Ngaba nawe uyathimla rhoqo? Ngaba unempumlo egobhozayo xa uvuka kusasa? Okanye ngaba amehlo akho aba bomvu aze arhawuzelele? Ngamanye amaxesha ngequbuliso uqala ukurhawuzelela nokukrwela umzimba wakho. Ezi ziimpawu esizibiza ngokuba "zii-allergies." Ngamaxesha anje, sihlala siya kwikhemesti size sicele "ipilisi ye-allergy." Lolo luhlobo lwamayeza esiwasebenzisayo abizwa ngokuba zii-antihistamines. Ngoko ke namhlanje, masithethe ngala mayeza, indlela asebenza ngayo, iintlobo zawo, iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga, kunye nezinto ekufuneka uzilumkele xa uwasebenzisa.
Ngamafutshane, zithini ezi antihistamines?
Ii-antihistamines luhlobo lwamayeza, njenge-paracetamol kunye ne-aspirin. Zisetyenziswa kakhulu ukulawula iimpawu ezinxulumene ne -allergies . Zidla ngokunikwa ezi zinto sithethe ngazo apha ngasentla, ezifana nempumlo egobhozayo, ukuthimla, amehlo arhawuzelelayo kunye nolusu.
Kodwa olu hlobo lonyango alusetyenziselwa kuphela i-allergies, kodwa lukwasetyenziselwa nezinye iingxaki zempilo. Umzekelo, kukho amayeza kolu didi lweengxaki ezithile zokugaya ukutya, ezifana ne-gastritis.
Ungathenga ii-antihistamines ezininzi kwikhemesti ngaphandle kwemvume kagqirha. Sizibiza ngokuba ngamayeza (athengiswa ngaphandle kwekhawuntara - i-OTC). Kwakhona, kukho ii-antihistamines ezinamandla kakhulu ezinikwa ngugqirha. Asinakuzithenga nje kwikhemesti.
Ukongeza, amanye amayeza kunye neepilisi esizisebenzisayo zomkhuhlane oqhelekileyo kunye nokukhwehlela zikwanazo nee-antihistamines.
Eli yeza lisebenza njani emzimbeni?
Ukuze sikuqonde oku, kufuneka siqale sazi ukuba yintoni i-histamine .
Cinga nge-histamine njengomthunywa omncinci emzimbeni wethu. Inkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela komzimba ivelisa lo mthunywa. Omnye wemisebenzi yayo ephambili kukuhambisa umyalezo kwezinye iiseli malunga nento enobungozi okanye esongela umzimba.
Ngoku, makhe sijonge indlela ofumana ngayo i-allergy. Xa into ethile onayo (esiyibiza ngokuba zi-allergens) ingena emzimbeni wakho, inkqubo yakho yomzimba icinga ukuba, "Wow, kukho utshaba olukhulu apha!" Emva koko inkqubo iqalisa ukusebenza kakhulu ize ikhuphe uninzi lwezi zithunywa ezibizwa ngokuba zii-histamines ngaxeshanye.
Le histamine iyahamba ize ithumele imiyalezo kwiiseli kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba.
- "Iiseli ezisempumlweni zixelelwa ukuba, 'Qala ukwenza ulwelo ngokukhawuleza!'" Kulapho ke ulwelo luphuma khona empumlweni.
- "Ixelela iiseli eluswini ukuba, 'Qala ukukrwela!'" Kulapho ke umzimba uqala ukukrwela khona.
- "Bathi emehlweni, 'Kubomvu, yenza iinyembezi!'" Kulapho ke amehlo aba bomvu aze arhawuzelele.
I-anti-histamineEli gama ngokwalo lithetha "ukuchasana ne-histamine." Okwenziwa leli yeza kukuthintela umyalezo othwalwa yiloo mthunywa obizwa ngokuba yi-histamine ukuba ungafikeleli kwiiseli. Kufana nokunqamla umnxeba xa ungena. Emva koko ezo mpawu ze-allergy ziyancipha kancinci kancinci.
Ngamafutshane, i-histamine "yimbangela" ye-allergy. Ii-antihistamines ngamayeza alawula "iimpawu" ezibangelwa yiloo nto.
Ziziphi iintlobo eziphambili ze-antihistamines?
Oogqirha bahlula ii-antihistamines zibe ziintlobo ezimbini eziphambili, ngokusekwe kwii-receptors ze-histamine abazivalayo. Cinga nje ngokuba kukho iintlobo ezimbini zee-antenna emizimbeni yethu ezinokuthatha le miyalezo ye-histamine.
1. Ii-antihistamines ezisebenza kwii-H1 receptors
2. Ii-antihistamines ezisebenza kwii-H2 receptors
Ngoku makhe sijonge nganye kwezi ntlobo ngokwahlukeneyo.
