Ngaba uyoyika i-ERCP? Masithethe ngayo ngokulula (ERCP)

Ngaba nawe unentlungu engaqhelekanga esiswini esingaphezulu esele ifikile kangangeentsuku ezininzi? Mhlawumbi amehlo akho ajika abe tyheli, eneempawu ezifana ne-jaundice? Ngexesha elinje, ukuba ugqirha wakho ukuxelela ukuba kufuneka wenze uvavanyo "lwe-ERCP", ungaziva usoyika kancinci xa usiva elo gama. Kodwa eneneni ayoyiki kangako. Namhlanje, siza kuthetha ngolu vavanyo lubizwa ngokuba yi-ERCP ngokucacileyo nangokulula.

Yintoni i-ERCP ngokulula?

Igama elithi ERCP livakala lide kwaye liyinkimbinkimbi, akunjalo? Masilichaze. I-ERCP sisifinyezo se- Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography .

Ngamafutshane, olu luvavanyo olukhethekileyo olujonga ngaphakathi kwimibhobho yethu yenyongo kunye nemibhobho yepancreatic . Cinga ngalo njengokufaka ikhamera ngaphakathi kwezi ndawo zincinci zomzimba wethu ezifana netyhubhu.

• I-Endoscopic: Oku kubhekisa kwi-endoscope, oko kuthetha ukuba ityhubhu encinci, eguquguqukayo enekhamera eqhotyoshelweyo isetyenziselwa le njongo.
• Ukubuyela umva: Oku kuthetha "ukubuyela umva." Kolu vavanyo, ulwelo (idayi echaseneyo) lufakwa kwezi zitya kwicala elichaseneyo nokuhamba okuqhelekileyo.
• I-Cholangiopancreatography: Oku kungahlulwahlulwa kube ngamacandelo amabini. Igama elithi "Cholangio" lithetha imibhobho yenyongo. Igama elithi "Pancreato" lithetha imibhobho yenyongo. Igama elithi "Graphy" lithetha ukuthatha imifanekiso. Oko kukuthi, ukuthatha imifanekiso ye-X-ray yemibhobho yenyongo kunye nemibhobho yenyongo.

Olu vavanyo lusebenzisa idayi ekhethekileyo, eyenza ukuba ingaphakathi lala misele mincinci libonakale kakhulu kwi-X-ray. Oku kuvumela ugqirha ukuba abone ukuba kukho na ukuvaleka kwale misele, njengee -gallstones , ithumba, okanye i-scar tissue. Eyona nto ingcono kukuba ukuba ingxaki ifunyenwe, inokunyangeka ngoko nangoko.

Kutheni kufuneka ndenze uvavanyo lwe-ERCP?

Kukho izizathu ezahlukeneyo zokuba ugqirha wakho angacebisa i-ERCP. Esona sixhaphakileyo kuxa becinga ukuba kukho ingxaki kwi-gallbladder yakho, i-bile ducts, okanye i-pancreas.

Makhe sijonge le theyibhile ingezantsi ukuze sibone ukuba zeziphi izizathu eziqhelekileyo zokwenza i-ERCP.

Ndingazilungiselela njani ngaphambi kovavanyo?

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba ulungiselele kakuhle ngaphambi kolu vavanyo. Ugqirha wakho uza kukunika imiyalelo ecacileyo malunga nento omawuyenze. Ngokubanzi, kufuneka ulandele le miyalelo:

• Ukutya Neziselo: Kufuneka uphephe ukutya, ukusela (ngaphandle kwamanzi), okanye ukuhlafuna itshungama kangangeeyure ezisi-8 ngaphambi kovavanyo. Isisu esingenanto sibalulekile ukuze uvavanyo lube lukhuselekile kwaye lucacile.
• Thetha ngamayeza akho: Ukuba usela amayeza kwezinye iimeko zonyango, ezifana nesifo seswekile okanye uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, ingakumbi amayeza okunciphisa igazi , ngokuqinisekileyo kufuneka uxelele ugqirha wakho kwangaphambili. Basenokukucela ukuba uyeke ukuwasela loo mayeza kangangeentsuku ezimbalwa.
• Iingxaki zokunganyamezelani komzimba:Ukuba ukhe waba ne-allergy ngaphambili kumayeza asetyenziselwa i-anesthesia okanye i-contrast dye, yazisa ugqirha wakho ngaloo nto.
• Umntu oza kukuyisa ekhaya: Ekubeni uza kunikwa i-sedation emva kovavanyo, awuyi kukwazi ukuqhuba okanye ukuya ekhaya wedwa. Ngoko ke, kubalulekile ukuba ube nomntu oza kukuyisa ekhaya.

Kwenzeka ntoni ngexesha lovavanyo?

I-ERCP idla ngokuba luvavanyo oluqhutywa ngosuku olunye, oko kuthetha ukuba ungagoduka ngaphandle kokuya esibhedlele. Ingathatha malunga neyure okanye ezimbini.

1. Ukuthomalalisa: Okokuqala, i-cannula ifakwa emthanjeni osengalweni yakho kwaye unikwa isithomalalisi sokukwenza ulale. Oku kuya kukuthintela ekubeni uzive ungakhululekanga okanye iintlungu ngexesha lovavanyo. Usenokungakhumbuli nto yimbi ngeli xesha.

