Ngaba kufuneka sazi kakuhle 'ngee-Elastic Arteries', ezibalulekileyo ekujikelezeni kwegazi emizimbeni yethu?

Ngaba wakha wazibuza ukuba intliziyo yethu ipompa njani igazi emzimbeni wethu wonke? Intliziyo ayipompi nje igazi rhoqo, ima okomzuzwana ize iphinde ipompe. Nangona kunjalo, kukho uhlobo oluthile lomthambo wegazi olunceda ukugcina igazi lihamba kwicala elinye. Sizibiza ngokuba 'yimithambo yegazi ethambileyo'. Zibizwa ngokuba ziyolula kwaye zinciphe njengebhanti yerabha.

Zithini ezi 'Elastic Arteries'?

Ngamafutshane, 'imithambo yegazi ethambileyo' yimithambo yegazi emikhulu eguquguqukayo kakhulu, oko kuthetha ukuba igoba lula kwaye yoluleke. Intliziyo yakho ipompa igazi ngokukhawuleza nangokukhawuleza. Inani elikhulu legazi liphuma ngaxeshanye, kulandele ukuphumla okufutshane. Kodwa iiseli emzimbeni wethu zifuna ukuhamba kwegazi okuqhubekayo. Le mithambo yegazi ethambileyo inceda ukumelana noxinzelelo lwegazi oluvela entliziyweni ebethayo kwaye igcine igazi lihamba kakuhle. Khawuthelekelele ukuba xa uvula itephu yamanzi, amanzi ahamba ngokukhawuleza. Yile ndlela igazi elihamba ngayo entliziyweni. Le mithambo yegazi ethambileyo isebenza 'njengesixhobo sokufunxa uvalo' , inciphisa uxinzelelo kwaye ithumele igazi kweminye imithambo yegazi emincinci.

Zithini imizekelo yemithambo ethambileyo? Ziphi?

Kulungile, zithini ke ezi mithambo yegazi i-elastic? I-aorta , engowona mthambo wegazi mkhulu emzimbeni wethu, ngumthambo omkhulu o-elastic. Ifana nombhobho wamanzi omkhulu. Ukongeza, imithambo yegazi ye-pulmonary , ethwala igazi ukuya emiphungeni, nayo ikweli hlobo.

Ngoku masibone ukuba ezi ndawo zikuphi. Ezi mithambo yegazi ethambileyo zikufutshane kakhulu nentliziyo .

• I-aorta iqala ngaphezulu kwentliziyo ize ihambe ngasemva nangaphantsi kwayo. Iqhagamshelwe kwicala lasekhohlo lentliziyo ngevalvu ebizwa ngokuba yi-aortic valve. Le valve kulapho igazi elicocekileyo neligcwele ioksijini lingena khona kwi-aorta lize liqale ukuhamba emzimbeni wonke.
• Eminye imithambo ethambileyo isuka kule aorta, njengeendlela ezincinci ezisuka kwindlela enkulu. Ezi zifumaneka ikakhulu kwinxalenye ephezulu yesifuba sakho:
• Umthambo weBrachiocephalic: Oku kuqala kwi-aortic arch.
• Imithambo ye-Subclavian (ekunene nasekhohlo): Le ikufutshane namathambo akho e-collarbone.
• Imithambo yegazi eqhelekileyo ye-carotid (ekunene nasekhohlo): Le yimithambo yegazi ephambili kumacala omabini entamo.
• Imithambo yegazi eqhelekileyo ye-iliac (ekunene nasekhohlo): Le mithambo yegazi isuka kwinxalenye esezantsi ye-aorta, oko kukuthi, ukusuka kummandla wesisu.

• Imithambo yePulmonary ikwindawo engaphezulu kwentliziyo. Iqhagamshelwe entliziyweni ngevalvu ebizwa ngokuba yivalvu yepulmonary kwicala lasekunene lentliziyo. Kulapho igazi elingenaoksijini lithunyelwa khona emiphungeni, apho lifakwa khona ioksijini.

Yeyiphi inkonzo enikezelwa yimithambo yegazi ethambileyo emizimbeni yethu?

