Mhlawumbi ugqirha uthethe nelungu losapho okanye umhlobo malunga 'nokufakelwa i-stem cell'. Okanye mhlawumbi ucetyisiwe ngolu hlobo lonyango kwimeko yezonyango efana ne-leukemia. Kuqhelekile ukuba uzive usoyika kwaye unexhala xa usiva eli gama. Kodwa olu lunyango olubaluleke kakhulu olunokusindisa ubomi abaninzi. Ke namhlanje, masithethe ngokulula nangokucacileyo malunga nokuba yintoni le 'Allogenic Stem Cell Transplant', yenziwa njani, kwaye zeziphi iingozi.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni ukufakelwa kweeseli ze-allogeneic stem?
Kulula kakhulu ukuyiqonda le nto. Ukufakelwa kweeseli ze-allogeneic stem kwenzeka xa iiseli zakho ze-stem ezinesifo zisuswa kwaye zitshintshwe ngeeseli ze-stem ezivela kumxhasi ophilileyo nohambelanayo. Ezi seli ze-stem luhlobo olukhethekileyo lweeseli ezifumaneka kumongo wethu wethambo onokukhula ube naluphi na uhlobo lweeseli zegazi (iiseli ezibomvu zegazi, iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi, iiplatelets).
Xa ezi seli ziphilileyo zingena emzimbeni wakho, ziyahamba ziye kumongo wakho zize ziqale ukuvelisa iiseli ezintsha zegazi eziphilileyo. Olu lunyango olunamandla olunokunyanga ngokupheleleyo ezinye izifo ezinzulu. Oogqirha badla ngokusebenzisa olu nyango xa ezinye iindlela zonyango zingaphumelelanga okanye xa isifo siphinde sabuya.
Zeziphi iimeko olu nyango lusetyenziselwa zona?
Ukufakelwa kweeseli ze-allogeneic stem kusetyenziswa ikakhulu kwizifo ezinxulumene negazi kunye nenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela.
| Iimeko eziphambili zinyangwa |
|---|
| I-Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (YONKE) |
| I-Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) |
| I-Aplastic Anemia - Ukungasebenzi kakuhle komongo wethambo |
| I-Lymphoma - umhlaza we-lymph nodes |
| Isifo seMyelodysplastic |
| IiNeoplasms zeMyeloproliferative (MPN) |
| Isifo seSickle Cell |
Ulungiselela njani ngaphambi konyango?
Ekubeni olu nyango lubaluleke kakhulu, oogqirha baza kwenza uvavanyo oluninzi ukujonga impilo yakho yomzimba ngaphambi kwenkqubo ukuqinisekisa ukuba uyakwazi ukunyamezela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zonyango.
Uvavanyo oluphambili olwenziweyo
Iqela lakho lezonyango liza kwenza iimvavanyo ezininzi, ezifana nezi:
- Ubalo lwegazi olupheleleyo (CBC): Lujonga amanqanaba eeseli zakho ezibomvu zegazi, iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi, kunye neeplatelet.
- I-Echocardiogram: Jonga indlela intliziyo esebenza kakuhle ngayo.
- I-Electrocardiogram (EKG): Ijonga isingqisho somsebenzi wentliziyo.
- Uvavanyo lokusebenza kwesibindi kunye nezintso.
- I-Bone Marrow Biopsy: Ukuba unomhlaza, kuthathwa isampuli encinci yomongo wakho wethambo ize ivavanywe. Oku kunceda ekuvavanyeni utshintsho kwisifo kunye nomngcipheko wokuba isifo sibuye emva konyango.
Ukulungisa imeko ngaphambi kokufakelwa
Emva kwezi mvavanyo, uza kungeniswa esibhedlele kwaye unikwe unyango olubizwa ngokuba yi-'conditioning'. Oku kubandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwe -chemotherapy enamandla kunye/okanye unyango lwe-radiation lomzimba wonke . Oku kuneenjongo ezintathu:
1. Ukutshabalalisa naziphi na iiseli zomhlaza eziseleyo emzimbeni wakho.
2. Ukwakha indawo kumongo wakho wethambo ukuze iiseli ezintsha ze-stem zikhule.
3. Ukwenza buthathaka amasosha omzimba wakho. Oku kunciphisa amandla omzimba wakho okuhlasela (ukwala) iiseli ezintsha.
Le nkqubo yokulungisa imeko idla ngokuthatha iveki okanye ezimbini.
Kwenzeka ntoni ngexesha lokufakelwa i-stem cell?
Oku akubuhlungu ngokwenene. Iqela lakho lezonyango liza kufaka ityhubhu encinci ebizwa ngokuba yi-central venous catheter (CVC) kumthambo omkhulu osesifubeni sakho esingaphezulu. Iiseli ezintsha ze-stem ziya kunikwa umzimba wakho ngale tyhubhu.
Yinkqubo elula, njengokunikela ngegazi. Iiseli ze-stem ezisempilweni kwibhegi yesaline zifakwa egazini lakho ngetyhubhu ye-CVC. Ukusuka apho, ziya kwi-bone marrow yakho.
Le nkqubo ithatha malunga nemizuzu engama-30 ukuya kwengama-60. Ngeli xesha, iqela lezonyango liza kuhlala ecaleni kwakho lize lijonge iimpawu zakho ezibalulekileyo. Liza kujonga ngenyameko naziphi na iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga. Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga aziqhelekanga kwaye zihlala zincinci. Umzekelo, unokufumana ukungcangcazela okuncinci, ubunzima bokuphefumla, okanye umkhuhlane.
