Igumbi lokulawula eliyimfihlo lobuchopho elilawula iintshukumo zakho, izigqibo kunye neemvakalelo zakho (iBasal Ganglia)

Khawuthelekelele ukuba ulula isandla sakho ukuze ufumane ikomityi yeti. Ngaloo mzuzu, sisandla sakho kuphela esiya ngqo kuyo, kwaye wonke umzimba wakho awushukumi, akunjalo? Okanye izigqibo ezincinci ozenzayo imini yonke, ulonwabo oluvayo, imikhwa yakho... Konke oku kubaluleke kakhulu engqondweni engasemva kwayo, kodwa namhlanje sithetha ngenxalenye yayo esingathethi kakhulu ngayo. Le yinto ebizwa ngokuba yiBasal Ganglia kwisayensi yezonyango. Nangona eli gama lingaqhelekanga kancinci, umsebenzi walo uyamangalisa kakhulu.

Yintoni iBasal Ganglia?

Ngamafutshane, i-basal ganglia yingqokelela yeeseli zemithambo-luvo ezikwinxalenye enzulu nephakathi yobuchopho bakho. Ayilolungu elinye kuphela, kodwa yingqokelela yamalungu amaninzi. La malungu aqhagamshelwe omnye komnye kwaye anceda ekudluliseleni imiyalezo phakathi kwamalungu ahlukeneyo obuchopho. Ifana nebhodi yesekethe entsonkothileyo kwisixhobo se-elektroniki. Le bhodi yesekethe yiyo evumela iindawo ezahlukeneyo zobuchopho ukuba zihlangane kwaye zisebenzisane ukuze kufezekiswe injongo enye.

Umsebenzi wayo ophambili kukulawula imiqondiso ethunyelwa yingqondo ukuze ishukumise izihlunu zakho. Kodwa yenza okungaphezulu koko.

Kwenzeka ntoni kanye kanye ngale nto?

Uphando lusaqhubeka malunga nomsebenzi we-basal ganglia. Izinto ezintsha zifunyanwa phantse yonke imihla. Kodwa okwangoku, siyazi imisebenzi embalwa ephambili.

Ukulawula iintshukumo

Lo ngumsebenzi owaziwa kakhulu we-basal ganglia. Masithi ufuna ukuthabatha incwadi. Ngaloo mzuzu, ingqondo yakho ithumela umyalezo kwizihlunu ezisesandleni sakho isithi, "Kulungile, thatha incwadi ngoku." Lo mqondiso udlula kwi-basal ganglia ngaphambi kokuba uye ngqo kwizihlunu.

Le nkqubo yokucoca ibaluleke kakhulu. Kuba yiyo esivumela ukuba senze iintshukumo esizifunayo kuphela, ngokutyibilikayo, ngaphandle kokushukumisa okungeyomfuneko. Ngaphandle koko, xa wolula ingalo yakho, intamo yakho iya kujika, umlenze wakho uya kutsho wolule, kwaye uya kuba neentshukumo ezingaqhelekanga. Ngoko ke, okwenzekayo apha kukuba siyeke iintshukumo ezingeyomfuneko size sivumele iintshukumo ezifunekayo kuphela ukuba zenziwe ngokutyibilikayo .

I-basal ganglia ikwafumana ulwazi oluvela kwiimvakalelo zethu ezintlanu (amehlo, iindlebe, impumlo, ulwimi, kunye nolusu). Ingasebenzisa olu lwazi ukulungisa iintshukumo zethu.

Ukwenza izigqibo kunye neemvakalelo

Ukongeza ekushukumeni, i-basal ganglia ikwanceda ekulawuleni ukwenza izigqibo zakho, uvavanyo lomngcipheko, iimvakalelo, kunye nenkuthazo. Oku kuthetha ukuba xa ufunda into entsha, wenza imikhwa, kwaye uceba kwaye wenze umsebenzi, i-basal ganglia ibandakanyeka kuzo zonke ezi zinto.

Ulonwabo, umlutha kunye nemikhwa

Xa wenza into ethile, uziva uvuzwa, akunjalo? I-basal ganglia ikwabandakanyeka kwiinkqubo zeekhemikhali engqondweni ezivelisa olo lonwabo. Kwakhona, kuba ilawula imikhwa kunye nokukhuthaza ukwenza into ethile, umsebenzi wale nxalenye uchaphazela neemeko ezifana nokukhotyokiswa ziziyobisi nezinye izinto . Xa into ikunika ulonwabo, iingqondo zethu ziyakhuthazeka ukuba ziphinde zikwenze. I-basal ganglia yindawo ephambili elawula le nkqubo.

Ziphi ezi ndawo engqondweni? Zeziphi ezi ndawo?

I-basal ganglia ifumaneka nzulu ebuchotsheni, kufutshane nombindi wobuchopho. Sithe esi asisosakhiwo sinye. Sineenxalenye eziphambili ezininzi. Masijonge ngokukhawuleza ezo ndawo kwitheyibhile engasezantsi.

Ezi ndawo zidibene, ezinye iimpawu ziyavuselela kwaye ezinye ziyathintela. Le nkqubo inzima yiyo eyenza umzimba wethu ulawulwe kakuhle.

Zenziwe ngantoni ezi zinto?

I-basal ganglia yenziwe ziintlobo ezimbini eziphambili zeeseli kwinkqubo yemithambo-luvo.

1. Ii-Neuron: Ezi "zizithunywa" zenkqubo yethu yemithambo-luvo. Ezi seli zithwala imiqondiso ejikeleze ingqondo nomzimba. Kukho iindawo ezininzi eziphambili kwi-neuron.