Ngoko ke, yintoni kanye kanye eyenziwa yile mithambo ithambileyo? Zibalulekile ebomini bethu . Le mithambo ithambileyo yenza umsebenzi omhle wokuthwala ioksijini kunye nezondlo kuyo yonke iseli emzimbeni wethu. Khawuthelekelele, intliziyo ipompa igazi elininzi xa ixinezelekile. Le mithambo ithambileyo kufuneka ikwazi ukumelana noxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye nomthamo wegazi .

Ngamafutshane, ezi zifana nemibhobho emikhulu yamanzi ehambisa amanzi kwilali yakho. Ukusuka kuloo mibhobho mikhulu, amanzi ahlulwe abe yimibhobho emincinci ehambisa amanzi emakhaya akho. Ngaloo ndlela, le mithambo ithambileyo ithatha igazi ize yahlule ibe yimibhobho emincinci (imithambo yemisipha). Ukusuka kuloo mithambo mincinci, igazi liya kwimithambo yegazi emincinci (ii-capillaries) apho iiseli zifumana khona ioksijini.

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba nangona yonke eminye imithambo yegazi emzimbeni wethu ithwala igazi elineoksijini, yiPulmonary Arteries kuphela ethwala igazi elingenaoksijini . Umsebenzi wayo kuphela kukuthwala elo gazi lingenaoksijini liye emiphungeni, apho lizaliswa khona yioksijini, lize libuyele entliziyweni.

Zenziwa njani ii-arteries ezithambileyo? Zinjani imbonakalo yazo kunye nobukhulu bazo?

Ngoku makhe sijonge ukuba yintoni engaphakathi kwezi mithambo yegazi ethambileyo nendlela ezenziwe ngayo. Njengeminye imithambo yegazi, imithambo yegazi ethambileyo ineengqimba ezintathu eziphambili .

• Umaleko ongaphandle ('Adventitia'): Kulapho umthambo ufumana khona amandla kunye nolwakhiwo lwawo.
• I-Tunica Media: Le yeyona nxalenye ikhethekileyo. Le maleko iqulethe zombini izicubu ezithambileyo kunye nezicubu zemisipha . Nangona kunjalo, kwimithambo ye ...
• Umaleko ongaphakathi (iTunica Intima): Lo mgangatho uthambile kakhulu. Lo maleko wenzelwe ukuvumela igazi ukuba lihambe ngokulula kwaye lingabi nasiphazamiso.

Ezi mithambo yegazi ethambileyo zineproteni ebizwa ngokuba yi-collagen kunye neefayibha zemisipha emincinci. Ezi zezona zinto zinceda iindonga zemithambo yegazi zihlale zomelele kwaye ziguquguquka.

Ngoko ke ezi zibonakala njani?

Imithambo yegazi ethambileyo ifana neetyhubhu ezinkulu ezisilinda. Ayinanto ingaphakathi embindini, kwaye kulapho igazi lihamba khona. Kodwa i-aorta yahlukile kancinci. Ichazwa njengengcongolo enkulu yelekese enemilenze emibini.

Ingakanani inkulu?

Umthambo omkhulu othambileyo emzimbeni wethu, i-aorta, unobubanzi bangaphakathi obumalunga neesentimitha eziyi-2.5 (oko kukuthi phantse i-intshi enye). Udonga lwe-aorta lumalunga neemilimitha ezi-2 ubukhulu. Khawuthelekelele indlela olumele ukuba luqine ngayo!

Ziziphi izifo neemeko eziqhelekileyo ezichaphazela imithambo yegazi ethambileyo?