Ii-antihistamine ze-H1 zokuthintela i-allergies
Ezi H1 receptors zisasazeka kuyo yonke imizimba yethu, ingakumbi kwiiseli zemithambo-luvo, kwiindlela zokuphefumla, nakwimithambo yegazi. Kwi-allergy, i-histamine ibopha kwezi H1 receptors. Kulapho ke zonke iimpawu ze-allergy esizaziyo zivela khona. Ngoko ke, into eyenziwa zii-H1 antihistamines kukuthintela ezi H1 receptors.
Eyona ndlela iphambili yokusebenzisa ezi antihistamines ze-H1 zezi:
- I-Allergic rhinitis - Siyibiza ngokuba ngumkhuhlane oqhelekileyo oza ngexesha lasebusika.
- Isifo samehlo esibangelwa kukwalana (i-Allergic conjunctivitis)
- Ukunganyamezelani nolusu, i-eczema kunye nerhashalala (i-Atopic dermatitis)
- Usulelo lweSinus (iSinusitis)
- IiHives
- Isifo sokuhamba - Olu hlobo lonyango lunikwa nakwisicaphucaphu xa uhamba ngeebhasi okanye ngeeveni.
- Ukungalali - Ngamanye amaxesha oogqirha bacebisa olu hlobo lwamayeza ukukunceda ulale.
Ezi antihistamines ze-H1 zahlulwe zibe ngamaqela amabini. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu, kuba kulungile ukwazi ukuba loluphi uhlobo lwamayeza olusebenzisayo.
1. Ii-antihistamine zesizukulwana sokuqala se-H1
Ezi zezona mithi zokuqala zokulwa nomhlaza ezifunyenweyo. Uphawu lwazo oluphambili kukuba zibangela ukozela. Oku kungenxa yokuba la mayeza anokuwela lula umqobo wegazi-ubuchopho okhusela ubuchopho bethu aze angene engqondweni. Yiyo loo nto siziva sidiniwe kwaye silele xa siwasela.
- Imizekelo: I-Chlorpheniramine - (iyeza elaziwa ngabaninzi eSri Lanka njenge-'Piriton' liphantsi kolu didi), iDiphenhydramine, iHydroxyzine.
2. Ii-antihistamine zesizukulwana sesibini se-H1
Ezi zii-antihistamines ezisandula ukungeniswa neziphuculweyo. Eyona nzuzo inkulu yezi kukuba ukozela kuncitshiswa kakhulu okanye kupheliswe ngokupheleleyo.Ezi azinakudlula lula umqobo wegazi-ubuchopho, ngoko ke ngokubanzi zithathwa njengezikhuselekileyo.
- Imizekelo: iCetirizine, iLoratadine, iFexofenadine, iDesloratadine.
Ii-antihistamine ze-H2 zokuthintela ukudumba kwesisu
Ii-H2 receptors zifumaneka kakhulu kwiiseli ezikhupha i-asidi esiswini sethu. Xa i-asidi yesisu isanda, iimeko ezifana ne-gastritis, isitshiso sentliziyo, kunye ne-acid reflux ziyenzeka.
Ii-antihistamines ze-H2 ziyayithintela le H2 receptors kwaye zinciphisa ukuveliswa kwe-asidi esiswini.
Eyona ndlela iphambili yokusebenzisa ezi zinto zezi:
- Isifo sesilonda sePeptic
- I-Gastritis kunye ne-GERD (i-reflux ye-acid engapheliyo)
- Isifo sikaZollinger-Ellison
- Imizekelo: iFamotidine, iCimetidine.
Qiniseka ukuba uyazikhumbula ezi zinto xa usebenzisa i-antihistamine!
Nangona ii-antihistamines ezininzi zifumaneka ngaphandle kwekhawuntara, kufuneka silumke kakhulu xa sizisebenzisa. Ukuba zisetyenziswa gwenxa, zinokubangela iingxaki ezinkulu.
