Ngaba nawe uyawubona umahluko omncinci kwindlela ova ngayo? Makhe sithethe nge-audiometry!

Ngaba ngamanye amaxesha uziva ngathi awukwazi ukuva umntu ethetha, okanye kufuneka unyuse isandi seTV? Okanye ngaba uqaphele ukuba umntwana wakho akasabeli kakuhle kwizandi? Ngamaxesha anje, uvavanyo lokuva, okanye uvavanyo lwe-`(Audiometry)`, luvavanyo olwenziwayo ukuze kufunyaniswe ukuba ukuva kwethu kulungile kangakanani na. Akukho nto ibalulekileyo, kulula kakhulu. Ngaba singathetha ngale nto ngokweenkcukacha?

Yintoni uvavanyo lwe-audiometry?

Ngamafutshane, olu vavanyo lolo lwenziwa ziingcali ze-audiologists ukuze zifumanise ukuba unengxaki yokuva. Ngamanye amaxesha lubizwa ngokuba luvavanyo olupheleleyo lokuva.

Khawucinge nje, kwilizwe elifana neMelika, uninzi lwabantu lufumana uvavanyo lokuva olusisiseko okanye uvavanyo lokuva olupheleleyo olufana nolu ubuncinane kube kanye ebomini babo.

• Kwiintsana ezisandul’ ukuzalwa: Uvavanyo olusisiseko lwenziwa ekuzalweni ukuqinisekisa ukuba ziyava kakuhle.
• Kubantwana abancinci: Olu vavanyo lusisiseko lunokwenziwa kwikliniki yabo yezempilo okanye esikolweni. Ukuba babonakala benengxaki yokuva, uvavanyo olupheleleyo lunokwenziwa.
• Kwabantu abadala: Rhoqo, abantu abadala benza olu vavanyo kuba bengayiva kakuhle into ethethwa ngabanye abantu, okanye kuba kufuneka banyuse isandi seTV, ilaptop, okanye ifowuni kakhulu.

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zovavanyo lokuva. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba olu vavanyo aludingi lungiselelo lukhethekileyo kwaye alunabuhlungu.

Ziziphi iintlobo zovavanyo lokuva ezikhoyo?

Ukuba une-hearing screening, iya kujonga ukuba ukuva kwakho kuqhelekile na. Ukuba iziphumo zovavanyo lokuqala zibonisa ingxaki, ungathunyelwa kuvavanyo olupheleleyo lokuva.

Olu vavanyo lwe-"Audiometry" lubonisa uhlobo lokulahlekelwa kukuva onalo, nokuba luncinci, luphakathi, okanye lunzima. Nazi ezinye zeentlobo eziphambili zovavanyo:

• Uvavanyo lwethoni ecocekileyo: Olu lolona vavanyo luqhelekileyo. Lubandakanya ukubona ukuba ungasiva na isandi kwisandi ngasinye, nokuba usitsho kancinci kangakanani na. Oku kwenziwa kubantwana abancinci nakubantu abadala.
• Uvavanyo lokuqhuba kwamathambo: Olu vavanyo luvavanya ukuba kukho naziphi na iingxaki ngeeseli ezincinci zeenwele kwinxalenye yendlebe yakho yangaphakathi ebizwa ngokuba yi-cochlea. Uyazi, i-cochlea yinxalenye yendlebe yakho ethumela ukungcangcazela kwimithambo-luvo yakho yokuva uze uye nakwinxalenye yengqondo yakho ejongene nokuva.
• Uvavanyo lokuthetha: Olu vavanyo lunokwenziwa ngabantu abadala kunye nabanye abantwana. Kolu vavanyo, kufuneka umamele amanye amagama uze uwaphinde. Olu vavanyo lujonga ukuba uyiqonda kakuhle kangakanani into ethethwayo kunye nokuba uyakwazi na ukwahlula nokuqaphela amagama.
• Impendulo ye-Auditory Brainstem (ABR): Olu vavanyo lulinganisa umsebenzi weendlela zonxibelelwano zendlebe yangaphakathi eziya ebuchotsheni. Ludla ngokusetyenziswa kubantwana abancinci, abo banengxaki yokwenza uvavanyo lwethoni ecocekileyo olukhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla, kunye nabo balahlekelwe kukuva ngenxa yokwenzakala kwengqondo.
• Ukukhupha i-Otoacoustic Emissions (OAE): Olu vavanyo lusetyenziselwa ukujonga ukusebenza kwendlebe yangaphakathi. Lulinganisa izandi ezincinci eziveliswa yindlebe yangaphakathi, ezibizwa ngokuba zii-OAE. Ludla ngokwenziwa kwiintsana nabantwana abancinci.
• I-Tympanometry: Oku kuvavanya indlela i-eardrum yakho ehamba ngayo. Ingafumanisa ne-eardrum eqhumayo, ukwakheka kolwelo kwindlebe ephakathi, okanye ukwakheka kwe-wax.