• Umzimba weseli: Eyona nxalenye iphambili yeseli.
• I-Axon: Inxalenye ende efana nengalo ephuma emzimbeni weseli. Kulapho ke kuthwalwa khona imiqondiso.
• Iidendrites: Izakhiwo ezincinci, ezinamasebe ezifumana imiqondiso evela kwezinye ii-neurons.
• I-Myelin: I-sheath enamafutha ejikeleze ii-axons ezithile enceda imiqondiso ukuba ihambe ngokukhawuleza.

2. Iiseli zeGlial: Ezi zifana "neeseli ezincedisayo" kwii-neurons. Nangona zingadlulisi imiqondiso ngokuthe ngqo, zinceda ekondleni, ekukhuseleni, nasekugcineni ukusebenza kakuhle kwee-neurons. Kukho malunga neshumi leeseli ze-glial kunee-neurons kwinkqubo yethu yemithambo-luvo.

Ziziphi izifo ezichaphazela i-basal ganglia?

Ngenxa yokuba zenza imisebenzi ebaluleke kangaka, umonakalo kwi-basal ganglia unokukhokelela kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo. Ezinye zezi usenokuba ukhe weva ngazo.

Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ezinokubakho ngenxa yengxaki ye-basal ganglia

Iimpawu zomonakalo kule ndawo zingahluka kakhulu ngokuxhomekeke kwisifo esisisiseko, kodwa kukho ezinye iimpawu eziqhelekileyo:

• Ukuphulukana neengxaki zokulinganisela kunye nokulungelelanisa.
• Ubuthathaka bemisipha okanye ukuqina ngequbuliso (ukuqaqamba).
• Ukungcangcazela , ingakumbi xa uphumle.
• Ukukhubazeka kokubona.
• Ibali liyadida okanye lingacaci.

Uyijonga njani imeko yabo yempilo?

Ugqirha wakho unokuyalela iimvavanyo ezahlukeneyo ngokuxhomekeke kwiimpawu zakho.

• Uvavanyo lwegazi: Olu vavanyo lunokufumanisa izinto ezifana neetyhefu emzimbeni, iintsimbi ezinzima (ezifana nekopolo kunye nemercury), kunye neengxaki zenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela.
• I-CT scan kunye ne-MRI scan: Ezi zinokuthatha imifanekiso ecacileyo yengqondo kwaye zijonge naluphi na utshintsho kwisakhiwo sayo, umonakalo ovela kwithumba, okanye istroke.
• I-EEG (i-Electroencephalogram): Uvavanyo olulinganisa umsebenzi wombane wengqondo.
• Uvavanyo lwemfuza: Ukuchonga iimeko zemfuza ezifana nesifo sikaHuntington.

Ziziphi iindlela zonyango zezi zifo zinxulumene noko?

Iindlela zonyango zixhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kwimeko yakho ethile. Akukho nyango "lufanayo olufanela bonke". Iyeza lemeko enye linokwenza enye imeko ibe mandundu.

Ezinye iimeko zinyangwa ngamayeza. Kwiimeko ezinzima ngakumbi, utyando lunokufuneka. Ezinye iimeko azinakuphiliswa. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, oogqirha baya kuzama ukulawula iimpawu zakho kwaye bakuncede ugcine umgangatho wobomi bakho ungcono kangangoko. Ke ngoko, ngugqirha wakho kuphela onokumisela unyango olufanelekileyo kwimeko yakho.

Yintoni esinokuyenza ukugcina i-basal ganglia isempilweni?

Nangona singenakukwazi ukuthintela zonke izifo ezichaphazela i-basal ganglia, zininzi izinto esinokuzenza ukunciphisa umngcipheko wethu. Enyanisweni, izinto ezifanayo esizenzayo ukugcina ingqondo nomzimba uphilile zibalulekile.

• Yitya ukutya okunesondlo:Ukunqongophala kweevithamini kunye neeminerali okanye ukugqithisa kunokuchaphazela inkqubo yemithambo-luvo. Kwakhona, ukutya okunempilo kunokunceda ukugcina inkqubo yokujikeleza kwegazi isempilweni. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhusela kwiimeko ezifana nestroke.
• Hlala usempilweni kwaye ugcine ubunzima obusempilweni: Ukuzilolonga nokugcina ubunzima obusempilweni kunokunceda ukukhusela kwizifo ezingonakalisa ingqondo, ezifana noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu.
• Nxiba izixhobo zokuzikhusela: Oku kubaluleke kakhulu! Ukulimala entloko, ingakumbi ukuxhuzula, kunokubangela umonakalo ongunaphakade kwi-basal ganglia. Ke ngoko, kubalulekile ukunxiba izixhobo zokuzikhusela entloko, ezifana nesigcina-ntloko, xa ukhwela iibhayisekile, iibhayisekile, udlala imidlalo ethile, nakwimisebenzi eyingozi.
• Lawula izifo zakho ezingapheliyo: Ukuba unesifo seswekile okanye uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, landela imiyalelo kagqirha wakho kwaye usele amayeza akho njengoko kuyalelwe. Ukwenza njalo kunokunceda ukuthintela okanye ukulawula umonakalo onokwenziwa zezi meko engqondweni yakho.

I-basal ganglia yinxalenye emangalisayo nebaluleke kakhulu yobuchopho bethu. Oososayensi basafunda ngayo. Kodwa esikwaziyo kukuba le nxalenye incinci ichaphazela phantse yonke into yobomi bethu. Ngoko ke luxanduva lwethu ukuyinyamekela nokuyigcina isempilweni.