Xa umntu omdala endlwini yethu, oko kukuthi, umama, utata, umakhulu okanye utatomkhulu, eqala ukulibala izinto kancinci kancinci, aze xa ebuza into enye ngokuphindaphindiweyo, uloyiko oluncinci lufika ezintliziyweni zethu, akunjalo? Umbuzo othi "Ngaba oku kukuqala kweSifo se-Alzheimer?" usenza sikhathazeke. Enyanisweni, xa sisiva isifo se-Alzheimer, into efika engqondweni yethu yimeko ebuhlungu apho silahlekelwa yinkumbulo yethu kancinci kancinci, singakwazi ukwenza nemisebenzi esiyaziyo, size ekugqibeleni silibale ukuba singoobani. Yiyo loo nto. Kodwa ubusazi ukuba kukho iintlobo ezininzi eziphambili zesi sifo, kuxhomekeke kwindlela esikhula ngayo, oko kukuthi, ubudala esi sifo siqala ngayo kunye nezizathu? Makhe sithethe ngale nto namhlanje.
Nangona iintlobo zesifo zahlukile, iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ziyafana.
Okokuqala, masiqonde oku. Nokuba loluphi uhlobo lwesifo sika-Alzheimer, iimpawu ezifunyanwa phantse yizo zonke izigulana ekuhambeni kwexesha ziyafana kakhulu.
- Ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo: Ukulibala izinto, ingakumbi ezisandula ukwenzeka.
- Ukudideka: Ukudideka ngezinto ezifana nexesha, indawo, kunye neentsuku.
- Ubunzima bokwenza imisebenzi eqhelekileyo: Ubunzima bokwenza nemisebenzi elula efana nokwenza iti okanye ukunxiba impahla wedwa.
- Ubunzima bokwenza izigqibo: Ukuziva ulahlekile, ungakwazi nokwenza isigqibo esilula.
Isizathu esiyintloko sale nto kukuqokelelwa kohlobo lweproteni olubizwa ngokuba yi -'amyloid beta peptides' kwiiseli zemithambo-luvo yengqondo yethu. Ngamafutshane, oku kufana nohlobo "lwenkunkuma" eqokelelwa engqondweni. Ngokwesiqhelo, ingqondo yethu isusa olu hlobo lwezinto ezingafunekiyo. Kodwa kwisifo sika-Alzheimer, le nkqubo ayisebenzi kakuhle. Emva koko ezi proteni ziyaqokelelana kwaye zenze iiplaque kunye neengxinano engqondweni. Ngenxa yoku, ukuhamba kolwazi phakathi kweeseli zengqondo kuyayeka, kwaye iiseli ziyafa kancinci kancinci. Nokuba loluphi uhlobo lwesifo, le nkqubo ixhaphakile.
Iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili zesifo sika-Alzheimer
Sizahlulahlula zibe ziintlobo ezimbini eziphambili, ngokusekwe kubudala bokuqala. Jonga itheyibhile engezantsi ukuze uqonde umahluko phakathi kwezi ntlobo zimbini.
