Ngaba siyazi ngokwenene ngeelensi zangaphakathi kweso (ii-IOL)?

Ngaba wakha weva ngee-cataracts? Okanye mhlawumbi ufuna indlela yokubona ihlabathi ngokucacileyo ngaphandle kweeglasi. Ugqirha wakho wamehlo usenokuba ukuxelele ngee-'Intraocular Lenses' okanye ii-'IOLs'. Ngoko ke, namhlanje siza kuthetha ngendlela elula neyobuhlobo malunga nokuba zeziphi ezi 'IOLs', ngubani ozifunayo, zeziphi iintlobo ezikhoyo, indlela yokukhetha efanelekileyo kuthi, kunye neengxaki ezinokubangela.

Zithini ii-IOL? Kutheni zibalulekile kuthi?

Ngamafutshane, i-'IOL' okanye 'I-Intraocular Lens' yilensi yokwenziwa ecacileyo kakhulu efakwe ngaphakathi kweliso lakho, ithatha indawo yelensi yakho yendalo. Cinga ngayo, ilensi yendalo engaphakathi kweliso lethu ifana 'nelensi' yekhamera. Ngokuhamba kwexesha, le lensi inokuba namafu, nto leyo esiyibiza ngokuba yi-'cataract' . Kulapho kufakwa khona i-'IOL' ukususa loo lensi yendalo inamafu, ikunike umbono ocacileyo kwakhona. Njengokuba wenza ngeeglasi zakho okanye 'iilensi zoqhagamshelwano', ezi lensi ze-'IOL' zinokulungisa iziphene ezahlukeneyo zokubona. Umzekelo:

• I-Myopia (ukubona izinto kufutshane): Ukubona izinto kufutshane ngokucacileyo, kodwa izinto ezikude zibonakala zingacacanga.
• Ukubona izinto ezikufutshane (i-Hyperopia okanye ukubona izinto ezikude): Ukubona izinto ezikude ngokucacileyo, kodwa ukubona izinto ezikufutshane, ingakumbi xa ujonge incwadi okanye iphephandaba, akucaci.
• I-Presbyopia (ukubona izinto ezikufutshane) njengoko sikhula: Abantu abaninzi bakufumanisa kunzima ukufunda umbhalo omncinci emva kweminyaka engama-40.
• I-Astigmatism: Oku kubangelwa kukutshintsha kwesimo seliso, okubangela ukuba ukukhanya kusasazeka endaweni yokugxila kwindawo enye, nto leyo ebangela ukuba umbono ungabonakali kakuhle.

Ezi lensi ze-`IOL` zifakwa ngokusisigxina elisweni , oko kuthetha ukuba zihlala zikho ubomi bonke emva kotyando. Zinokuphucula kakhulu ukubona kwakho kwaye zinciphise kakhulu ukuxhomekeka kwakho kwiiglasi kwimisebenzi yemihla ngemihla. Ezi lensi ze-`IOL` zihlala zifakwa ngexesha lotyando lwe-cataract .

Ngubani ngokwenene ozidingayo ezi lensi ze-IOL?

Ungazuza kwi-IOLs ukuba unayo nayiphi na kwezi meko:

• Ukuba une -cataracts kwaye awukwazi ukubona kakuhle ngenxa yazo: Enyanisweni, abantu abaninzi abenza utyando lwe-cataract phantse ngokuqinisekileyo bayayidinga i- IOL ukuze babuyisele umbono wabo.
• Ukuba unezinye iimpazamo zokungahoyi, kodwa awungomntu ufanelekileyo kwezinye iindlela zokulungisa umbono ezifana neLASIK :Ngamanye amaxesha, ngenxa yeemeko ezithile ze-cornea, i-'LASIK' ayinakwenzeka. Kubantu abanjalo, iilensi ze-'IOL' zinokuba sisisombululo esilungileyo.

Zeziphi iintlobo zeelensi ze-IOL ezikhoyo? Makhe sijonge nganye nganye.

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-IOL. Uhlobo ngalunye luneengenelo kunye neengxaki zalo. Eyona ngxaki inkulu yezinye iintlobo zeelensi kukuba usadinga iiglasi kwimisebenzi ethile (umzekelo, ukufunda incwadi). Nangona ezinye iintlobo ze-IOL zinokunciphisa isidingo seeglasi, zinokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga, ezifana nokukhazimla okujikeleze izibane zemoto xa uqhuba ebusuku. Apha ngezantsi kukho ezinye zeentlobo eziphambili ze-IOL. Kungcono ukuthetha nogqirha wakho wamehlo ukuze agqibe ukuba loluphi uhlobo lwelensi olulungele wena. Angakunceda ukhethe ilensi efanelekileyo kwiimfuno zakho zokubona, indlela ophila ngayo, kunye nezinto ozikhethayo.

