Ngaba wakha wazibuza ukuba kuthathe ixesha elingakanani ukuba loo pilisi uyithathileyo kusasa ifikelele ezandleni zakho? Okokuqala, benza uphando olunzulu kwiilabhoratri. Emva koko bayivavanya kwizilwanyana. Kodwa ngaphambi kokuba ivunywe ukuba isetyenziswe ebantwini, kufuneka bayivavanye ebantwini. Le yinto esiyibiza ngokuba luvavanyo lweklinikhi. Yinkqubo enzima kakhulu kwaye ibiza kakhulu.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni uvavanyo lweklinikhi?
Ngamafutshane, uvavanyo lweklinikhi lusebenza ngolu hlobo: Abaphandi baqesha izigulane ezinesifo esijongwe liyeza elitsha elisandul’ ukuveliswa. Aba bavolontiya bahlulwahlulwa ngokungacwangciswanga babe ngamaqela amabini.
1. Iqela lokuqala linikwa iyeza elitsha ukuze livavanywe.
2. Iqela lesibini , ``iQela loLawulo'', linikwa i-placebo engenaso isithako esisebenzayo kwaye ifana ngqo neyeza. Oku sikubiza ngokuba yi-``Placebo''.
Ukuba, ekupheleni kolu vavanyo, iimpawu zabo bathathe iyeza elitsha ziphucuke ngaphezu kwabo bathathe i-placebo, oko kuthetha ukuba iyeza elitsha liyasebenza.
Enye yezona ngxaki zinkulu kuvavanyo olunjalo kukufumana izigulana ezaneleyo ezifanelekileyo kuvavanyo. Ngamanye amaxesha noogqirha abazi ukuba zeziphi iimvavanyo ezifanelekileyo kwizigulana zabo. Kwakhona, iimpawu zezigulana ezifuna ukuthatha inxaxheba zisenokungahambelani neemfuno zovavanyo. Nangona kunjalo, ubukrelekrele bokwenziwa (AI) bunokwenza lo msebenzi ube lula kakhulu.
Dibana "noDigital Twin" wakho
Khawuthelekelele ukuba unemodeli yakho yekhompyutha, oko kukuthi, ikopi yakho yedijithali. Yiloo nto ibizwa ngokuba yi-"Digital Twin". Ezi zii-"Computer Models" nje ezilinganisa into okanye inkqubo yokwenyani kwikhompyutha. Kodwa xa zijongwa ngokwenani, ziziphatha ngendlela efanayo. Umzekelo ongcono kukuba xa itanki yeoksijini kwi-Apollo 13 spacecraft yaqhuma, i-NASA yanceda ukuyilungisa nge-"Digital Twin" ye-spacecraft efanayo eyakhiwe eMhlabeni.
Ngoku, izazinzulu zingenza "iDigital Twin" yomntu, xa zinikwe "idatha" eyaneleyo. Oku kusebenzisa iteknoloji yobukrelekrele bokwenziwa ebizwa ngokuba yi "Machine Learning". Kalula nje, oku kuquka ukunika inkqubo yekhompyutha idatha eninzi kwaye uyivumele ifunde kuyo.
IiDijithali zee-Twins zezigulana zenziwa ngokuqeqesha ezi modeli zeMachine Learning kusetyenziswa idatha evela kuvavanyo lweklinikhi lwangaphambili kunye neerekhodi zonyango zomntu ngamnye. Le modeli inokuxela kwangaphambili indlela impilo yesigulana eya kutshintsha ngayo ngexesha lovavanyo ukuba inikwa i-placebo.Oko kukuthi, iqela lolawulo elenziwe ngekhompyutha (iQela loLawulo oluSimulatoriweyo) lenzelwe loo mguli mnye.
Ngoku masibone ukuba oku kusebenza njani. Masithi umntu ogama lingu "Samadhi" ukhethwe ukuba abe kwiqela elifumana iyeza elitsha. "Iwele leDigital", imodeli yekhompyutha kaSamadhi, ikwiqela lolawulo. Le modeli ixela kwangaphambili ukuba kuya kwenzeka ntoni ukuba iSamadhi inikwe "iPlacebo" endaweni yeyeza lokwenyani. Ekugqibeleni, umahluko phakathi kwempendulo yokwenyani kaSamadhi kwiyeza kunye noko imodeli ixele kwangaphambili ukuba kuya kwenzeka ukuba ithathe "iPlacebo" yindlela yokulinganisa ukuba iyeza lisebenza kangakanani kwiSamadhi.
Enye yezona nzuzo zinkulu zale ndlela kukuba phantse wonke umntu othatha inxaxheba kuvavanyo lweklinikhi unethuba lokufumana iyeza elitsha, kuba ``i-placebo'' inikwa iwele lakhe ledijithali.