Zenziwa njani ezi mvavanyo? Kulula kakhulu!

Nangona iinkcukacha zahlukile, uninzi lovavanyo lubandakanya ukukufaka kwigumbi elinonyango lwesandi, ukufaka ii-headphones okanye ii-earphones, kunye nokumamela izandi, ithoni, kunye namagama aphuma kuzo. Akunyanzelekanga ukuba ulungiselele nantoni na kwangaphambili.

Indlela yokwenza uvavanyo lwethoni ecocekileyo

Olu lolona vavanyo luqhelekileyo. Nantsi into eyenzekayo:

• Uza kubekwa kwigumbi elikhethekileyo elingangeni ngxolo.
• Uza kunikwa ii-headphones okanye ii-earphones ezincinci ozifaka ezindlebeni zakho.
• Ingcali ye-audiologist isebenzisa umatshini obizwa ngokuba yi-audiometer, okhupha izandi kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo obushushu (iphimbo) kunye nobukhulu besandi.
• Kuya kufuneka uphakamise isandla sakho, ucinezele iqhosha, okanye uthi 'ewe' xa usiva isandi.
• Ingcali ye-audiologist iza kurekhoda iimpendulo zakho kwitshathi ebizwa ngokuba yi-"audiogram." Oku kuya kubonisa uhlobo lwengxaki yakho yokuva, oko kukuthi, inqanaba lokukhubazeka.

Indlela yokwenza uvavanyo lokuqhuba amathambo

Olu vavanyo luthumela isandi ngqo endlebeni yakho yangaphakathi:

• Ingcali ye-audiologist ibeka isixhobo esincinci emva kwendlebe yakho okanye ebunzini lakho.
• Esi sixhobo sikhupha isandi. Isandi sibangela ukuba ukhakhayi lwakho lungcangcazele.
• Olu ngcangcazelo luya ngqo endlebeni yakho yangaphakathi, ludlule iindlebe zakho zangaphandle neziphakathi.
• Ingcali ye-audiologist ithelekisa iziphumo zolu vavanyo neziphumo zovavanyo lwe-"Pure-tone" ukuze ibone uhlobo lokulahlekelwa kukuva onalo.

Indlela yokwenza uvavanyo lweNtetho

Ingcali ye-audiologist ingenza olu vavanyo lokuthetha kunye novavanyo lwe-``Pure-tone``:

• Njengovavanyo lwe-"Pure-tone", kufuneka ufake ii-headphones okanye ii-earphones.
• Ingcali yezandi iwabiza kancinci la mazwi kwaye iwathetha ngokuvakalayo.
• Kuya kufuneka uphinde uwatsho loo mazwi.
• Ubhala phantsi amagama owathethayo ngokuzolileyo kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Ngamanye amaxesha uvavanya nokuwaqonda amagama akho ngokuwabiza kabukhali kancinci.

Indlela yokwenza uvavanyo lwe-Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR)

Ngokungafaniyo novavanyo lwe-"Pure-tone", akufuneki uphendule kwizandi. Kodwa kubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlala ungashukumi :

• Uza kufakelwa ii-earphone. Ingcali ye-audiologist iza kufakela ii-sensors ezincinci ezibizwa ngokuba yi-"electrodes" entlokweni yakho. Ezi zincamatheliswe eluswini kwaye ziqhagamshelwe kwi-"computer".
• Ezi electrode zirekhoda indlela ingqondo yakho ephendula ngayo xa udlala izandi ezithile ngee-earphone, oko kukuthi, umsebenzi we-brainwave.
• Le ndlela yokubona amaza obuchopho ibonakala kwisikrini sekhompyutha. Ingcali ye-audiologist ixela iziphumo ngokujonga ezo printa zekhompyutha.