1. Iilensi ze-monofocal

Olu luhlobo lwelensi olukhethwa ngabantu abaninzi. Iilensi ze-`Monofocal` zinamandla omnye kuphela okugxila . Oku kuthetha ukuba ezi lensi zilola kuphela isithathu sembono yakho yomgama, umbono ophakathi (umzekelo, xa ujonge ikhompyutha), okanye umbono okufutshane. Abantu abaninzi bafumana ezi lensi ze-`Monofocal` zenzelwe umbono okufutshane. Oku kunceda kakhulu kwimisebenzi efana nokuqhuba. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba oko kuyenzeka, kuya kufuneka usebenzise iiglasi kwimisebenzi yombono okufutshane, njengokufunda incwadi okanye ukujonga iphephandaba. Kwabanye abantu abafuna ukunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwabo kwiiglasi, iilensi ze- `Monovision` ezenzelwe i-`Monofocal IOL` zinokuba lukhetho olufanelekileyo. Ngokwesiqhelo, iilensi ze-`Monofocal` ezifakelwe omabini amehlo zilungelelaniswa nomgama ofanayo (umzekelo, umbono omgama). Kodwa kwi-`Monovision`, ilensi kwelinye iliso yenziwe ngamandla elinye kwaye ilensi kwelinye iliso yenziwe ngamandla ahlukileyo . Umzekelo, unokuba nelensi eyenzelwe umbono omgama kwiliso lakho lasekunene kunye nelensi eyenzelwe umbono okufutshane kwiliso lakho lasekhohlo. Kwi-'Monovision', amehlo akho omabini asebenza kunye ukukunceda ubone izinto ezikude nezikufutshane. Nangona kunjalo, oku kuthatha ixesha ukuqhela. Abanye abantu basenokungakwazi ukuqhela i-'Monovision' kwaphela. Ke ngoko, ngaphambi kokuba ukhethe iilensi ze-'Monovision IOL', ugqirha wakho angakucela ukuba uzame iilensi zokunxibelelana zeMonovision kangangeeveki ezimbalwa. Emva koko ungabona ukuba le ndlela ikulungele na.

2. Iilensi ze-multifocal

Iilensi ze-`Multifocal` zinokuphucula ukubona kwakho okukufutshane nokukude , kwaye zinokunciphisa isidingo seeglasi. Ngokungafaniyo neelensi ze-`Monofocal`, iilensi ze-`Multifocal` zineendawo ezininzi ezijongwayo.Ewe. Ingqondo yakho iyaqhelana nezi ndawo kwaye ikhethe amandla okugxila afunekayo kuyo nayiphi na imisebenzi ethile (umz., ukuqhuba okanye ukufunda incwadi). Kungathatha ixesha ukuqhela ezi lensi. Kodwa ngokuhamba kwexesha, kufuneka ukwazi ukunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwakho ekufundeni iiglasi. Abanye abantu basenokungazidingi kwaphela iiglasi. Enye ingxaki yee lensi ze-'multifocal' kukuba unokubona 'iindandatho' okanye imitha ekhanyayo ('ii-halos') ijikeleze izibane ngamanye amaxesha, njengaxa uqhuba ebusuku.

3. Iilensi ezibanzi zobunzulu bokugxila (EDOF)

Ngokungafaniyo neelensi ze-`multifocal`, iilensi ze-`EDOF` zine -focal point enye ende . Oku kwandisa uluhlu lwakho lokubona oluchanekileyo kunye 'nobunzulu bokugxila'. Ezi lensi zikunika umbono olungileyo kakhulu womgama , kwaye zikwaphucula umbono ophakathi (kwimisebenzi efana nokusebenzisa ikhompyutha). Nangona kunjalo, usenokufuna ukusebenzisa iiglasi kwimisebenzi ekufutshane, njengokufunda incwadi okanye iphephandaba.

4. Iilensi zokuhlala

Ezi lensi zifana neelensi zendalo emehlweni ethu. Oku kuthetha ukuba xa ujonga izinto ezikufutshane okanye ezikude, ezi lensi zinokutshintsha indlela ezibukeka ngayo . Olu lolunye ukhetho olufanelekileyo lokunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwakho kwiiglasi. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba uchitha ixesha elininzi ufunda incwadi okanye kufuneka 'ugxile' kwinto ekufutshane, ungafumana kulula ngakumbi ukusebenzisa iiglasi.