2. Ukufaka i-endoscope: Okulandelayo, ugqirha uza kufaka i-endoscope kancinci (ityhubhu enekhamera) ngomlomo wakho, yehla nge-esophagus yakho nasesiswini, ize ingene kwinxalenye yokuqala yamathumbu akho amancinci (i-duodenum). Konke oku kwenziwa ngelixa ubukele kwisikrini.

3. Ukufumana imibhobho: Fumana indawo evulekileyo yemibhobho yenyongo kunye nemibhobho yepancreatic emathunjini amancinci.

4. Ukufaka idayi yokungafani: Emva koko, kudluliselwa enye ityhubhu encinci nge-endoscope, kwaye idayi yokungafani ifakwe kwi-duct ngayo.

5. I-X-reyi (i-Fluoroscopy): Njengoko idayi ihamba ngetyhubhu, ibonwa kusetyenziswa ividiyo ye-X-reyi ehambayo (i-fluoroscopy). Le X-reyi ikhuselekile kakhulu kuba ubungakanani bemitha buphantsi kakhulu.

6. Ukuxilongwa kunye nonyango: Le mifanekiso ye-X-ray ivumela ugqirha ukuba abone ngqo ukuba zeziphi iingxaki ezingaphakathi kwiityhubhu.

Amatyala onyango ngexesha lovavanyo

Le yenye yezona nzuzo zinkulu ze-ERCP. Ukuba ingxaki ichongiwe, izixhobo ezincinci zingadluliselwa kwi-endoscope kwaye zinyangwe ngoko nangoko.

• Ukususwa kwamatye: Amatye anamathele kwimibhobho yenyongo angatyumzwa okanye asuswe ngokupheleleyo.
• I-Biopsy: Ukuba kukho ithumba okanye izicubu ezikrokrelekayo, iqhekeza elincinci lalo lingathathwa ukuze livavanywe ngakumbi.
• Ukwanda kwemithambo yegazi: Imithambo yegazi exineneyo ngenxa yokuqhekeka kwemithambo yegazi inokwandiswa.
• Ukubekwa kwe-stent: Ukuba isitya kufuneka sigcinwe sivulekile, ityhubhu encinci ye-mesh (stent) ingafakwa kuso.
• I-Sphincterotomy: Utyando lokucoca ulwelo:Kungenziwa umngxuma omncinci kwisihlunu apho umbhobho uvula khona, nto leyo eyandisa umngxuma kwaye ivumela amatye okanye inyongo ukuba idlule ngokulula.

Yintoni onokuyilindela emva kovavanyo?

Emva kovavanyo, kuya kufuneka uhlale esibhedlele malunga neyure okanye ezimbini de iphele imiphumo ye-anesthetic. Emva koko, ungaya ekhaya nomntu obeze kukuthatha akuse ekhaya.

Usenokuziva ungakhululekanga kangako usuku okanye ezimbini, oku kulandelayo:

• Umphimbo obuhlungu: I-endoscope inokubangela umphimbo obuhlungu kancinci. Oku kunokunciphisa ngokutya izinto ezimanzi nokutya okuthambileyo.
• Ukuzaliswa kwesisu okanye ukuphuma: Ngexesha lovavanyo, umoya ufakwa esiswini nasemathunjini ukuze ubone ngcono ngaphakathi. Oku kunokubangela ukungakhululeki kancinci esiswini. Oku kuya kuphela emva kwexesha elithile.
• Isicaphucaphu: Abanye abantu banokuba nemvakalelo encinci yesicaphucaphu ngenxa yamayeza okubulala iintlungu. Oku kuya kuphela kancinci kancinci.

Zithini iingozi zovavanyo lwe-ERCP?

Njengakweminye inkqubo yezonyango, i-ERCP inomngcipheko omncinci. Nangona kunjalo, iingxaki ezinkulu azixhaphakanga. Iingxaki zenzeka kuphela kwi-5% ukuya kwi-10% yabantu abane-ERCP.

Ezinye iingxaki ezinokubakho zezi:

• I-Pancreatitis: Le yeyona ngxaki ixhaphakileyo. Uvavanyo lunokubangela ukuba i-pancreas idumbe.
• Usulelo: Usulelo lunokwenzeka kwimibhobho yenyongo.
• Ukopha: Ukopha okuncinci kunokwenzeka ukuba kuthathwe isampuli yezicubu okanye kwenziwe ukusika.
• Ukugqobhoka: Kunqabile kakhulu, i-endoscope inokubangela umngxuma eludongeni lomqala, isisu, okanye amathumbu amancinci.

Ziziphi iimpawu ezikhethekileyo ekufuneka uthethe nogqirha ngazo?

Ukuba, emva kokubuyela ekhaya emva kovavanyo, ufumana naziphi na iimpawu ezinzulu ngaphandle kokungakhululeki okuncinci oqhele ukukuva, fowunela ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko okanye uye kwiSebe lezeMpilo eziNgxamisekileyo (ETU) lesibhedlele esikufutshane.

Iimpawu ekufuneka uziqaphele:

• Intlungu ebuhlungu yesisu okanye ukudumba.
• Umkhuhlane okanye ukubanda.
• Ukuhlanza rhoqo.
• Intlungu esifubeni okanye ubunzima bokuphefumla.
• Ukopha okuvela kwi-rectum okanye ukuphuma komnyama, indle engapheliyo.

Ukuba unayo nayiphi na kwezi mpawu, musa ukuzityeshela. Funa ingcebiso kagqirha ngokukhawuleza.