Khawuthelekelele ukuba wena okanye umntwana wakho unesifo somkhuhlane okanye umkhuhlane kwaye uyaphola kwiintsuku ezimbalwa. Ngelixa wonke umntu evuya, emva kokuba eso sifo siphelile, isifo esitsha siqala ngequbuliso malunga neveki okanye ezimbini. Ngequbuliso, uphelelwa ngamandla, umbono wakho uyancipha, unobunzima bokuthetha, unentloko ebuhlungu kwaye uqala ukuhlanza. Besiya koyika kangakanani ukuba into efana nale inokwenzeka? Namhlanje, sithetha ngesifo esinzulu esinokukrokrelwa ngexesha elinjalo, nangona singaqhelekanga, kodwa sifuna unyango olukhawulezileyo. Esi sifo sibizwa ngokuba yi -ADEM (Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis) .
Yintoni i-ADEM (i-Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis)?
Ngamafutshane, i-ADEM kukudumba okanye ukudumba okubangelwa yinkqubo yethu yemithambo-luvo , oko kukuthi, ingqondo kunye nomqolo. Kufana nomkhuhlane wobuchopho.
Masiyiqonde le nto ngokulula. Iifayibha zemithambo-luvo emzimbeni wethu zifana neentambo zombane. Kukho isigqubuthelo seplastiki esijikeleze iintambo zombane, akunjalo? Yiloo nto ivumela umbane ukuba uhambe ngokuchanekileyo nangokukhawuleza kwaye ikhusele intambo. Ngokufanayo, kukho isigqubuthelo esikhuselayo, isigqubuthelo esibizwa ngokuba yi- "myelin" esijikeleze iifayibha zemithambo-luvo zethu. Esi sigqubuthelo se-myelin sivumela imiyalezo (iisignali) ukuba ihambe ngokukhawuleza nangokuchanekileyo ngemithambo-luvo ukusuka kwelinye icala lomzimba ukuya kwelinye.
Kwi-ADEM, inkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela komzimba ihlasela ngempazamo le sheath ye-myelin. Emva koko iqala ukonakala kwaye yonakale. Kanye njengokuba iplastiki ekwintambo yombane iphumile. Emva koko imiyalezo yemithambo-luvo ayihambi kakuhle. Yiyo loo nto iimpawu ezinje ngokuba ndindisholo kwamalungu omzimba, ukubona okufipheleyo, kunye nobunzima bokuthetha zisenzeka.
Esi sifo sibizwa ngokuba 'sibukhali' kuba iimpawu zibonakala ngequbuliso, kwiintsuku ezimbalwa. Sihlala sivela kube kanye ebomini. Nangona kunjalo, asikwazi ukuphinda sibuye.
I-ADEM sisifo esingaqhelekanga. Ngokwezifundo ezifunyenweyo, malunga nomntu omnye kuphela kwabayi-150,000 kwilizwe elifana ne-United States ofumana esi sifo. Ngoko ke akukho mfuneko yokoyika kakhulu oku, kodwa kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba uqaphele.
Zithini iimpawu ze-ADEM?
Iimpawu ze-ADEM zinokwahluka kakhulu, kuxhomekeke ekubeni yeyiphi inxalenye yenkqubo yemithambo-luvo echaphazelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, zihlala zibonakala malunga neveki okanye ezimbini emva kokuba usulelo lwentsholongwane okanye lwebhaktheriya (njengomkhuhlane, imasisi, okanye i-chickenpox) luphelile.
Ukuze kube lula ukuqonda, masizahlule ezi mpawu zibe ngamacandelo amabini.
| Uhlobo lwempawu | Iimpawu ezinokwenzeka |
|---|---|
| Iimpawu ngokubanzi |
|
| Iimpawu ezinxulumene nenkqubo ye-nervous |
|
Ubukhali bezi mpawu buyahluka kumntu nomntu. Kwabanye, zisenokuba buthathaka kwaye ziphele zodwa, ngelixa kwabanye, zinokuba buhlungu ngokwaneleyo ukuba zifune ukulaliswa esibhedlele.
Kutheni kusenzeka into enje?
Isizathu esichanekileyo se-ADEM asikaziwa ngokupheleleyo, kodwa oogqirha kunye noososayensi bakholelwa ukuba sibangelwa kukungasebenzi kakuhle kwenkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela komzimba .
