Ngaba uyayazi ngokwenene le "nto ingwevu" engqondweni yakho? Masithethe ngayo!

Sonke sinomdla wokwazi ngengqondo yethu, akunjalo? Xa sithetha ngengqondo, kukho iindawo ezahlukeneyo, kunye neendlela ezahlukeneyo ezisebenza ngayo. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngethishu ekhethekileyo engqondweni esinceda senze izinto ezininzi ezibalulekileyo, ezinje ngokwenza imisebenzi yethu yemihla ngemihla, ukucinga, ukukhumbula, kunye nokulawula iimvakalelo zethu. Oko kubizwa ngokuba yi -'Grey Matter.' Mhlawumbi ukhe waliva eli gama kugqirha okanye kwenye indawo. Ngoko ke, masibone ukuba lithini?

Yintoni le 'Gray Matter'?

Ngamafutshane, 'iGrey Matter' luhlobo olubaluleke kakhulu lwezicubu engqondweni yakho nakwi-spinal cord - 'iCentral Nervous System' yakho. Yiyo ekuncedayo ukuba wenze imisebenzi yakho yemihla ngemihla ngokuqhelekileyo. Uyazi ukuba yintoni engaphakathi kuyo? Ngokuyintloko yenziwe ngamanani amakhulu 'emizimba ye-neuronal', 'ii-axon terminals', iziphelo zeeseli ze-nerve, kunye 'nee-dendrites'.

Ngoku mhlawumbi uyazibuza ukuba yintoni iseli yemithambo-luvo (i-'neuron'). Cinga ngale ndlela, iseli yemithambo-luvo ifana nesithunywa esincinci. Ineenxalenye ezintathu eziphambili:

• `Umzimba omkhulu we-neuronal` . Ngaphakathi kule kukho `i-nucleus`. Njengeziko lolawulo lomzimba wethu, le nucleus ilawula yonke imisebenzi yeseli kwaye igcina ulwazi lwemfuza yeseli.
• I-axon sisakhiwo eside, esibhityileyo, esinamasebe esithwala imiqondiso yombane. Sifana nocingo lwefowuni oluthwala imiyalezo.
• Kukho 'ii-dendrites' ezininzi, ezifana namasebe afumana imiqondiso evela kwezinye iiseli. Ezi zezona ziqokelela ulwazi oluvela kwezinye iiseli zemithambo-luvo ezikufutshane, njengokuthetha nabantu abasecaleni.

Ngoko ke, le 'nto ingwevu' ifumene igama layo kuba inenani elikhulu lemizimba yeeseli zemithambo-luvo efana nale. Kwakhona, inombala ongwevu kancinci.

Iphuhliswa njani 'iGrey Matter'?

Le 'Grey Matter' iqala ukukhula isemncinci kakhulu. Oko kukuthi, xa umntwana esesiswini sikanina, uqala ukukhula ngexesha 'lophuhliso lwe-fetal' . Emva koko, xa umntwana ezalwa, ubungakanani bale 'Grey Matter' buyanda de kube yiminyaka esi-8 ubudala. Ayipheleli apho, de kube yiminyaka engama-20 ubudala, uxinano lwale 'Grey Matter', oko kukuthi, ubungakanani beeseli zemithambo-luvo ezidityaniswe ngokuqinileyo, luyanda. Oku kwanda koxinano kuko okusivumela ukuba sicubungule ulwazi ngokukhawuleza ('ukucubungula okuphezulu') kwaye siphuhlise ingqondo ngakumbi.

Kodwa nantsi into ebaluleke kakhulu ekufuneka siyikhumbule. Ii-neurons azizikhulisi okanye azizilungisi ngokwazo. Oko kuthetha ukuba ukuba i-neuron yonakele okanye iyafa, ayizukwenziwa entsha ukuze ithathe indawo yayo. Yiyo loo nto kubaluleke kangaka ukunyamekela ubuchopho bethu.

I-'Gray Matter' yengqondo yomntu ikhetheke njani?

Ngoku khangela, iinkqubo zemithambo-luvo zezinye izilwanyana ezincancisayo, njengeempuku kunye needolphin, zifana kancinci nezethu. Nangona kunjalo, kukho umahluko omkhulu kwisakhiwo sengqondo yomntu. Ukhe wayibona imifanekiso yengqondo enemibimbi emininzi, akunjalo? Kwezo mibimbi, iindawo "ezitshonileyo" zibizwa ngokuba yi- "sulci" kwaye iindawo "ezivuvukileyo" zibizwa ngokuba yi- "gyri." Ezi layer zincinci zibizwa ngokuba yi-"sulci" kunye ne-"gyri" zilapho kukho khona iiseli zemithambo-luvo kumphezulu wobuchopho. Yiloo nto siyibiza ngokuba yi-"grey matter."