Indlela yokwenza uvavanyo lokukhupha umbane oluzenzekelayo (OAE)

Oku kulinganisa oko kubizwa ngokuba yi-`(Otoacoustic Emissions - OAEs)`. Ngamafutshane, ezi zizandi ezingabonakaliyo ezenziwa yindlebe yakho yangaphakathi xa isabela kwizandi zangaphandle. Ukuba unengxaki yokuva, indlebe yakho yangaphakathi ayivelisi ezi `(OAEs)`:

• Ingcali ye-audiologist iza kubeka isixhobo esincinci esifana ne-earphone, esibizwa ngokuba yi-probe, endlebeni yakho.
• Iprobe ithumela isandi endlebeni ize ilinganise isandi esibuyayo.
• Iziphumo zovavanyo lwakho ziboniswa kwisikrini.

Indlela yokwenza iTympanometry

I-eardrum yakho yi-membrane encinci eyahlula indlebe yangaphandle kwindlebe ephakathi. Xa isandi esivela ngaphandle sifika kwi-eardrum, siyangcangcazela. Ezo ngcangcazelo zihamba ngendlebe ephakathi ziye endlebeni engaphakathi zize zithumele imiqondiso engqondweni. Ingqondo itolika ezo mpawu njengesandi. I-Tympanometry ilinganisa indlela i-eardrum esabela ngayo xa kufakwa uxinzelelo lomoya oluncinci endlebeni:

• Ingcali ye-audiologist iza kubeka i-probe encinci endlebeni yakho. Isenokubonakala njenge-earphone.
• Isixhobo esincinci esiqhagamshelwe kuso sithumela umoya omncinci endlebeni.
• Eso sixhobo sinegrafu ebizwa ngokuba yi-"tympanogram." Irekhoda intshukumo ye-eardrum. Kulapho ke ingcali ye-audiologist inokuxelela khona indlela esebenza ngayo i-eardrum.

Ndiza kuzazi nini iziphumo zovavanyo?

Uninzi lwexesha, ingcali ye-audiologist iya kukuxelela iziphumo zovavanyo ngoko nangoko. Ungakhathazeki, baya kukuchazela yonke into.

Iziphumo zakho ziboniswa kwitshathi ebizwa ngokuba yi-"audiogram." Ithelekisa ukuva kwakho nobubanzi obuqhelekileyo kwaye ibonisa indlela indlebe yakho esabela ngayo kumandla ahlukeneyo esandi (phezulu ukuya phantsi) kunye namanqanaba esandi (athule kakhulu ukuya phezulu kakhulu).

Kuthekani ukuba ndinengxaki yokuva?

Ukuba iimvavanyo ziqinisekisa ukuba unengxaki yokuva, musa ukoyika. Ingcali ye-audiologist iya kukuchazela kwaye ikucebise ngento omawuyenze ngokulandelayo. Umzekelo:

• Ukuba iziphumo zovavanyo lokuva okanye ze-tympanometry zibonisa ukuba une-wax okanye ulwelo endlebeni yakho ephakathi, ingcali yakho ye-audiologist inokukuthumela kwi-otolaryngologist (ENT) ukuze isuse i-wax okanye ulwelo.
• Ngaphandle koko, ukuba uvavanyo lwakho lwe-"Pure-tone" lubonisa ukuba unengxaki yokuva, ingcali ye-audiologist iya kukuxelela oku kulandelayo:
• Ngaba unengxaki yokuva kancinci, ephakathi, okanye enzima ?
• Zeziphi izixhobo zokuva onazo ezikunceda ukuba uve ngcono? Umzekelo, ungathetha ngeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zezixhobo zokuva. Okanye ungathetha ngezixhobo zokuva ezifana nee-cochlear implants.
• Ikwakuxelela ukuba uza kuba namava anjani xa usebenzisa ezo zixhobo.
• Ukuba ukhetha izixhobo zokuva, ingcali yesandi iya kuzikhetha ize ikufanelane nazo. Oku kuya kuthatha idinga elahlukileyo.
• Ukuba ingcali yakho ye-audiologist icebisa ukuba ucinge ngee-cochlear implants, iya kukuthumela ukuze uvavanywe kwaye uhlolwe ngakumbi.