Makhe sijonge le theyibhile ukuze sibone ngokucacileyo iingenelo zokusebenzisa ``amawele edijithali'' endaweni yamaqela olawulo emveli.
| Uphawu | Indlela yendabuko | Indlela yeDijithali yamawele |
|---|---|---|
| Iqela Lolawulo | Iquka abantu bokwenyani. Bafumana (i-Placebo). | Iqulathe iimodeli zekhompyutha (iiDigital Twins). |
| Inzuzo kwizigulane | Kukho ithuba elingama-50% lokufumana i-placebo. Oko kuthetha ukuba ungalishiya iyeza elitsha. | Abantu abaninzi banethuba lokuzama iyeza lokwenyani. |
| Inani lamavolontiya afunekayo | Kufuneka abantu abaninzi (kumaqela omabini). | Uvavanyo lungenziwa ngabantu abambalwa. |
| Ixesha kunye neendleko | Phezulu kakhulu. | Ingancitshiswa kakhulu. |
Nangona le teknoloji ilungile, ngaba akukho ngxaki?
Nangona obu buchwephesha buthembisa kakhulu kwixesha elizayo, abukasetyenziswa kakhulu. Kusenokubakho izizathu ezilungileyo zoku. Njengoko uGqr. Daniel Neal, ingcali kwi ""(Ukufunda koomatshini"),'' esitsho, ezi modeli zixhomekeke kulwazi oluninzi. Kwakhona, kunzima kakhulu ukufumana ulwazi olusemgangathweni oluvela kubantu ngabanye.
"Abantu badla ngokuzixela ngokwabo ulwazi malunga nezinto ezifana nokutya kwabo kunye nemikhwa yabo yokuzilolonga. Abantu abasoloko bethetha inyani. Bathanda ukugqithisela ubungakanani bomthambo abawenzayo kwaye bangabi nabungakanani bokutya okungenampilo abakutyayo."
Enye ingxaki ziziphumo ebezingalindelekanga nezingaqhelekanga ezinokubangela ichiza. Ezi azigutyungelwanga yimodeli eyenzelwe iqela lolawulo.
Kodwa uloyiko olukhulu lukaGqr. Neal kukuba le modeli yokuqikelela isekelwe "kwishishini njengesiqhelo." Khawuthelekelele isiganeko esikhulu, esingalindelekanga njengobhubhane we-COVID-19 esitshintsha indlela yokuziphatha yomntu wonke kwaye sigulise abantu. "Iimodeli zokulawula azikuthatheli ngqalelo oku," utshilo. Emva koko, ngenxa yezi ziganeko iqela lolawulo elingazange lizithathele ingqalelo, iziphumo zokugqibela zovavanyo zinokwahluka ngokupheleleyo.
Ngaba oku kungasetyenziswa ngokwenene? Liza kuphelela phi ikamva?
U-Eric Topol, ingcali ekusebenziseni iteknoloji yedijithali kwinkonzo yezempilo, ucinga ukuba le ngcinga ilungile, kodwa ixesha alikafiki. "Andicingi ukuba iimvavanyo zeklinikhi ziya kutshintsha kungekudala. Kuba ifuna iileya ezininzi zedatha, ngaphaya kweerekhodi zempilo nje kuphela, ezifana nolandelelwano lwe-genome, i-gut microbiome, idatha yokusingqongileyo."
Ngokutsho kukaCharles Fisher, umseki we-Unlearn.AI, ingcali kule teknoloji, sele kukho izisombululo kwiingxaki zobumfihlo bedatha kunye nokucalucalula. "Ubumfihlo bulula. Sisebenza kuphela ngedatha esele ingaziwa."
Xa ethetha ngokukhetha icala, uthi nangona le ngxaki ingakasonjululwa ngokupheleleyo, ayibalulekanga kwiziphumo zophando. Ngenxa yokuba ezi zifundo zenziwe ngokungacwangciswanga, nokuba kukho ukukhetha icala elithile kwidatha, ayichaphazeli iziphumo. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iingcali azivumelani nale ngcamango. Zithi,Ngenxa yokuba uthelekisa umntu wokwenene nomzekelo wekhompyutha, ukuba kukho impazamo kuloo modeli, inokuchaphazela ngqo iziphumo.
Nangona kunjalo, i-Unlearn.AI sele isebenza neenkampani zamayeza ukuyila iimvavanyo zeklinikhi zezifo zemithambo-luvo ezifana ne-Alzheimer's, i-Parkinson's, kunye ne-multiple sclerosis. Bakhethe ezi zifo njengendawo elungileyo yokuqala kuba banedatha engaphezulu kunezinye. UFisher uthi ukuba le ndlela ingasetyenziswa ngenye imini kuzo zonke izifo, inokunciphisa kakhulu ixesha elithathwayo ukuba amayeza amatsha eze kwimarike.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Iwele ledijithali yimodeli yekhompyutha yesigulana sokwenyani esisetyenziswa kuvavanyo lweklinikhi oluvavanya amayeza amatsha.
- Oku kuvumela ukuba ezi modeli zedijithali zisetyenziswe endaweni yokusebenzisa abantu bokwenyani kwiqela lolawulo.
- Inzuzo enkulu yale ndlela kukuba abathathi-nxaxheba abaninzi kuvavanyo banethuba lokufumana iyeza elivavanywayo.
- Nangona kunjalo, imingeni isekho, njengobunzima bokufumana idatha esemgangathweni ophezulu kunye nokungakwazi ukwenza umzekelo weziganeko ezingalindelekanga.
- Nangona obu buchwephesha buthembisa kakhulu ngekamva lezonyango, busesemncinci. Ukuba uneengxaki okanye amathandabuzo, kubalulekile ukuthetha nogqirha wakho .
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