakho. Ezinye zezi ziquka:

• I-CT angiogram: Oku kungathatha imifanekiso eneenkcukacha zemithambo yegazi, kuquka nee-arterioles.
• I-MR angiogram: Le yindlela yokujonga imithambo yegazi usebenzisa amaza emagnethi.
• I-Doppler ultrasound: Oku kunokubona isantya kunye nephethini yokuhamba kwegazi kwimithambo yegazi.

Olu vavanyo lunokubona naluphi na uthintelo okanye umonakalo kwi-arterioles.

Ziziphi iindlela zonyango ze-`(Arterioles)`?

Ugqirha wakho unokukunika amayeza okunceda inkqubo yakho yentliziyo – kuquka ne-arterioles – isebenze ngcono.

• Amayeza okulwa noxinzelelo lwegazi.
• Amayeza okwehlisa i-cholesterol.
• Amayeza anciphisa ukudumba (kwiimeko ezifana ne-"Vasculitis", umzekelo).
• Ukuyeka ukutshaya lunyango olubaluleke kakhulu kunye nokuthintela.

Iingcebiso ezilula zendlela yokuphila yenkqubo ye-Arterial enempilo

Ungayigcina i-`(Arterioles)` yakho isempilweni ngokulandela le mikhwa ilula:

• Nciphisa ubuninzi betyuwa oyityayo.
• Nciphisa ukutya okunamafutha amaninzi agcweleyo.(Izinto ezinje ngokutya okunamafutha, okuqhotsiweyo, inyama enamafutha)
• Zilolonge rhoqo. Ukuhamba ubuncinane imizuzu engama-30 ngosuku nako kulungile.
• Musa ukusebenzisa iimveliso zecuba. Yeka ukutshaya ngokupheleleyo.
• Gcina ubunzima obusempilweni obukufaneleyo.

Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule

Ngoko ke, ngoku uyaqonda ukuba ezi `(Arterioles)` zincinci, ezingabonakaliyo zibaluleke kangakanani emizimbeni yethu. Zizo ezilawula ukuhamba kwegazi kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi emizimbeni yethu. Sisenokungacingi kakhulu ngazo, kodwa zisebenza kakuhle ngokuthula.

Xa utya ukutya okunempilo, uzilolonga rhoqo, kwaye uphila ubomi obulungileyo, ungagcina yonke inkqubo yakho yentliziyo, kuquka ezi "Arterioles," zisempilweni.

Ezinye izifo zentliziyo zisenokungabonakalisi zimpawu kwasekuqaleni. Kungoko ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba uhlolwe rhoqo ngugqirha. Emva koko, ukuba kukho ingxaki, inokuchongwa ngaphambi kokuba ibe yingxaki enkulu. Nyamekela i-`(Arterioles)` yakho, baya kukunyamekela kakuhle!

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Ii-Arterioles, imithambo yegazi, uxinzelelo lwegazi, impilo yentliziyo, ukujikeleza kwegazi, imikhwa yempilo, ukusebenza komzimba