Umthambo wegazi oyintloko, omkhulu othwala igazi emzimbeni wethu yi-aorta, okanye i-aorta. Cinga ngayo njengombhobho wamanzi ophambili ozisa amanzi endlwini yethu. Kwenzeka ntoni ukuba olunye lodonga lwalo mbhobho lubuthathaka kwindawo enye luze luqale ukudumba phantsi koxinzelelo lwamanzi? Yiyo loo nto i-Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm. Kwenzeka ntoni kule meko kukuba udonga lwecandelo le-aorta oludlula esifubeni sethu lubuthathaka kwaye ludumba njengebhaluni phantsi koxinzelelo lwegazi. Namhlanje, siza kuthetha ngale meko, edla ngokuvela ngaphandle kweempawu, ngaphakathi emzimbeni.
Yintoni kanye kanye i-Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm?
Ngamafutshane, oku kukudumba okanye ukudumba (i-aneurysm) kwi-aorta, umthambo omkhulu odlula esifubeni sethu (esifubeni). Le aorta ifana nombhobho. Kodwa xa kuvela i-aneurysm, imo yaloo mbhobho iyatshintsha, kwaye indawo enye idumba njengebhaluni. Ngokwesiqhelo, oogqirha babiza le meko ngokuthi yi-aneurysm xa loo nxalenye yomthambo iba nkulu ubuncinane ngama-50% kunobubanzi bayo obuqhelekileyo.
Olu hlobo lwe-aneurysm lunokwakheka naphi na kwi-aorta yethu. Kodwa ludla ngokuvela esiswini. Silubiza ngokuba yi-Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm. Kodwa malunga ne-aneurysm enye kwezine ezenzekayo zenzeka esifubeni. Silubiza ngokuba yi-Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm.
Ukuba une-aneurysm encinci efana nale, isenokungadingi nyango lungako. Ngelixa usebenzisa amayeza okulawula izinto ezifana noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, ugqirha wakho uza kukuskena rhoqo ukuze abone ukuba iyakhula na. Kodwa ukuba i-aneurysm inkulu, okanye ikhula ngokukhawuleza, utyando lunokufuneka ngaphambi kokuba kubekho iingxaki ezinzulu nezisongela ubomi.
Ixhaphake kangakanani le meko?
Ngokwezibalo, le meko ichaphazela abantu abaphakathi kwe-6 ne-10 kwi-100,000 nganye. Nangona kunjalo, inani lokwenyani lisenokuba phezulu. Oku kungenxa yokuba abantu abaninzi ababonisi zimpawu kwaye baphila bengazi nokuba banale meko. Malunga ne-20% yezigulana ezifunyaniswe ukuba zinamalungu osapho anayo, oko kuthetha ukuba isenokuba yimfuza.
Zithini iimpawu zoku?
Eyona ngozi inkulu yale meko kukuba uninzi lwexesha akukho zimpawu. Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha, xa i-aneurysm ikhula ibe nkulu ize icinezele amalungu angqongileyo, ezinye iimpawu zinokuvela.
| Uphawu | Isizathu |
|---|---|
| Intlungu emhlathini, entanyeni, esifubeni, okanye emqolo ongasentla. | Ngenxa yoxinzelelo oluvela kwi-aneurysm. |
| Ubunzima bokuginya okanye intlungu xa uginya. | I-aneurysm ibangelwa kukudumba komqala. |
| Ukurhawuzelela kwelizwi. | Ngenxa yokucinezelwa kwemithambo-luvo elawula ilizwi. |
| Ukukhohlela okanye ubunzima bokuphefumla. | I-aneurysm ibangelwa kukucinezelwa kwe-trachea. |
Iimpawu zengxamiseko ezenzekayo xa i-aneurysm igqabhuka (iqhuma) okanye iqhekeke (iqhuma)
Eli lelona nqanaba liyingozi kakhulu lesi sifo. Udonga lwe-aneurysm lunokuba buthathaka luze luqhume ngequbuliso (luqhekeke) okanye lukrazule iileya ezimbini zodonga (ukuqhekeka). Le yimeko engxamisekileyo kakhulu, esongela ubomi. Ezi mpawu zihlala zibonakala ngequbuliso kwaye zinzima kakhulu.