| Uphawu | Isifo se-Alzheimer's sasekuqaleni | I-Alzheimer's eqala emva kwexesha |
|---|---|---|
| Ubudala bokuqala kwesifo | Ngaphantsi kweminyaka engama-65 ubudala. Ngokwesiqhelo bakwiminyaka yabo engama-40 ukuya kwengama-50 ubudala. | Uneminyaka engama-65 nangaphezulu. |
| Ukuqheleka | Kunqabile kakhulu, kwenzeka ngaphantsi kwe-5% yazo zonke izigulana. | Olu lolona hlobo luxhaphakileyo. |
| Amathuba okudlulisela izizukulwana | Kudla ngokubakho unxibelelwano oluqinileyo phakathi kwemfuza. | Ingavela nokuba umntu othile kusapho unayo okanye akanayo. I-gene ethile ayikafumaneki okwangoku. |
| Utshintsho lobuchopho | Iiplaque kunye ne-tangles ezininzi zinokubonakala engqondweni. Kukho ukuncipha kwengqondo okungakumbi. | Nokuba utshintsho lwengqondo luyenzeka, lusenokuba luncinci kakhulu. |
| Ezinye iimpawu | Ukuxhuzula/ukuxhuzula kwemisipha ngequbuliso (myoclonus) kunokubonwa. | Ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo kuvela njengophawu oluphambili. |
Isifo se-Alzheimer's sasekuqaleni
Oku kunokuvakala kumangalisa kancinci. Kodwa ewe, abanye abantu banokuba nesifo se-Alzheimer beselula nje ngeminyaka engama-40 okanye engama-50 ubudala. Esi sisifo esingaqhelekanga kakhulu. Sibangelwa ikakhulu ziziphene zemfuza . Ngokukodwa, kufunyenwe ukuba esi sifo sibangelwa ziziphene kwiikhromosomu 1, 14, kunye ne-21, eziqulethe ulwazi lwemfuza emizimbeni yethu. Kwakhona, abantu abane-Down syndrome basengozini enkulu yokuhlaselwa lolu hlobo lwesifo se-Alzheimer.
I-Alzheimer's eqala emva kwexesha
Olu lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lwe-Alzheimer esilwaziyo sonke. Iimpawu zihlala ziqala ukubonakala emva kweminyaka engama-65. Ngamanye amaxesha zinokuvela kwiintsapho. Oku kuthetha ukuba ukuba umama unaso, umntwana wakhe usenokuba semngciphekweni. Kodwa i-gene ethile, njengohlobo olukhula ebuntwaneni,Unobangela ochanekileyo wale meko awukafunyanwa. Ngenxa yoko, oogqirha kunye noososayensi basaphanda ukuba kutheni abanye abantu beyibangela le meko ngoxa abanye bengayifumani.
Yintoni iFamilial Alzheimer's Disease (FAD)?
Kukho into ebangela ukuba abantu abaninzi badideke ngayo apha. "Umntu othile kusapho wayenayo" kunye ne "Familial Autism Spectrum Disorder (FAD)" zizinto ezimbini ezahlukeneyo.
Isifo se-Alzheimer's seentsapho (FAD) sisifo oogqirha abaqinisekileyo ngokupheleleyo ukuba sibangelwa zizinto zemfuza. Ukuze kufunyaniswe ukuba sinaso, ubuncinane izizukulwana ezibini zosapho (umzekelo, umakhulu nomama) kufuneka ukuba babenaso esi sifo. Sinqabile kakhulu, sibalwa ngaphantsi kwe-1% yazo zonke izigulana ze-Alzheimer's. Uninzi lwabantu abafumana isifo se-Alzheimer besebancinci banolu hlobo lwe-FAD.
Ukuba wena okanye umntu okwintsapho yakho uneengxaki zokukhumbula, musa ukucinga nje ukuba, "Le yinto yakudala" okanye "yimbali yosapho." Isenokuba yimeko enokunyangeka. Ngoko ke eyona nto ilungileyo onokuyenza kukubona ugqirha wakho ngokukhawuleza kwaye ufumane ukuxilongwa ngokufanelekileyo.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Isifo sika-Alzheimer sinokuvela ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Olu hlobo lolwahlulo lusekelwe kakhulu kwiminyaka esiqala ngayo esi sifo (ekuqaleni kwangethuba nasekupheleni kwexesha).
- Uhlobo lokuqalisa kwangethuba, oluvela kubantu abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-65 ubudala, aluqhelekanga kakhulu. Lunekhonkco elinamandla kwimfuza.
- Ayikafunyanwa imbangela ethile yemfuza yohlobo lokuqalisa oluqala emva kwexesha esilubona rhoqo, oluvela emva kweminyaka engama-65.
- Musa ukucinga ukuba ngenxa yokuba umntu okwintsapho yakho ene-Alzheimer's, nawe uza kuyifumana. Kodwa kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele umngcipheko.
- Kwimeko yengxaki enxulumene nokukhumbula, ukufuna ingcebiso kagqirha ngokukhawuleza kunokungayinaki kuyanceda kakhulu kwisigulana nakwintsapho.
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