Yintoni eyona ngxaki iphambili yolu nyango?
Eyona ngxaki inzima neyinzima yokufakelwa kwe-allogeneic sisifo se-graft-versus-host (GVHD) .
Ngamafutshane, kulapho iiseli ezintsha zomzimba ezisempilweni ezivela kumxhasi (i-graft) ziqala ukuhlasela iiseli ezisempilweni kunye nezicubu emzimbeni wakho (umninimzi). Kufana nomkhosi omtsha ohlasela abantu kwilizwe lakho. Le meko inokuchaphazela ulusu, isibindi kunye nenkqubo yokugaya ukutya. Kodwa akufuneki ukhathazeke, oogqirha banokukunika amayeza afunekayo okulawula nokunyanga le meko.
Kwenzeka ntoni emva konyango? Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuchacha?
Emva kokufakelwa isidoda, kuya kufuneka uhlale esibhedlele iiveki ezimbalwa. Ngeli xesha, iqela lezonyango liya kukunyamekela kakuhle. Uya kuqhubeka ufumana amayeza okuthintela umzimba wakho ukuba ungawamkeli amaseli asandul’ ukufakelwa isidoda. Ungadinga nokufakelwa igazi de amaseli amatsha akwazi ukuvelisa amaseli amatsha egazi.
Inkqubo apho iiseli ezintsha zingena khona kumongo wethambo zize ziqale ukwenza iiseli ezintsha zegazi ibizwa ngokuba yi -'engraftment' . Oku kungathatha malunga neentsuku ezili-10 ukuya kwezili-14. Nangona kunjalo, kungathatha iinyanga ezininzi ukuya kunyaka okanye ngaphezulu ukuba inkqubo yakho yomzimba ibuyele esiqhelweni ngokupheleleyo. Ngeli xesha, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuzikhusela kwiintsholongwane.
Kungathatha iminyaka emibini nangaphezulu ukuze uphile ngokupheleleyo, ngoko ke olu luhambo olufuna umonde nokulandela imiyalelo kagqirha wakho.
Ziziphi iimpawu ezifuna ukuba ubone ugqirha ngokukhawuleza?
Xa ubuyela ekhaya emva konyango, kufuneka unikele ingqalelo engakumbi emzimbeni wakho. Ukuba ufumana naziphi na ezi mpawu zilandelayo, fowunela iqela lakho lezonyango ngoko nangoko .
| Udidi lweempawu | Iimpawu ekufuneka uzijonge |
|---|---|
| Isenokuba ziimpawu zesifo se-graft-versus-host (GVHD) | |
| Inkqubo yokugaya ukutya | Intlungu yesisu, urhudo, isicaphucaphu, kunye nokuhlanza. |
| Ulusu namehlo | Ukurhawuzelelwa nokuxobuka kwesikhumba, ukutyheli kwesikhumba kunye/okanye amehlo (i-jaundice). |
| Isenokuba ziimpawu zosulelo | |
| Iimpawu ngokubanzi | Umkhuhlane ongama-38 Celsius (100.4 Fahrenheit) okanye ngaphezulu, ukugodola, ukukhohlela, ukuthimla, impumlo egobhozayo. |
| Ezinye iimpawu | Ukuba nesiyezi , ubunzima bokuphefumla, ukuchama rhoqo, okanye ukutsha xa uchama. |
Yintoni umahluko phakathi kokufakelwa kwe-allogeneic kunye nokufakelwa kwe-autologous?
Umahluko omkhulu phakathi kwezi zimbini ngumthombo weeseli ze-stem.
Ukufakelwa kwe-allogeneic: Ii-stem cells zifunyanwa komnye umntu (umxhasi).
Ukufakelwa kwe-Autologous: Ii-stem cells zithathwa kuwe (iiseli zakho zithathwa ngaphambi kokuba unikwe i-chemotherapy enamandla, zize ziphinde zifakwe emzimbeni wakho).
Ukufakelwa kwe-allogeneic kunokunyanga ezinye izifo ezisongela ubomi. Oku kudla ngokwenzeka ngenxa yobubele babantu ongabaziyo. Aba ngabantu abanikela ngee-stem cells. Ngamanye amaxesha abanikeli ngamalungu osapho. Kukho iingozi ezibandakanyekayo ekufumaneni iiseli ezinikelweyo. Zinike ixesha lokuqonda iingenelo neengozi zale nkqubo. Ugqirha wakho unokukunceda ulinganise iingozi neengenelo ukuze uzive uqinisekile kwisigqibo sakho.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Ukufakelwa kweeseli ze-allogeneic stem yindlela yokusebenzisa iiseli eziphilileyo ezivela komnye umntu ukunyanga izifo ezinzulu zegazi ezifana ne-leukemia.
- Ngaphambi konyango, umzimba ulungiswa ngonyango olunamandla olufana ne-chemotherapy.
- Kukho umngcipheko wokuba iiseli zomnikeli zihlasele umzimba wesigulana (isifo sokufakelwa ngokuchasene nomphathi), kodwa oogqirha balumkile kakhulu ngale nto.
- Kuthatha ixesha elide ukuba umntu aphile ngokupheleleyo, kwaye ukulandela iingcebiso zonyango kunye nokuhlolwa rhoqo kubalulekile ngeli xesha.
- Thetha ngokukhululekileyo nogqirha wakho ngayo nayiphi na imibuzo, uloyiko, okanye iinkxalabo onokuba nazo. Leyo yindawo efanelekileyo yokufumana ulwazi oluchanekileyo kunye noncedo.
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