| Kwenziwe ntoni | Yintoni ekungamele uyenze (ibaluleke kakhulu) |
|---|---|
| Landela imiyalelo kagqirha wakho ngokuchanekileyo. Nokuba uthenga iyeza kwikhemesti, funda imiyalelo ngononophelo. | Ungaze uphindaphinde kabini idosi emiselweyo. Musa ukucinga ukuba, "Ukuba ndisela kancinci, ndiza kuziva bhetele kungekudala." |
| Yazi kakuhle ukuba uza kuthatha amayeza akho nini kwaye kangaphi. Amanye amayeza athathwa kanye ngemini, ngelixa amanye efuna iidosi ezininzi. | Musa ukuthatha iintlobo ezimbini zee-antihistamines ngaxeshanye ngaphandle kwengcebiso kagqirha. |
| Ukuba liyeza lesizukulwana sokuqala elibangela ukozela, kungcono ukulithatha ngaphambi kokuba ulale ebusuku . | Musa ukunika abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-4 ubudala ukukhwehlela ngaphandle kwemvume kagqirha kunye namayeza omkhuhlane aqulethe ii-antihistamines ngaphandle kwengcebiso kagqirha. |
| Yazisa ugqirha wakho malunga neminye imithi oyithathayo. | Musa ukuqhuba okanye ukusebenzisa oomatshini ngelixa usela amayeza okulwa neentsholongwane zesizukulwana sokuqala abangela ukozela. Oku kunokukhokelela kwiingozi ezinkulu kakhulu. |
Abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65 kunye nabantwana abancinci bathambekele kakhulu kwimiphumo ye-antihistamines. Ngoko ke, qiniseka ukuba uqhagamshelana nogqirha ngaphambi kokuba ubanike eli yeza.
Zithini iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zee-antihistamines?
Njengazo zonke amayeza, ii-antihistamines zinokuba neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga. Nangona kunjalo, ayinguye wonke umntu ozifumanayo. Ezi ziphumo bezingalindelekanga ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lweyeza.
| Uhlobo lwe-antihistamine | Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga eziqhelekileyo ezinokubakho |
|---|---|
| i-antihistamine ye-H1 (ye-allergies) | |
| Isizukulwana sokuqala (Iintlobo ezibangela ukozela) |
|
| Isizukulwana sesibini (iintlobo ezingalali kakhulu) |
|
| Ii-antihistamine ze-H2 (zokuthintela isisu esibuhlungu) | |
| i-antihistamine ye-H2 (umz. iFamotidine) |
|
Iimeko kunye neengozi ezifuna ingqwalaselo ekhethekileyo
Ukuba unenye yezi meko zilandelayo, qiniseka ukuba uthetha nogqirha wakho ngaphambi kokuba uthathe i-antihistamine.
- Isifo seswekile
- I-prostate ekhulisiweyo okanye ubunzima bokuchama
- Isifo sokuwa
- Isifo sentliziyo
- Igazi elonyukayo
- I-Glaucoma (uxinzelelo oluphezulu emehlweni)
- I-Hyperthyroidism
Ukugqithisa
Ukusela kakhulu amayeza okulwa ne-antihistamine, ingakumbi lawo esizukulwana sokuqala abangela ukozela, kunokuba yingozi kakhulu. Oku kungenzeka ngempazamo okanye xa kuthathwe kunye namanye amayeza, anjengeepilisi zokulala.
Iimpawu zokusebenzisa i-overdose:
- Ukulala kakhulu
- Ukungaboni
- Ukungazoli kakhulu kunye nokucaphuka ebantwaneni
- Umbono ofipheleyo
- Ukubetha kwentliziyo ngokukhawuleza (iTachycardia)
- Ukuxhuzula
Ukuba wena okanye umntwana wakho ufumana naziphi na kwezi mpawu, mthathe ngoko nangoko aye kwiSebe lezeMpilo eziNgxamisekileyo (ETU) lesibhedlele esikufutshane. Okanye, fowunela iZiko leSizwe loLwazi ngeTyhefu kwiSibhedlele sikaZwelonke saseColombo .
Ingaba ezi zifanelekile koomama abakhulelweyo nabancancisayo?
Ukuba ukhulelwe, uzama ukukhulelwa, okanye uncancisa, kubalulekile ukubonisana nogqirha wakho ngaphambi kokuba uthathe naluphi na unyango. Nangona uphando lufumanise ukuba amanye amayeza okulwa neentsholongwane akhuselekile ngexesha lokukhulelwa, ugqirha wakho uya kugqiba ukuba yintoni ekulungeleyo wena nomntwana wakho.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Ii-antihistamines luhlobo olukhulu lwamayeza asetyenziselwa ukulawula iimpawu ze-allergy, kwaye zikwasetyenziselwa ukunyanga ezinye izifo, ezifana ne-gastritis.
- Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili: i-H1 (ye-allergies) kunye ne-H2 (ye-supper disorder).
- Uhlobo lwe-H1 lukwazahlulo ezimbini: elokuqala libangela ukozela , ngelixa elesibini linokungozeli kangako.
- Ungaze uqhube imoto emva kokuthatha amayeza okulwa neentsholongwane abangela ukozela.
- Landela rhoqo idosi kunye nemiyalelo enikiweyo ngugqirha wakho okanye kwiphakheji. Musa ukuyithatha kakhulu.
- Ukuba unezinye iingxaki zempilo, ukhulelwe, okanye ungumama oncancisayo, qiniseka ukuba ubonana nogqirha ngaphambi kokuba uthathe amayeza okulwa neentsholongwane.
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