Ukuba wena okanye omnye umntu ufumana naziphi na kwezi mpawu, musa ukulibazisa nomzuzu omnye. Yiya kwiYunithi yoNyango oluNgxamisekileyo (ETU) yesibhedlele ngoko nangoko. Umzuzwana ngamnye ubalulekile ukusindisa ubomi.
| Iimpawu ezifuna unyango olungxamisekileyo | |
|---|---|
| Intlungu ebuhlungu | Intlungu ebuhlungu ngequbuliso, enganyamezelekiyo, ehlabayo, nehlabayo esifubeni okanye emqolo. |
| Isiyezi | Ukuba nesiyezi, ukubona izinto ezingacacanga, okanye ukuquleka. |
| Ubunzima bokuphefumla | Ukuziva uphelelwa ngumphefumlo ngequbuliso. |
| Ukubetha kwentliziyo | Ukuziva ngathi intliziyo yakho ibetha ngokukhawuleza. |
| Ukubila okugqithisileyo | Ukubila kakhulu ngaphandle kwesizathu. |
| Ezinye iimpawu | Ukudideka, ubunzima bokuthetha, ukuphelelwa lithemba, ukuba ndindisholo okanye ubuthathaka kwelinye icala lomzimba. |
Kutheni kusenzeka into enje?
Iindonga zemithambo yethu zihlala ziqinile kwaye ziguquguquka. Zifanele zikwazi ukufinyela nokuzolula phantsi koxinzelelo lwegazi olungena rhoqo xa ukubetha kwentliziyo kubetha. Kodwa ukuba ezi ndonga ziba buthathaka, azikwazi ukumelana noxinzelelo kwaye ziqale ukudumba.
Eyona nto ibangela oku yimeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-Atherosclerosis . Ngamafutshane, izinto ezinamafutha ezifana ne-cholesterol zifakwa ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi (siyibiza ngokuba yi-plaque), ziqina kancinci kancinci kwaye zenze buthathaka iindonga zemithambo yegazi. Kanye njengokuba umhlwa uqokelelana ngaphakathi kombhobho wamanzi omdala. Oku kuyenza buthathaka iindonga zemithambo yegazi kwaye kwandisa amathuba okuba ne-aneurysm.
Ziziphi izinto ezibangela umngcipheko?
Ukongeza kwi-atherosclerosis, nantoni na ebuthathaka iindonga ze-aorta inyusa umngcipheko wokuba ne-aneurysm.
| Into enobungozi | Inkcazo |
|---|---|
| Igazi elonyukayo | Ihlala ibeka uxinzelelo olungakumbi eludongeni lwemithambo yegazi. |
| Ukutshaya nokusebenzisa icuba | Yonakalisa ngokuthe ngqo iindonga zemithambo yegazi kwaye ikhawulezise ukwakheka kwe-atherosclerosis. |
| Imbali yosapho | Ukuba umntu okwintsapho yakho ukhe waba ne-aneurysm, nawe usemngciphekweni omkhulu. |
| Ukwaluphala | Ngokuqhelekileyo, abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65 ubudala basengozini enkulu. |
| Ezinye iimeko zemfuza | Iimeko ezifana neMarfan syndrome, iLoeys-Dietz syndrome, iVascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, kunye neTurner syndrome ziyandisa umngcipheko kuba ziyenza buthathaka izicubu zomzimba ezinxibeleleneyo. |
| Ezinye iimeko zonyango | Iimeko ezifana ne-aortitis (ukudumba kwe-aorta), isifo se-bicuspid aortic valve (isifo se-valve yentliziyo), kunye nesifo se-coronary artery (CAD). |
Oogqirha bayifumana njani le nto?
Ixesha elininzi, oku kufunyanwa ngengozi. Siyibiza ngokuba "kukuxilongwa okungacwangciswanga." Oko kukuthi, xa kwenziwa i-X-ray yesifuba ngesizathu esithile, ugqirha unokubona ukuba inxalenye ephakathi yesifuba (i-mediastinum) ibanzi kunesiqhelo. Kulapho kurhanelwa ukuba kukho i-aneurysm.
Ukuba kuvela ukurhanelwa okunjalo, ugqirha uya kuyalela iimvavanyo ezifana nezi ukuqinisekisa oko:
- I-computed tomography (CT) angiogram: Oku kunokuvelisa imifanekiso ecacileyo kakhulu ye-aorta enamacala amathathu.
- I-Echocardiogram (i-echo): I-ultrasound scan ukujonga ukusebenza kwentliziyo kunye nenxalenye yokuqala ye-aorta.
- I-Magnetic resonance angiogram (MRA): Uvavanyo olufana nolwe-CT scan, kodwa ngaphandle kokusetyenziswa kwemitha.
- I-ultrasound yesisu: Abantu abane-aneurysm yesifuba banokuba ne-aneurysm yesisu, ngoko ke jonga loo nto.
Zeziphi iindlela zonyango ezikhoyo?
Unyango oluchanekileyo lwe-aneurysm ye-aortic yesifuba lutyando. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba luluphi uhlobo lotyando oluza kwenziwa luxhomekeke kubukhulu be-aneurysm, indawo ekuyo, ukuba ikhula ngokukhawuleza kangakanani, kunye nempilo yakho iyonke.
Kunini apho kufuneka khona utyando?