Okubuhlungu kukuba, kwanale mithambo ibalulekileyo ethambileyo inokuphuhlisa izifo ezahlukeneyo. Makhe sibone ukuba zeziphi:

• I-Aneurysm: Oku kwenzeka xa udonga lomthambo lubuthathaka kwaye luvuthuluka njengebhaluni. Oku kuyingozi kakhulu kuba lunokugqabhuka.
• Ukuqhekeka: Oku kuxa iileya zodonga lwemithambo yegazi zikrazuka ngaphakathi, nto leyo ebangela ukuba igazi livuza phakathi kwezo leya.
• Iingxaki zeevalvu: Ukuvuza okanye ukuqina kwevalvu ye-aortic okanye ivalvu yepulmonary.
• Izifo zentliziyo ezizalwa nazo: Ezi zizifo zentliziyo ezibakho xa umntu ezalwa. Ngamanye amaxesha ezi zinokuchaphazela imithambo yegazi okanye imithambo yegazi yamaphaphu.
• I-Vasculitis: Oku kukudumba kwemithambo yegazi.
• Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu: Le yingxaki enabantu abaninzi. Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu lunokonakalisa imithambo yegazi.
• I-atherosclerosis: Oku kwenzeka xa amafutha anjenge-cholesterol eqokelelana ngaphakathi kweendonga zemithambo yegazi, nto leyo ebangela ukuba ibe mxinwa. Oku kungumqobo omkhulu ekuhambeni kwegazi.
• Amahlwili egazi: Ukuba amahlwili egazi ayenzeka ngaphakathi kumthambo wegazi, ukuhamba kwegazi kunokuyeka ngokupheleleyo.
• Ukungasebenzi kwentliziyo: Xa intliziyo iba buthathaka, ikwachaphazela le mithambo yegazi.

Ngoko ke zithini iimpawu zale meko?

Ezi zifo zinokubonakala ngeempawu ezahlukeneyo. Asinguye wonke umntu oza kuzibona ngendlela efanayo. Nangona kunjalo, nazi ezinye zeempawu eziqhelekileyo:

• Ukubetha kwentliziyo ngokukhawuleza
• Ukuziva unesizunguzi (Ubuqhophololo)
• Intloko ebuhlungu
• Ndiziva ndidiniwe ngalo lonke ixesha (Ukudinwa)
• Iintlungu zesifuba
• Ukubetha kwentliziyo
• Ukuqhawukelwa ngumphefumlo
• Ukuqaqamba kwemilenze ngexesha lokuhamba

Oogqirha bayijonga njani impilo yale mithambo ithambileyo?

Ukuba unale mpawu, kuya kufuneka ubone ugqirha. Unokwenza uvavanyo olwahlukeneyo ukujonga imeko yemithambo yakho ethambileyo.

• Uvavanyo lwegazi: Jonga izinto ezifana namanqanaba e-cholesterol kunye namanqanaba eswekile.
• I-Angiogram: Kule nto, kufakwa idayi ekhethekileyo kwimithambo yegazi kwaye kuthathwa i-X-ray ukuze kubonwe ukuba akukho nakuphi na ukuvaleka okanye ukuvaleka naphi na kwimithambo yegazi.
• I-MRI (iMagnetic Resonance Imaging): Isebenzisa amasimi emagnethi kunye namaza erediyo ukuthatha imifanekiso eneenkcukacha zangaphakathi lomzimba.
• 'I-CT Scan' (CT - Computed Tomography): Le iyafana neteknoloji ye-'X-ray', kodwa imifanekiso ithathwa kwiikona ezahlukeneyo kwaye idityaniswe kwikhompyutha ukuvelisa umfanekiso ocacileyo.
• I-ultrasound:Imifanekiso yemithambo yegazi ifunyanwa kusetyenziswa amaza esandi.
• I-Echocardiogram: Olu luvavanyo lwe-ultrasound lwentliziyo. Lunokujonga ukusebenza kwentliziyo kunye nemeko yeevalvu.
• I-X-reyi yesifuba: Jonga ubungakanani kunye nokuma kwentliziyo kunye nemiphunga.
• 'EKG - Electrocardiogram': Ivavanya umsebenzi wombane wentliziyo.
• Ukufakwa kwe-catheter kwintliziyo: Ityhubhu encinci (i-catheter) idluliselwa ngemithambo yegazi iye entliziyweni ukuze kulinganiswe uxinzelelo, kwaye ukuba kuyimfuneko, kwenziwa ne-angiogram.

Ziziphi iindlela zonyango lwezifo ezinjalo?

