Ngaba nawe uziva udiniwe ngalo lonke ixesha kule mihla, ungakwazi ukwenza nto? Ngaba uziva ubuthathaka nasemva kokwenza imisebenzi emincinci? Mhlawumbi ujika ube luhlaza uze ubone amanxeba emzimbeni wakho? Okanye ngaba unesifo esifana nomkhuhlane okanye umkhuhlane ohlala ubuya? Nangona sicinga ukuba ezi zizinto eziqhelekileyo, ngamanye amaxesha ezi zinokuba luphawu lwemeko embi emzimbeni wethu. Namhlanje sithetha ngezifo ezingaqhelekanga, kodwa sonke kufuneka siziqaphele.
Yintoni kanye kanye i-aplastic anemia?
Ngamafutshane, i-aplastic anemia sisifo segazi esibi kakhulu, kodwa esingaqhelekanga, esenzeka xa umongo wethu wethambo ungakwazi ukuvelisa iiseli zegazi ezintsha ezaneleyo.
Cinga ngomongo wethu njengefektri yegazi. Le fektri yenza izinto ezintathu ezifunekayo emzimbeni wethu:
1. Iiseli ezibomvu zegazi: Iiseli ezithwala ioksijini emzimbeni wonke.
2. Iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi: Iiseli ezilwa neentsholongwane nezisikhusela kwizifo.
3. Iiplatelets: Iiseli eziyeka ukopha xa kukho inxeba.
Kumntu one-aplastic anemia, le fektri yokwenza igazi, i-bone marrow, ngequbuliso iyeka ukusebenza. Imveliso phantse iyeke ngokupheleleyo. Ngoko ke zonke iintlobo ezintathu zeeseli zegazi ezifunekayo emzimbeni ziyalahleka. Oku kwandisa umngcipheko weengxaki ezininzi, ezinje ngezifo ezinzulu, iingxaki zokopha, kunye nesifo sentliziyo. Nangona kukho unyango lwesi sifo, indlela ekuphela kwayo yokunyanga esi sifo ngokupheleleyo kukufakelwa i-stem cell.
Ixhaphake kangakanani le meko?
Esi asisosifo sixhaphakileyo. Kwanakwiizwe eziphuhlileyo, esi sifo sichaphazela abantu abamalunga nababini kuphela kwisigidi. Oko kuthetha ukuba asixhaphakanga kakhulu. Nangona esi sifo sinokwenzeka nakweyiphi na iminyaka, sixhaphake kakhulu kubantu abaselula abaphakathi kweminyaka eli-15 nengama-25 ubudala nakubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-60 ubudala .
Zithini iimpawu zale meko?
Uninzi lwexesha, ezi mpawu zikhula kancinci kancinci, kwiiveki okanye kwiinyanga. Ngoko ke usenokungawuboni umahluko omkhulu kwangoko. Kodwa kwabanye abantu, iimpawu zinokuvela ngequbuliso ngendlela enzulu. Makhe sijonge ukuba zeziphi ezi mpawu kunye nesizathu sokuba zenzeke.
| Uphawu | Kutheni oko kusenzeka? (Kalula nje) |
|---|---|
| Ukudinwa kakhulu, ukuquleka nangona unyuka izinyuko, kunye nobunzima bokuphefumla (ukuphelelwa ngamandla). | Ngenxa yokuncipha kwenani leeseli ezibomvu zegazi ezithwala ioksijini efunekayo emzimbeni. |
| Usulelo oluqhelekileyo lwentsholongwane (umkhuhlane, umkhuhlane) kwaye kuthatha ixesha elide ukuba luphile. | Ngenxa yokuncipha kwenani leeseli ezimhlophe zegazi ezilwa neentsholongwane. |
| Ukopha ngokulula nokuba linxeba elincinci, lijika libe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kwiindawo ezithile, liphuma igazi empumlweni okanye kwiintsini. | Ngenxa yokuncipha kwenani leeplatelet ezithintela ukujiya kwegazi. |
| Ulusu oluphaphathekileyo, isiyezi, iintloko ezibuhlungu rhoqo. | Ioksijini ayanelanga ingena engqondweni nasemzimbeni, nto leyo ebangelwa kukuncipha kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi . |
| Ifiva. | Njengophawu losulelo, ngenxa yokungabikho komzimba okhuselekileyo. |
Khumbula, ungoyiki ukucinga ukuba unesi sifo kuba nje unesifo somkhuhlane kwaye uzive udiniwe kancinci. Kodwa ukuba unesifo esingapholiyo kangangeeveki kwaye uzive udiniwe kakhulu ngaxeshanye, ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kufuneka ubone ugqirha.
Kutheni kusenzeka into enje?
Akusoloko kusenzeka ukuchonga unobangela ochanekileyo. Kodwa rhoqo, kwenzeka into engaqhelekanga. Ngamafutshane, inkqubo yokuzikhusela yomzimba wethu (inkqubo yokuzikhusela) iyawa ize ihlasele umongo wayo. Kufana nomkhosi wethu ohlasela amalungu ethu abalulekileyo. Olu hlaselo lutshabalalisa iiseli ze-stem kwimongo, iiseli ezenza iiseli ezintsha zegazi.