5. Iilensi zeToric

Iilensi zeToric zinceda abantu abane-astigmatism . Ezi lensi ziphucula indlela ukukhanya okuwela ngayo kwi-retina yakho, zikunika umbono ocacileyo nobukhali. Iilensi zeToric ziyafumaneka kwiindlela zeMonofocal, Multifocal, EDOF okanye Accommodative. Ziphucula umgangatho wokubona. Iilensi zeToric zikwanceda ekunciphiseni ukukhanya kunye nee-halos, eziziingxaki eziqhelekileyo kubantu abane-astigmatism.

6. Iilensi ezihlengahlengiswayo ngokukhanya (ii-LAL)

Iilensi ezilungiseka ukukhanya (ii-LAL) zahlukile kwezinye iindlela ze-IOL kuba emva kotyando lwakho lokufakelwa ilensi , ugqirha wakho wamehlo uya kulungisa amandla okulungisa ezi lensi. Oku kwenziwa ngothotho lweenkqubo zonyango lokukhanya kwe-UV, ezibekwe phakathi kweentsuku ezimbalwa. Ezi nkqubo ziya kusondeza ummiselo welensi yakho kufutshane nombono wakho owufunayo kangangoko kunokwenzeka, kwaye ziya kulungiselelwa wena ngokukodwa. Le iseyilensi ye-monofocal, ngoko unokufuna iiglasi zokufunda okanye ukuqhuba.

7. Iilensi zePhakic

Iilensi zePhakic zihlala zifakwa kubantu abancinci, ngelixa zizama ukugcina ilensi yazo yendalo yomntu.Zisetyenziselwa ukulungisa ukubona kufutshane, ingakumbi kwabo bangafanelekanga ukwenza utyando lwe-laser refractive. Oku kunceda ukugcina amandla akho endalo okugxila nokwamkela. Ezi lensi zinokubonelela abantu abaselula ngembono ecacileyo yexesha elide, nokuba kufuneka zisuswe ukuze kwenziwe utyando lwe-cataract kwixesha elizayo.

Ndingayikhetha njani ilensi ye-IOL efanelekileyo kum?

Ugqirha wakho wamehlo uya kugqiba ukuba ungazuza na kutyando lwe-cataract okanye ukuba uyakufanelekela na utyando lokutshintshanisa iilensi ze-refractive. Uya kuchaza ukhetho lwakho aze akuncede ukhethe i-IOL efanelekileyo kuwe. Uya kwenza novavanyo olupheleleyo lwamehlo ukujonga umbono wakho kunye nempilo yamehlo akho. Uya kwenza novavanyo olulula nolungenabuhlungu ukulinganisa ubungakanani kunye nokuma kweliso lakho.

Ngaphambi kokuba uthethe nogqirha wakho wamehlo, kungcono ucinge ngezinto ezibalulekileyo kuwe kwiilensi zakho ze-IOL, kunye nezinto ezingabalulekanga kangako kuwe.

Kungakunceda ukuzibuza le mibuzo:

• Ngaba yingxaki kum ukunxiba iiglasi ngamanye amaxesha? Ukuba kunjalo, kangaphi kwaye ngayiphi injongo? (umz. ebusuku kuphela? xa ufunda iincwadi kuphela?)
• Luhlobo luni lombono olufunekayo kumsebenzi wam/umsebenzi wam? Ngaba ndinengxaki yokunxiba iiglasi kulo msebenzi? (Khawucinge ukuba usebenza nekhompyutha ixesha elide.)
• Ngaba ndihlala ndiqhuba ebusuku? Ukuba kunjalo, ndingaqhela ukubona ukukhanya kunye nee-halos ezijikeleze izibane xa ndiqhuba?
• Zeziphi izinto endizithandayo kunye nemisebenzi endiyithandayo kakhulu? Ndizimisele kangakanani ukuxhomekeka kwiiglasi kwezi zinto? (Umzekelo, ukuba uthanda ukuthunga, ukubona kufutshane kubaluleke kakhulu.)
• Ingakanani imali endiyibekelwe utyando?

Nangona uninzi lwezicwangciso zeinshorensi zigubungela iilensi ze-'Monofocal', kunokufuneka uhlawule ngemali yakho kwezinye iintlobo. Ngoko ke, qiniseka ukuba ufumanisa amaxabiso achanekileyo eenketho ezahlukeneyo ze-'IOL' ngaphambi kokuba wenze isigqibo sokugqibela.

Ziziphi iingxaki kunye neengxaki ezinokwenzeka ngexesha lokufakelwa kwe-IOL?