Ukuba i-aneurysm incinci, ugqirha unokugqiba ekubeni alinde ngaphandle kotyando. Oku sikubiza ngokuba "kukulinda ngononophelo." Oku kuthetha ukuba baza kuskena i-aneurysm rhoqo emva kweenyanga ezi-6 ukuya kwezili-12 ukuze babone ukuba iyakhula na, baze bakunike amayeza okulawula uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi.
Kodwa,
- Ukuba i-aneurysm imalunga neesentimitha ezi-5.5 okanye ngaphezulu,
- Ukuba i-aneurysm ikhula ngokukhawuleza kune-0.5 cm ngonyaka ,
- Ukuba i-aneurysm ibangela iimpawu ,
Utyando ludla ngokucetyiswa kuba xa i-aneurysm inkulu, kokukhona umngcipheko wokuba iqhume uphezulu.
Iintlobo eziphambili zotyando
Kukho iintlobo ezininzi eziphambili zotyando ezisetyenziswayo ngoku.
1. Utyando oluvulekileyo lwendabuko: Kwenziwa utyando oluphakathi kwesifuba, kususwe inxalenye ebuthathaka ye-aorta ene-aneurysm, kufakwe i-graft endaweni yayo.
2. Ukulungiswa kwe-aortic ye-Thoracic endovascular (TEVAR): Le yinkqubo engaphantsi kakhulu. Kwenziwa i-incision encinci e-groin, kwaye kufakwa i-stent graft nge-incision kusetyenziswa i-catheter kwi-aneurysm kwaye ivalwe ngaphakathi.
3. Ukutshintshwa kweengcambu ze-Aortic: Olu tyando lwenziwa ukuba i-aneurysm ikwiingcambu ze-aorta, edibana nentliziyo. Kusenokufuneka kutshintshwe ivalvu yentliziyo.
Ugqirha wakho uya kugqiba ukuba loluphi unyango olulungele wena.
Ngaba oku akunakuthintelwa ukuba kwenzeke?
Akukho ndlela yokuthintela ngokupheleleyo uphuhliso lwe-aneurysm. Nangona kunjalo, ukulawula unobangela oyintloko, i-atherosclerosis, kunokunciphisa kakhulu umngcipheko.
- Lawula uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi kunye namanqanaba e-cholesterol ngokuthatha amayeza achazwe ngugqirha wakho.
- Yamkela indlela yokutya enempilo yentliziyo, njengeMediterranean Diet.
- Yeka ukutshaya kunye nazo zonke iimveliso zecuba ngokupheleleyo.
- Zilolonge. Yenza umthambo ophakathi, njengokuhamba, ubuncinane imizuzu eli-150 ngeveki. Kodwa thetha nogqirha wakho ngaphambi kokuba uqalise inkqubo entsha yokuzilolonga.
- Yiba novavanyo lwezonyango lonyaka.
Ukuba unale meko, uzinyamekela njani?
Ukuba ugqirha wakho ukuxelela ukuba une-thoracic aortic aneurysm, musa ukoyika. Uza kukunika iingcebiso zendlela yokuzinyamekela ngelixa uphila nayo.
- Ziphephe izinto ezifana nokuphakamisa iintsimbi kunye noqeqesho oluphezulu lwexeshana (HIIT). Ezi zinto zinokubangela uxinzelelo olungeyomfuneko kwi-aorta. Buza ugqirha wakho ukuba zeziphi imithambo efanelekileyo kuwe.
- Kuphephe ukusebenzisa icuba ngokupheleleyo.
- Nciphisa ityuwa ekutyeni.
- Sela amayeza achazwe ngugqirha kanye ngexesha elifanelekileyo.
- Ziphephe iziyobisi ezonyusa isantya sentliziyo (i-cocaine, i-amphetamines) kunye nezinye izityalo.
- Hlala unxibelelana rhoqo nogqirha wakho. Ukuba ufumana naziphi na iimpawu ezintsha okanye ufumana naziphi na iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezivela kumayeza akho, mxelele ngoko nangoko.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm sisiqhuma esifana nebhaluni kumthambo wegazi oyintloko esifubeni.
- Ixesha elininzi, ayinazo iimpawu, ngoko ke ukuba unezinto ezikubangela umngcipheko (uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, ukutshaya, imbali yosapho), yazi loo nto.
- Intlungu yesifuba okanye yomqolo ngequbuliso, enzima, ubunzima bokuphefumla, okanye ukuquleka yimeko engxamisekileyo. Yiya kwiSebe lezeMpilo eziNgxamisekileyo (ETU) lesibhedlele ngoko nangoko.
- Ukuba i-aneurysm incinci, inokulawulwa ngamayeza kunye nokuhlolwa rhoqo. Ukuba inkulu, inokunyangeka ngotyando.
- Ngonyango olufanelekileyo lwezonyango kunye notshintsho kwindlela ophila ngayo, ungaphila ubomi obude nobunempilo nangona unesifo esinjalo. Hlala ulandela icebiso likagqirha wakho.
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