Yintoni igazi? (Igazi) Makhe sithethe ngale nto ngokweenkcukacha!

Ubusazi na ukuba igazi liyinto exabisekileyo kakhulu emzimbeni wethu, njengomthombo wobomi, lihlala lihamba kwaye linceda yonke into emzimbeni wakho ukuba isebenze ngokufanelekileyo? Nangona igazi liyilwelo kakhulu, lijiyile kunamanzi kuba liqulathe iiseli kunye neeproteni. Ngokuchanekileyo, igazi lenza umsebenzi omhle wokugcina imizimba yethu isempilweni.

Kwenzeka ntoni ngokwenene egazini?

Igazi elihamba ngemithambo yakho lenza umsebenzi omangalisayo ngokwenene. Khawucinge nje ngendlela ezi zinto zincinci ezinokwenza ngayo.

• Igazi lithwala ioksijini kunye nezondlo emzimbeni wakho wonke .
• Xa wenzakele ndaweni ithile kwaye wopha igazi, oko kunceda ekulawuleni ukopha kwegazi ngokwenza amahlwili egazi .
• Umzimba wakho ulwa nzima ukuzikhusela kwiintsholongwane kunye neentsholongwane.
• Igazi likwanceda ekususeni inkunkuma engafunekiyo eqokelelana emzimbeni.
• Igazi libalulekile ekulawuleni ubushushu bomzimba wakho .

Zithini izinto eziyinxalenye yegazi?

Ngamafutshane, kukho iinxalenye ezine eziphambili zegazi. Inxalenye nganye kwezi inendima ethile.

1. Iiseli zegazi ezibomvu

2. Iiseli zegazi ezimhlophe

3. Iiplatelets

4. Iplasma

Iiseli ezibomvu zegazi kunye neplasma zenza uninzi lwegazi lakho. Xa zidityanisiwe, iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi kunye neeplatelets zenza ngaphantsi kwe-1% yegazi lakho. Ngamanye amaxesha umxube wezi zimbini ubizwa ngokuba yi-'buffy coat'.

Zithini iiseli ezibomvu zegazi (ii-Erythrocytes)?

Ngoku makhe sijonge ezi seli zibomvu zegazi, okanye njengoko oogqirha bezibiza, ``ii-Erythrocytes.`` Uninzi lwegazi lakho, malunga ne-45%, lenziwe ngezi seli zibomvu zegazi.

• Ezi seli zifumana umbala wazo obomvu owahlukileyo kwiproteni ebizwa ngokuba yihemoglobin. Le hemoglobin inceda iiseli ezibomvu zithwale ioksijini ziye kwezinye iiseli ukuze zifumane amandla.
• Into emangalisayo kukuba ezi seli zibomvu zinokungena nakwimithambo yegazi emincinci, kwimithambo yegazi, nakwimithambo yegazi yenkqubo yakho yokujikeleza kwegazi.
• Kodwa ezi seli zibomvu ziphila ixesha elifutshane. Ziphila malunga neentsuku ezili-120 kwaye zithatyathelw’ indawo ziiseli ezintsha.

Kwenzeka ntoni kwiiseli ezimhlophe zegazi (ii-leukocytes)?

Iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi, okanye `(iiLeukocytes),` zenza ngaphantsi kwe-1% yegazi lakho. Kodwa zingamajoni aphambili `(inkqubo yomzimba wakho yokuzikhusela).` Xa utshaba olufana nentsholongwane, iibhaktheriya, okanye iiseli zomhlaza zihlasela umzimba, ezi seli ezimhlophe zegazi zezona zikhawuleza ukuzifuna nokuzitshabalalisa. Iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi zinokuhamba ukusuka kwii-capillaries ukuya kwizicubu. Kukho iintlobo ezintlanu zezi seli ezimhlophe zegazi:

• IiNeutrophils: Ezi zibulala iintsholongwane kunye neefungi, kwaye zisusa nenkunkuma kwihlabathi langaphandle.
• Iilymphocytes: Ezi ziquka ii-T-cells, ii-natural killer cells, kunye nee-B-cells. Zikhusela kwiintsholongwane kwaye zenze ii-antibodies zokulwa neentsholongwane.
• IiBasophils: Ezi zisabela kwi-allergens.
• Ii-Eosinophils: Zifuna kwaye zitshabalalise ii-parasites kunye neeseli zomhlaza, kwaye zincede ii-basophils kwiimpendulo ze-allergy.
• IiMonocytes: Zikhangela kwaye zitshabalalise iintsholongwane, iibhaktheriya, iifungi, kunye neeprotozoa. Zikwasusa neeseli ezonakeleyo.