Masiqonde oku ngolu hlobo. Inkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela komzimba ifana nomkhosi welizwe lethu. Umsebenzi walo mkhosi kukubona nokuhlasela iintshaba ezifana neentsholongwane kunye neebhaktheriya ezivela ngaphandle, nokusikhusela kwizifo. Kodwa okwenzekayo kwi-ADEM kukuba lo mkhosi wenza impazamo encinci. Emva kokuba begqibile ukulwa notshaba olungene kweli lizwe (umzekelo, intsholongwane yomkhuhlane), baqala ukuhlasela i-myelin sheath kwinkqubo yethu yemithambo-luvo, becinga ukuba lutshaba. Kufana nokuhlasela isiseko somkhosi kwilizwe lakho, becinga ukuba ngumkhosi wotshaba. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi -'autoimmune reaction' . Olu hlaselo lubangela ukudumba kunye nokudumba kwinkqubo yemithambo-luvo.
Phakathi kwama-70% nama-80% ezigulane ze-ADEM zinosulelo ngaphambi kokuba iimpawu zibonakale. Ezona zifo zixhaphakileyo ezandulela i-ADEM zezi:
- Umkhuhlane (umkhuhlane)
- I-Mascus
- Iingqukuva
- I-Rubella
- Iqhwiqhwi
- Intsholongwane ka-Epstein-Barr
Esinye isiphumo sakutshanje kukuba abanye abantwana banokuba ne-ADEM.Kusenokwenzeka ukuba imeko ebizwa ngokuba yiMOGAD (Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody-Associated Disease) isenokuba yimbangela. Le yenye imeko ethile enxulumene nenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela.
Ifunyaniswa njani i-ADEM?
Ugqirha wakho uza kuqala akubuze umbuzo oneenkcukacha malunga neempawu zakho aze enze uvavanyo lwemithambo-luvo. Emva koko uza kwenza iimvavanyo ezininzi ukuqinisekisa ukufunyaniswa kwe-ADEM aze akhuphe ezinye iimeko ezinokubangela iimpawu ezifanayo.
Iimvavanyo eziphambili ezenziweyo zezi:
1. Iskeni se-MRI (Umfanekiso weMagnetic Resonance)
I-MRI luvavanyo olusebenzisa amandla amakhulu emagnethi kunye namaza erediyo ukuthatha imifanekiso eneenkcukacha ezininzi yengqondo yethu kunye nomqolo. Ayisebenzisi ii-X-ray. Kwi-MRI scan yomntu one-ADEM, iindawo zomonakalo kwi-myelin sheath (izilonda) zinokubonakala ngokucacileyo njengeendawo ezimhlophe. Ugqirha uza kujonga indawo kunye nohlobo lwala mabala ukuze abone ukuba yi-ADEM na.
2. Ukubethela komqolo/ukubhoboza imilenze
Eli gama linokubathusa abanye abantu, kodwa luvavanyo olucokisekileyo oluza kwenziwa ngugqirha wakho. Lubandakanya ukukujika ngecala uze ufake inaliti encinci emqolo wakho ukuze uthathe isampuli encinci yolwelo olujikeleze ingqondo yakho kunye nomqolo , olubizwa ngokuba yi-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) . Abantu abane-ADEM banenani elikhulu leeseli zenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela, ingakumbi iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi. Oku kunokuba luncedo kakhulu ekuqinisekiseni isifo.
Ukongeza, kwenziwa novavanyo lwegazi.
Zithini iindlela zonyango ze-ADEM?
Injongo ephambili yokunyanga i-ADEM kukunciphisa ngokukhawuleza ukudumba engqondweni nasemgogodleni kunye nokuthintela inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ekusebenzeni kakubi. Ugqirha wakho angasebenzisa unyango oluhlukeneyo ukufezekisa oku.