Cinga ngale ndlela, kufana nokusonga iphepha ukuze kufakwe izinto ezininzi kwindawo encinci. Le yindlela esinokufaka ngayo ubuchopho obukhulu entlokweni encinci, kwaye ikwasivumela ukuba sigcine 'iGrey Matter' eninzi. Yiyo loo nto abantu benayo 'iGrey Matter' eninzi kunezinye izilwanyana ezincancisayo. Umzekelo, ubuchopho bomntu bune-'Grey Matter' ephindwe kayi-1000 ngaphezulu kobuchopho bempuku! Ayimangalisi loo nto?

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwe-'Grey Matter' kunye ne-'White Matter'?

Usenokuba ukhe weva 'ngeWhite Matter'. Zombini, 'Grey Matter' kunye 'neWhite Matter', ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yengqondo yakho kunye nomqolo. Malunga ne-40% yengqondo yakho yenziwe 'yiGrey Matter', ngelixa enye i-60% yenziwe 'yiWhite Matter'.

• I-Grey matter iqulethe imizimba yeeseli ze-neuronal kunye nee-dendrites zazo. Ezi dendrites zizakhiwo ezincinci ezifana neminwe ezinxibelelana nee-neurons ezikufutshane.
• Kwelinye icala, 'iWhite Matter' iqulethe 'ii-axon' ezinde zeeseli zemithambo-luvo. Ezi zezona zithwala imiyalezo kwiindawo ezikude zengqondo kunye nomqolo.

Kukho umahluko kwindlela esebenza ngayo:

Ngenxa yokuba i-'Grey Matter' inenani elikhulu lemizimba yeeseli zemithambo-luvo (apho kukho i-nucleus yeseli), ukucutshungulwa kolwazi kwenzeka apha. Amandla akhethekileyo abantu okucinga nokuqiqa asekelwe kule 'Grey Matter'. Oko kukuthi, yonke into esiyivayo, esiyibonayo, esiyicingayo, esiyishukumayo, esiyifundayo, esiyithethayo, nesiyiqondayo yenzeka kwi-'Grey Matter'.

Indima ye-'White Matter' kukubonelela ngonxibelelwano phakathi kweendawo ezahlukeneyo ze-'Grey Matter', naphakathi kwe-'Grey Matter' kunye nezinye iindawo zomzimba. Njengeendlela ezithwala imiyalezo.

Umahluko wombala:

I-'Grey Matter' ifumana umbala wayo ongwevu ngenxa yobuninzi beeseli zemithambo-luvo. I-'White Matter' ifumana umbala wayo omhlophe ngenxa yesigqubuthelo esikhuselayo esibizwa ngokuba yi-'myelin sheath' ejikeleze i-'axons'.

Kwenzeka ntoni kwi-'Grey Matter'?

'I-Grey Matter' ejikeleza kuyo yonke inkqubo yakho ye-nervous ibalulekile ekulawuleni iintshukumo zakho, ukugcina inkumbulo, kunye nokulawula iimvakalelo . Iindawo ezahlukeneyo zobuchopho zinoxanduva lwemisebenzi eyahlukeneyo. Ngoko ke, 'iGrey Matter' idlala indima enkulu kuyo yonke imisebenzi yabantu.

Iphi i-'Grey Matter'?

Izinto ezingwevu zifumaneka kumphezulu wobuchopho bakho, nakwindawo engaphakathi yobuchopho kunye nomqolo.

Ingqondo:

Umphezulu kunye neendawo ezinzulu zobuchopho ziqulethe izinto ezingwevu. Iintsinga kunye neengxinano ezikwingqondo - ezibizwa ngokuba yi-gyri kunye ne-sulci - zenziwe ngezinto ezingwevu. Ezi zakhiwo zandisa indawo yomphezulu kwaye zivumela iiseli zemithambo-luvo ezininzi, zinika abantu umgangatho ophezulu wokusebenza kobuchopho kunezinye izilwanyana ezanyisayo.