Indima yeeplatelets (iiThrombocytes)

Ukuba omnye wemithambo yakho yegazi wonakele kwaye uqala ukopha, into yokuqala eza kukunceda zezi platelets (thrombocytes). Iiplatelets zenza amahlwili egazi, avala umthambo wegazi owonakeleyo aze athintele igazi elininzi ekuphumeni emzimbeni.

• Ezi zenza ngaphantsi kwe-1% yegazi lakho, kodwa kukho amashumi amawaka eeplatelets kwithontsi elinye legazi lakho.
• Bafumana igama elithi "iiplatelets" ngenxa yendlela ezisebenza ngayo egazini. Iiplatelets zezona nxalenye zikhaphukhaphu zegazi. Zimile okweeplate, zinamathele eludongeni lwemithambo yegazi, apho iplasma kunye nezinye iiseli zegazi zihamba khona.
• Iiplatelets zineeproteni ezinamathelayo , ezifana neVelcro®, ezinceda ukuba zinamathele kwimithambo yegazi ephukileyo.

Yintoni iPlasma?

Iiseli zakho ezibomvu zegazi, iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi, kunye neeplatelets zonke zihambahamba kwiplasma. Iplasma lulwelo olumthubi olwenza malunga ne-55% yegazi lakho. Iplasma ifana nomsebenzi omninzi egazini lakho, inceda umzimba wakho wenze izinto ezininzi. Nazi ezinye zezinto ezenziwa yiplasma:

• Inceda ukujiya kwegazi kwaye ikhusela kwiintsholongwane.
• Iihormone zithutha izondlo kunye neeproteni kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba kwaye zinceda ekutshintshiseni ioksijini kunye nekharbon dioxide.
• Isusa inkunkuma kwiiseli ize iyise esibindini, emaphaphu nasezintsoni ukuze ilahlwe.
• Igcina uxinzelelo lwegazi lwakho kunye nokujikeleza kwegazi.
• Ilawula ubushushu bomzimba ngokufunxa nokukhulula ubushushu.

Zithini iintlobo zegazi?

Asinalo lonke uhlobo lwegazi olufanayo, akunjalo? Kukho iintlobo ezine eziphambili zegazi. Ezi ntlobo zahlukile ngokuxhomekeke ekubeni zikhona na ii-antigen ezithile egazini okanye azikho. Ii-Antigens zizinto ezibangela ukuba inkqubo yakho yomzimba iphendule. Ukwazi uhlobo lwegazi lakho kubaluleke kakhulu xa kukho imeko engxamisekileyo.

Igazi liveliswa phi? Liphi emzimbeni?

Igazi yinto ehamba emzimbeni wakho wonke. Kodwa eli gazi liqala ukwakheka kumongo wakho wethambo.Umongo wethambo uneentlobo ezithile zeeseli ezibizwa ngokuba zii-stem cells. Ezi stem cells zivelisa iitrillion zeeseli, kuquka neeseli zegazi. Iiseli zegazi ziyakhula kwaye zivuthwe kumongo wethambo ngaphambi kokuba ziqokelelwe kwimithambo yegazi. Ayimangalisi loo nto? Igazi lenza malunga ne-8% yobunzima bomzimba wakho .

Ziziphi izifo eziqhelekileyo ezichaphazela igazi?

Ngelishwa, igazi lethu linokuhlakulela izifo ezahlukeneyo. Kukho amaqela amathathu aphambili ezifo ezichaphazela igazi: umhlaza wegazi, izifo ezichaphazela ukusebenza kwegazi (iingxaki zegazi), kunye ne-atherosclerosis, isifo senkqubo yentliziyo. Kwezi, umhlaza wegazi kunye neengxaki zegazi zezona zichaphazela kakhulu impilo yegazi.