| Indlela yonyango | Ingcaciso elula |
|---|---|
| Amayeza eSteroid | Olu lolona nyango luphambili olunikwa kuqala. Iidosi eziphezulu zamayeza e-steroid zinikwa ngemithambo kangangeentsuku ezininzi. Oku kunciphisa inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela kwaye kunciphisa ukudumba ngokukhawuleza. Emva kokuba unyango lwe-intravenous luyekisiwe, ungacelwa ukuba uthathe iipilisi zomlomo okwethutyana. |
| I-IVIG (Intravenous Immune Globulin) | Olu nyango lunikwa abantu abangasabeli kakuhle kwi-steroids. Lubandakanya ukunika umzimba ii-antibodies ezithathwe kwi-plasma yegazi lamawaka abantu abaphilileyo ngomthambo. Oku kukwanceda ekulawuleni inkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela, engasebenzi kakuhle. |
| Utshintshiselwano lwePlasma / iPlasmapheresis | Olu nyango luyinkimbinkimbi kancinci. Lwenzelwa abantu abaneempawu ezinzima kuphela. Apha, igazi lesigulana lidluliselwa ngomatshini, kwaye iplasma yegazi (inxalenye elulwelo) yahlulwe kwaye isuswe. Kuba ii-antibodies ezingalunganga zikwiplasma. Emva koko iiseli zegazi ziphinda zifakwe emzimbeni ngeplasma ecocekileyo. Oku kunokuthintela inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ekuhlaseleni. |
Kuza kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuba umntu alulame? Injani imeko?
Lo ngumbuzo omkhulu engqondweni yomntu wonke. Iindaba ezimnandi malunga ne-ADEM kukuba uninzi lwabantu abafunyaniswe benale sifo bayachacha ngokupheleleyo okanye phantse ngokupheleleyo .
Uninzi lwabantu luqala ukuziva ngcono kwiintsuku ezimbalwa emva kokuqala unyango. Nangona kunjalo, ngokuxhomekeke kubukhali beempawu, kunokuthatha iinyanga ezininzi, ngamanye amaxesha ukuya kwiinyanga ezi-6, ukuba ziphile ngokupheleleyo. Amaxesha amaninzi, abanye abantu banokuqhubeka nokuba neengxaki ezincinci zokubona okanye ukungaziva.
Kunqabile kakhulu, kwaye kuphela xa ukudumba kukhulu kakhulu, apho kusongela ubomi. Ke ngoko, kubalulekile ukufuna iingcebiso zonyango ngokukhawuleza xa kuvela iimpawu.
Ufanele uye nini kugqirha?
Ukuba wena okanye umntu osapho lwakho, ingakumbi umntwana, uba neempawu esizikhankanyileyo emva kokuphola kwisifo esifana nomkhuhlane okanye umkhuhlane, bona ugqirha ngokukhawuleza ngaphandle kokulibazisa.
- Ukulahlekelwa yingqondo ngequbuliso
- Ukungakwazi ukuhamba okanye ukukhubeka
- Ukungaboni kakuhle okanye ukulahleka kombono
- Ubunzima bokuthetha
- Ukuxhuzula ngaphandle kwesizathu
Ukuba unale mpawu, musa ukuhlala ekhaya nje ucinge ukuba yinto eqhelekileyo. Eyona nto ilungileyo onokuyenza kukuya esibhedlele, ingakumbi kwiYunithi yoNyango oluNgxamisekileyo (ETU), ngokukhawuleza. Kuba kwezi ntlobo zezifo, xa unyango luqalwa ngokukhawuleza, kokukhona amathuba okuchacha eba maninzi.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-ADEM kukudumba ngequbuliso kwenkqubo yemithambo-luvo okuhlala kwenzeka emva kosulelo lwentsholongwane okanye lwebhaktheriya.
- Oku kubangelwa kukuba inkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela komzimba ihlasela ngempazamo i-myelin sheath yokukhusela yemithambo-luvo.
- Oku kubonakala kakhulu kubantwana nakubantu abancinci.
- Ukuba ufumana iimpawu ezifana nokulahlekelwa zingqondo ngequbuliso, ukulahlekelwa yimbono, okanye ubunzima bokuhamba, musa ukuzityeshela. Bonana nogqirha ngoko nangoko.
- Esi sifo sinokuchongwa ngokuchanekileyo nge-MRI kunye novavanyo lolwelo lomqolo.
- Ukuba unyango (olufana nee-steroids) luqalwe kwangethuba, uninzi lwabantu abafumana i-ADEM baya kuphila phantse ngokupheleleyo.
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