Eyona nto ingcono kukuba, kukho unyango lwezifo ezininzi ezichaphazela imithambo yegazi ethambileyo. Iyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo kunye nobunzima besifo. Kukho iindlela ezimbini eziphambili zonyango:

• Amayeza: Oogqirha banika amayeza ezinto ezinje ngoxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, ukunciphisa i-cholesterol, ukuthintela ukuqhekeka kwegazi, kunye nokunciphisa iintlungu.
• Utyando: Kwezinye iimeko, umzekelo, ukuba i-aneurysm ikhule kakhulu okanye umthambo uvalekile kakhulu, utyando lunokufuneka. Oku kunokubandakanya ukususa inxalenye eyonakeleyo nokufaka ityhubhu yokwenziwa (i-graft) okanye ukufaka i-stent ukuze kwandiswe indawo evalekileyo.

Zeziphi ezinye izinto ezilula esinokuzenza ukuze sigcine imithambo yethu ethambileyo isempilweni?

Le yeyona nxalenye ibalulekileyo. Akungcono na ukuthintela isifo ngaphambi kokuba senzeke kunokubandezeleka emva kokuba senzeke? Ngoko ke, imikhwa elungileyo entliziyweni nakwimithambo yegazi yethu ikwalungile nakwezi mithambo ithambileyo.

• Yitya ukutya okunamafutha aphantsi, okungenatyuwa ingako: Nciphisa ukutya okunamafutha, okuqhotsiweyo, kunye nokutya okunencasa kangangoko unako. Yitya imifuno, iziqhamo, iimbotyi, kunye neenkozo ezipheleleyo.
• Zilolonge rhoqo: Yenza into efana nokuhamba, ukubaleka, okanye ukudada ubuncinane imizuzu engama-30 ngosuku.
• Lawula uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu: Ukuba unexinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, thatha amayeza achazwe ngugqirha wakho ngokuchanekileyo uze uphile ubomi bakho njengoko uyalelwe.
• Lawula i-cholesterol ephezulu: Oku kuquka ukutya ukutya okunesondlo, kwaye ukuba kuyimfuneko, amayeza.
• Kuphephe ukutshaya ngokupheleleyo: Ukutshaya kuyingozi kakhulu kwimithambo yegazi.
• Lawula uxinzelelo: Uxinzelelo oluninzi alulungelanga umzimba. Khulula ingqondo yakho ngezinto ezifana neyoga kunye nokucamngca.

Yintoni umahluko omkhulu phakathi 'kwemithambo yegazi ethambileyo' kunye 'nemithambo yegazi emisipha'?

Sele sithethe ngale nto kancinci ngaphambili. Imithambo Ethambileyo yimithambo emikhulu ekufutshane nentliziyo. Inezicubu ezithambileyo kakhulu kumaleko wazo ophakathi (i-tunica media). Yiyo loo nto zinokolula kakuhle kangaka.

Imithambo yemisipha yimithambo emincinci ephuma kwimithambo ethambileyo. Umaleko wayo ophakathi wenziwe ikakhulu zizicubu zemisipha.. Kungokuzibophelela nokuziphumza ezi zihlunu apho umlinganiselo wegazi elihamba kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba ulawulwa khona. Ngamafutshane, imithambo ethambileyo ixhasa uxinzelelo lwegazi, ngelixa imithambo emisipha inceda ekusasazeni igazi.

Ngoko ke, yintoni into yokugqibela ekufuneka uyikhumbule? (Umyalezo Wokubuyela Ekhaya)

Ngoko ke, ngoku uyaqonda ukuba ezi 'Elastic Arteries' zibaluleke kangakanani emizimbeni yethu. Inkonzo abayenzayo ayincinci, ithwala uxinzelelo lwegazi oluvela entliziyweni kwaye ithumela elo gazi, kunye neoksijini, kuyo yonke iseli emzimbeni.

Ngoko ke, ukunyamekela kakuhle imithambo yakho ethambileyo lutyalo-mali olukhulu olwenzayo kwimpilo yakho iyonke.

Ukuba uzigcina ziphilile, umzimba wakho uya kufumana igazi olifunayo ngaphandle kweengxaki. Oko kuthetha ukuba ungahlala usempilweni kwaye wonwabile. Ngoko ke, masinyamekele imithambo yethu yegazi, akunjalo?

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