Iingxaki ezininzi ze-IOL azixhaphakanga , kodwa kulungile ukuzazi. Nazi ezimbalwa:

• I-Posterior capsular opacification: Oku kudla ngokubizwa ngokuba yi-secondary cataract.Oku kwenzeka xa umaleko wezinto uvela emva kwelensi efakelweyo, kwiinyanga okanye kwiminyaka emva kotyando. Le yinkqubo eqhelekileyo emva kotyando, kwaye yinto wonke umntu anokuyilindela ngokuhamba kwexesha. Ukunyanga oku kukhawuleza kakhulu kwaye kulula, kudla ngokwenziwa eofisini kusetyenziswa "ilaser".
• Ukuqhekeka kwe -IOL: Oku kuxa i-IOL yakho isuka kwindawo yayo eqhelekileyo. Usemngciphekweni omkhulu ukuba uneemeko ezithile zamehlo , ezifana ne-pseudoexfoliation syndrome, okanye ukuba ukhe wenzakala emehlweni okanye watyandwa amehlo ngaphambili. Ezinye iimeko zemfuza , ezifana ne-Ehlers-Danlos syndrome kunye ne-Marfan syndrome, nazo zinokunyusa umngcipheko wakho. Kwezinye iimeko, utyando lunokufuneka ukuze kulungiswe okanye kutshintshwe i-IOL.
• I-Uveitis-glaucoma-hyphema (UGH): I-UGH syndrome yenzeka xa i-IOL icaphukisa i-iris yakho kunye nezinye iindawo zeliso lakho. Oku kunokubangela ukudumba ngaphakathi, uxinzelelo oluphezulu lwangaphakathi kweso, kunye nezinye iimpawu. Njengakwi-IOL dislocation, utyando lunokufuneka ukuze kulungiswe i-IOL okanye kufakwe entsha. Le yingxaki engaqhelekanga kakhulu abantu abaninzi abangayifumaniyo ngexesha lotyando oluqhelekileyo.
• Ukukhanya kwe-IOL: Kulapho ilensi yakho ye-IOL iba namafu khona. Umbono wakho usenokungacaci kakuhle, kwaye ungabona ukukhanya okujikeleze izibane. Unyango lutyando lokufaka i-IOL entsha. Oku kungaqhelekanga kakhulu kwii-IOL zanamhlanje.
• Utshintsho olungalindelekanga lombono (`Refractive surprise`): `Refractive surprise` kuxa umbono wakho ungacacanga njengoko wena nogqirha wakho wamehlo benilindele emva kokufakelwa i-`IOL`. Ugqirha wakho wamehlo uza kucebisa izisombululo ezahlukeneyo. Ungayamkela umbono wakho njengoko unjalo kwaye ungenzi nto ingaphezulu. Okanye unganxiba iiglasi, wenze utyando lokulungisa umbono nge-`laser` njenge-`LASIK` okanye i-`PRK`, okanye wenze utyando lokutshintshana kwelensi ye-`IOL`.

Ngaphambi kokuba uthathe isigqibo sokufakelwa ii-IOL, thetha nogqirha wakho wamehlo malunga neengxaki ezinokubakho kunye nenqanaba lomngcipheko wakho. Uza kukuxelela into omawuyilindele ngokusekelwe kwimbali yakho yezonyango, impilo yamehlo, kunye nezinye izinto. Kwakhona, buza ngemiphumo emibi eqhelekileyo enxulumene notyando lwe-cataract okanye utyando lokutshintshwa kwelensi ye-intraocular. Kubalulekile ukuba nolwazi olupheleleyo olufunekayo ukuze wenze isigqibo esifanelekileyo kuwe.

Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule

Iilensi ze-intraocular (ii-IOL) ngokwenene zibuchwepheshe obuhle obunokunceda abantu abaninzi babone ihlabathi ngokucacileyo kunangaphambili. Njengoko ubuchwepheshe buqhubeka, ii-IOL zibonelela ngeenzuzo ezininzi, kunye neengxaki ezimbalwa. Xa ukhetha i-IOL yakho, kunokuba luncedo ukwenza uluhlu lwezinto eziza kuqala kuwe (iimpawu ezibaluleke kakhulu kuwe). Kwakhona, bhala phantsi izinto "ezimnandi ukuba nazo, kodwa ezingabalulekanga." Yabelana ngolu lwazi nogqirha wakho wamehlo. Emva koko, kunye, ninokwenza isigqibo esifanelekileyo. Khumbula, la ngamehlo akho, umbono wakho. Ngoko ke lilungelo lakho ukukhetha oko kukulungeleyo.

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IOL , Iilensi Zangaphakathi Kweliso, I-Cataract, Ukulungiswa Kokubona, Utyando Lwamehlo, I-Monofocal, I-Multifocal, I-Toric