IGrey Matter igxile kakhulu kwezi zinto zilandelayo:

• I-Cerebellum : Le yinxalenye yengqondo yakho elawula izinto ezifana nokuhamba kwakho kunye nokulinganisela. Okumangalisayo kukuba, le cerebellum incinci ineeseli zemithambo-luvo ezininzi kunazo zonke ezinye iindawo zengqondo yakho zidibene!
• `Ingqondo` : Le yeyona nxalenye inkulu yobuchopho. Ibandakanyeka kwizinto ezifana nokucinga, ukwenza izigqibo, ulwimi, kunye nenkumbulo.
• `Ingqondo` : Oku kudibanisa ingqondo nomqolo. Le nxalenye ilawula imisebenzi ebalulekileyo efana nokuphefumla kunye nokubetha kwentliziyo.

Umqolo:

I-'Grey Matter' sisakhiwo esifana nophondo esikuyo yonke intambo yomgogodla (into emhlophe ikwindawo engaphandle). Kwintambo yomgogodla, yahlulwe yangamacandelo athile:

• Ikholamu engwevu engaphambili : Yile nto ithumela imiqondiso kwimisipha kwaye ilawula intshukumo.
• `Ikholamu engwevu engasemva` : Kulapho sifumana khona iimvakalelo ezivela emzimbeni ezifana nokuchukumisa, iintlungu, kunye nobushushu.
• `Ikholamu engwevu esecaleni` : Oku kunxulumene nenkqubo yemithambo-luvo ezimeleyo, oko kukuthi, nezinto esingazilawuli ngabom (umz. isantya sentliziyo, ukubila).

Zithini izizathu zokulahleka/ukulahleka kwezinto ezingwevu?

Xa iiseli zemithambo-luvo kwi-'Gray Matter' zisifa, 'ziyaphela' , oko kuthetha ukuba ziyancipha ngobukhulu. Isizathu esiphambili sokuba iiseli zemithambo-luvo zife kukuba azifumani igazi . Ngenxa yokuba ezi seli zemithambo-luvo zisebenza rhoqo, zifuna ioksijini eninzi (evela egazini) ukuze zisebenze ngokufanelekileyo. Ukuba igazi linqanyulwa ngequbuliso, umzekelo, xa kuthe kwabakho isifo sohlangothi okanye xa kuthe kwabakho igazi ebuchotsheni , ezi seli zinokufa okanye zonakale.

Iiseli zemithambo-luvo ezingwevu ziyafa ngokwemvelo njengoko sikhula, kodwa zezona ziseli ziphila ixesha elide emizimbeni yethu.

Ukongeza, kukho nezinye iimeko ezininzi ezinxulumene nomonakalo we-grey matter:

• Isifo sika-Alzheimer : Esi sisifo apho iintlobo ezimbini zeeproteni – iproteni ye-amyloid kunye neproteni ye-tau – ziqokelelana ngendlela engaqhelekanga engqondweni. Oku kubangela ukuba iiseli zemithambo-luvo ezikwinto engwevu zife.
• Isifo sikaParkinson : Esi sifo sibangelwa kukulahlekelwa ziiseli zemithambo-luvo kwinxalenye yobuchopho ebizwa ngokuba yi-substantia nigra, equlethe i-grey matter. Sisifo esichaphazela intshukumo.
• I-Multiple Sclerosis (MS) : Abantu abaninzi bayazi i-MS njengesifo esisusa imyelin esichaphazela izinto ezimhlophe. Nangona kunjalo, uphando olutsha lubonise ukuba iyonakalisa nezinto ezingwevu, ingakumbi izinto ezingwevu ezingaphakathi engqondweni.
• Ukulimala kobuchopho okubangela iTrauma (TBI) : Ukubetheka kakhulu entloko kunokubangela umonakalo kwi-grey matter ngenxa yokuphuma kwegazi ngaphakathi kobuchopho . Oku kunokukhokelela kwinkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yi-apoptosis (ukufa kweeseli okucwangcisiweyo) .

Ziziphi iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zomonakalo 'weGrey Matter'?

Ngokwesiqhelo, ukonakala kwezinto ezingwevu kunokubangela iimpawu ezifana nezi:

• Ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo : Ngamanye amaxesha uyazilibala izinto, akunjalo? Izinto ezincinci ziqhelekile. Kodwa xa into engwevu yonakele, oku kulibala kunokuba nzima ngakumbi, kwaye usenokungakwazi ukukhumbula izinto ezintsha.
• `Ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo` : Oku kuthetha iingxaki zolwimi (ubunzima bokufumana amagama, ubunzima bokuqonda oko kuthethwayo), ubunzima bokugxila, ubunzima bokucinga nokwenza izigqibo ngendlela enengqondo, kunye nobunzima bokwenza izigqibo ezinzima.
• Iingxaki zemisipha : Kunokuba nzima ukwenza imisebenzi ebandakanya izakhono zemisipha emihle (umz., ukuqhobosha ihempe, ukubhala, ukubamba ikomityi).