Ndifanele ndenze uvavanyo lokuva kangaphi?

Oku kuyahluka ngokwenene kumntu nomntu.

• Ukuba usebenza kwindawo enengxolo enkulu , njengakwishishini lokwakha okanye kumzi-mveliso, kungcono ukuba uhlolwe iindlebe zakho ubuncinane kanye ngonyaka, njengoko amathuba okulimala kweendlebe aphezulu kwiindawo ezinjalo.
• Kungenjalo, usenokungadingi uvavanyo olupheleleyo lokuva ude ube neminyaka engama-50 okanye engama-60, xa abantu abaninzi beqala ukufumana ukulahleka kokuva okunxulumene nobudala.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba ukuba unamathandabuzo okanye iingxaki malunga nokuva kwakho, ungalibazisi kwaye ubuze ugqirha wosapho lwakho, oya kukuthumela kwingcali ye-audiologist.

Ngaba zikho iindlela zokuvavanya ukuva kwam ekhaya?

Ewe, ngoku kukho uvavanyo lokuva ekhaya olufumaneka kwi-intanethi nakwii-apps. Ezi zinokukunika ufifi lokuba ngaba unazo naziphi na iingxaki zokuva.

Kodwa khumbula, ukwenza uvavanyo olunjalo ekhaya akuyi kukuxelela ngqo ukuba yintoni ingxaki okanye yintoni ekufuneka yenziwe ngayo. Ke ngoko, ukuze ufumane uxilongo oluchanekileyo kunye neengcebiso ezifunekayo, ngokuqinisekileyo kufuneka uhlolwe ngokupheleleyo yingcali ye-audiologist.

Uvavanyo lwe-Audiometry yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokufumanisa ukuba unengxaki yokuva. Ukuba unayo, awuwedwa. Izigidi zabantu kwihlabathi liphela zineengxaki ezahlukeneyo zokuva. Rhoqo, le ngxaki yokuva iba mandundu ngokuhamba kwexesha. Usenokungayiboni kwangoko, kodwa inokubonwa xa ungeva kakuhle oko kuthethwa ngabanye okanye xa iTV ikhwaza kakhulu.

Ngoko ke, yintoni esifanele siyithathe ekhaya kweli bali? (Umyalezo Wokubuyela Ekhaya)

Kulungile, masikhumbule amanqaku abaluleke kakhulu kwinto esithethe ngayo:

• Uvavanyo lokuva aluyonto yokoyika, kwaye alunabuhlungu.
• Ukuba awukwazi ukuva oko kuthethwayo, ukuba kufuneka unyuse isandi seTV rhoqo, okanye ukuba umntwana wakho akabonakali esabela kakuhle kwizandi, kubalulekile ukuba ahlolwe ukuva.
• Ingcali ye-audiologist iza kwenza olu vavanyo ize ikunike iingcebiso ezifunekayo.
• Ukuba ufunyaniswe unengxaki yokuva, kukho izisombululo kunye noncedo olufumanekayo. Izixhobo zokuva kunye nee-cochlear implants zezinye nje zazo.
• Ukuba ingxaki ifunyenwe kwangethuba, kulula ukuyinyanga kwaye inokwenza ubomi bube lula.

Ngoko ke, ukuba unamathandabuzo nokuba mancinci kangakanani malunga nokuva kwakho, musa ukuba neentloni okanye ulibale, bona ugqirha kwaye, ukuba kuyimfuneko, cela ingcebiso kwingcali ye-audiologist. Impilo yakho yokuva isezandleni zakho!

Uvavanyo lokuva , i-Audiometry, ingcali yokuva, i-Audiologist, ukuva, izixhobo zokuva, izixhobo zokuva, izixhobo zokufakelwa kwe-cochlear, i-ENT, ii-Earplugs, i-Tympanometry