Umhlaza Wegazi

Umhlaza wegazi wenzeka xa kukho into ephazamisana nenkqubo yokwenza iiseli zegazi emzimbeni wakho. Kumntu onomhlaza wegazi, iiseli zegazi ezingaqhelekanga ziyakhula kwaye zithintele iiseli zegazi eziqhelekileyo nezisempilweni. Kukho iintlobo ezintathu eziphambili zomhlaza wegazi:

• I-Leukemia: Olu lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lomhlaza wegazi.
• I-Lymphoma: Lo ngumhlaza wenkqubo yakho ye-lymphatic. Umongo wakho wethambo, owenza iiseli zegazi, nawo uyinxalenye yenkqubo ye-lymphatic.
• I-Myeloma: Oku kuqala kumongo wethambo kwaye kuchaphazela iiseli zakho zeplasma.

Ezinye iingxaki zegazi

Ezi azizizo izifo zomhlaza, kodwa zinokubangela ukuba iindawo ezahlukeneyo zegazi lakho zingasebenzi kakuhle. Ezi ziquka i-anemia, iingxaki zokujiya kwegazi, kunye neengxaki zokopha.

Ezinye izifo zegazi zisenokungabonakalisi zimpawu kwaye zisenokungadingi unyango. Ezinye zizifo "ezingapheliyo" ubomi bonke ezifuna unyango, kodwa aziyichaphazeli iminyaka yokuphila. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye izifo zegazi ziyingozi kakhulu kwaye zinokubeka ubomi esichengeni.

Oogqirha banyanga ezi zifo zegazi ngokulawula iimpawu kunye nokunyanga unobangela oyintloko.

Ii-anemia

I-anemia yeyona sifo segazi esingaqhelekanga esingengomhlaza. Sivela xa umzimba wakho ungenazo iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ezaneleyo. Abanye abantu banokuba ne-anemia eyenzeka kusapho lwabo, kodwa inokukhula ngexesha lobomi babo. Kukho iintlobo ezininzi ze-anemia. Ezinye zezona zixhaphakileyo zezi:

• I-anemia yokungabikho kwesinyithi
• I-anemia eyingozi
• I-anemia yeseli yesickle

Iingxaki Zokuqunjelwa Kwegazi

Ingxaki yokunqanda igazi ichaphazela iiplatelets zakho okanye izinto ezinqanda igazi. Izinto ezinqanda igazi ziiproteni ezisegazini lakho ezinceda iiplatelets zilawule ukopha kwegazi. Usenokuba nesifo sokunqanda igazi kamva ebomini, okanye ungasifumana ngenxa yesiphene semfuza.

Ukuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo zeProthrombin kunye neFactor V Leiden syndrome zimizekelo yeengxaki zokunqanqatheka kwegazi ezizuzwe njengelifa. I-Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) kunye ne-disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) zimizekelo yeengxaki zokunqanqatheka kwegazi eziqala kamva.

Iingxaki Zokopha

Izifo zokopha zenzeka xa igazi lakho lingajiyi ngokuqhelekileyo. Oku kunokubangela ukuba wophe kakhulu kunesiqhelo. Isifo sikaVon Willebrand sesona sifo sixhaphakileyo sokopha eMelika. I-Hemophilia yenye imeko engaqhelekanga, ezuzwe njengelifa.

Igazi lakho liyimithombo exabisekileyo kakhulu. Lihlala linyamekela umzimba wakho, linceda yonke into ukuba isebenze kakuhle.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo esinokuyifunda kuyo yonke le nto (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Igazi lakho liyamangalisa ngokwenene, akunjalo? Lithwala ioksijini kwiiseli zakho ukuze lenze amandla. Likhusela umzimba wakho kwiintshaba zangaphandle. Lilawula ukopha ukuba wenzakele. Ungayinyamekela igazi lakho, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha awukwazi ukuziphepha izifo ezichaphazela igazi. Ngethamsanqa, oogqirha namhlanje banokunyanga izifo ezininzi ezinzulu zegazi, kubandakanya i-leukemia kunye nezinye iingxaki zegazi. Ke ngoko, ukuba ubona naluphi na utshintsho egazini lakho okanye naziphi na iimpawu ezingaqhelekanga, kungcono ukufuna iingcebiso zonyango ngoko nangoko. Ukuze uhlale usempilweni, kubalulekile ukuqaphela olu lwelo lumangalisayo ngaphakathi emizimbeni yethu.

Igazi , igazi, iiseli ezibomvu zegazi, iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi, iiplatelets, iplasma, izifo zegazi