Ungayijonga njani impilo ye-'Gray Matter'?

Oogqirha badla ngokusebenzisa i-MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) ukuvavanya impilo yento yakho engwevu kunye nento emhlophe. Olu vavanyo lunokunceda ekuxilongeni izifo ezifana nesifo sikaParkinson kunye ne-multiple sclerosis (MS).

Ukongeza, ezinye iimvavanyo ezinokuvavanya impilo kunye nokusebenza kwezinto ezingwevu zezi:Ziyi-'functional MRI (fMRI)` kunye ne -`positron emission tomography (PET)` .

Ngaba umonakalo ongwevu unganyangwa?

Oku kuyinto ebuhlungu kancinci. Ngelishwa, okwangoku akukho ndlela yokunyanga okanye yokubuyisela umonakalo obangelwe yi-grey matter. Njengoko benditshilo ngaphambili, xa iiseli zemithambo-luvo zisifa, aziphinde zivelise. Kwakhona, iiseli zemithambo-luvo azihlukani kwaye aziphindaphindi njengezinye iiseli emzimbeni wethu.

Ngoko ke, indlela ekuphela kwayo yokunyanga iimeko ezinxulumene nomonakalo okanye ukulahleka kwezinto ezingwevu kukulawula iimpawu.

Ungayigcina njani i-'Gray Matter' isempilweni?

Kodwa, akufuneki silahle ithemba! Nangona singenakuyithintela ngokupheleleyo ilahleko yezinto ezingwevu, zininzi izinto esinokuzenza ukugcina le nxalenye ibalulekileyo yengqondo yethu isempilweni.

Ukunikezelwa kwegazi neoksijini ngokufanelekileyo kubalulekile kwimpilo ye-'Gray Matter'. Ngoko ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukulawula izinto ezinokubangela umngcipheko we -'cerebrovascular disease' . Nazi ezinye izinto onokuzenza ukuze wenze oku:

• Ukuba une- high blood pressure (uxinzelelo lwegazi), yilawule.
• Ukuzilolonga rhoqo .
• Ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kotywala .
• Ukugcina ubunzima obusempilweni obukufaneleyo.
• Ukulala kamnandi ebusuku .
• Ukulawula amanqanaba eswekile egazini lakho kunye ne-cholesterol .
• Kuphephe ukutshaya , okanye uyeke ukuba uyatshaya.
• Ukuzama ukunciphisa uxinzelelo .

Nangona i-grey matter iyancipha ngokwendalo xa abantu bekhula, uphando lubonise ukuba abantu abaneminyaka engama-65 nangaphezulu abaqhelisa rhoqo banomthamo omkhulu we-grey matter kunabo bangenzi njalo. Olu bungqina lubonisa ukuba ukuhlala usebenza ubomi bakho bonke kunokukunceda ugcine i-grey matter yakho isempilweni kwaye ikuncede uphile ixesha elide.

Kwakhona, ukufunda izinto ezintsha kunye nezakhono ezintsha kangangeeveki ezimbalwa, kungekuphela nje iiyure ezimbalwa, kunokuphucula impilo ye-"Gray Matter" yakho. Nangona olu hlobo lokuvuselela ingqondo lungadali iiseli zemithambo-luvo ezintsha, lunokudala unxibelelwano olutsha phakathi kweeseli zemithambo-luvo ezikhoyo. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi- "brain plasticity / neuroplasticity."

Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule

'I-Grey Matter' sisicwili esibalulekileyo engqondweni yakho nakwi-spinal cord esikuvumela ukuba usebenzisane nehlabathi elikujikelezileyo. Sisisiseko sayo yonke imisebenzi yengqondo. Iimeko ezahlukeneyo zonyango zinokuchaphazela 'iGrey Matter' yakho. Nangona kunjalo, rhoqoUnokunceda ekukhuseleni impilo yengqondo yakho ngokulandela indlela yokuphila enempilo, njengokuzilolonga nokugcina ubunzima obusempilweni obukufaneleyo.

Ukuba wena okanye umntu omthandayo nineempawu ocinga ukuba zinxulumene nokuphazamiseka kwengqondo, nceda ubone ugqirha ukuze akunike icebiso. Leyo yeyona nto ingcono onokuyenza.

Ingqondo , Izinto Ezingwevu, Inkqubo Yeemvakalelo, Iiseli Zemithambo-luvo, Intambo Yomgogodla, Inkumbulo, Ukucinga, Impilo Yobuchopho, Izinto Ezimhlophe, Izifo Zemithambo-luvo