Kukho izizathu ezahlukeneyo zokuba inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela inokuba sengozini ngale ndlela.
Ngenxa yezinye iimeko zempilo
- Izifo ezizikhusela ngokwazo emzimbeni:Kwizifo ezifana ne-lupus, inkqubo yethu yomzimba yokuzikhusela ihlasela imizimba yethu.
- Usulelo lweentsholongwane: Ezinye iintlobo zeentsholongwane, umzekelo i-Epstein-Barr virus, i-cytomegalovirus (CMV), i-Parvovirus B19, kunye ne-HIV virus, zinokubangela le meko.
- I-Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria: Oku kuxa iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ziqhekeka ngokukhawuleza.
- Ukukhulelwa: Kunqabile kakhulu, le meko inokwenzeka ngexesha lokukhulelwa.
Izizathu ezibangelwa lilifa
Ezi aziqhelekanga kakhulu. Ezinye izifo zemfuza ezizuzwe njengelifa zinokubangela ukuba umongo wethambo ungasebenzi kakuhle. Umzekelo:
- I-Fanconi anemia
- I-Dyskeratosis congenita
- Isifo seShwachman-Diamond
Ezinye iindlela zonyango kunye neekhemikhali
- Unyango lomhlaza: Unyango lwemisebe kunye ne-chemotherapy zingonakalisa umongo wethambo.
- Amanye amayeza: Amanye amayeza anikwa izifo ezihlasela amasosha omzimba.
- Ukuvezwa kwiikhemikhali: Ukuvezwa ixesha elide kwiikhemikhali ezibangela umhlaza ezifana ne-arsenic kunye ne-benzene nako kuyingozi.
Zithini iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga (iingxaki) ezinokubakho ngenxa yoku?
Xa iiseli zegazi zilahlekile, iinkqubo ezininzi emzimbeni ziyaphazamiseka, nto leyo enokubangela iingxaki ezinkulu.
- I-Anemia Eqatha: Ingakhokelela ekudinweni kakhulu, ukubetha kwentliziyo ngokukhawuleza, kunye nokungasebenzi kakuhle kwentliziyo.
- Usulelo olunzima: Ngaphandle kweeseli ezimhlophe zegazi, kwanentsholongwane eqhelekileyo inokuba yingozi ebomini.
- Ukopha okungalawulekiyo: Ngenxa yokungabikho kweeplatelets, nokuba linxeba elincinci linokubangela ukopha okugqithisileyo. Ukopha ngaphakathi kwengqondo kuyingozi kakhulu.
- Isifo sentliziyo: I-anemia inokubangela ukuba intliziyo isebenze nzima, nto leyo ekhokelela ekutshintsheni kwesantya sentliziyo (arrhythmia) okanye ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwentliziyo.
- Isifo seMyelodysplastic: Esi sisifo somongo wamathambo, kwaye kukho umngcipheko wokuba sibe ngumhlaza wegazi ofana ne-leukemia.
Ugqirha uyifumana njani le nto?
Xa usiya kugqirha, uya kuqala akuphulaphule ngononophelo iimpawu zakho aze akuhlole. Emva koko, ukuba urhanela ukuba esi sifo sikhona, uya kuyalela uvavanyo oluthile.
| Uvavanyo | Ubona ntoni kule nto? |
|---|---|
| Ubalo lwegazi olupheleleyo (i-CBC) | Ungajonga ngokusisiseko ukuba iiseli zakho ezibomvu zegazi, iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi, kunye neeplatelet ziphantsi kangakanani. |
| I-smear yegazi engaphandle | Imo kunye nohlobo lweeseli zakho zegazi luhlolwa phantsi kwe-microscope. |
| Inani lee-reticulocyte | Ubungakanani beeseli ezibomvu zegazi ezingavuthwanga eziveliswa ngumongo wethambo buyalinganiswa. Ukuba eli nani liphantsi, liqinisekisa ukuba umongo wethambo awusebenzi. |
| Ukufunxwa komnkantsha wethambo kunye ne-biopsy | Olu lolona vavanyo lubalulekileyo lokuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa. Emva kokuba kunikwe i-anesthetic elula, kuthathwa isampuli encinci yomongo wethambo kwithambo lesinqe ize ivavanywe. Ukuba iiseli zomongo wethambo ziphantsi kakhulu, ukuxilongwa kuyaqinisekiswa. |
Zithini iindlela zonyango zoku?
Indlela yonyango ixhomekeke kwizinto ezifana neminyaka yakho, ubukhali besifo, kunye nesizathu saso.
Ngamanye amaxesha, ukuba imeko ibangelwa lunyango lomhlaza, ukutshintsha unyango kunokuyiphucula imeko. Ukuba unenani eliphantsi leeseli zegazi kwaye akukho zimpawu zibalulekileyo (i-anemia ye-aplastic ephakathi), ugqirha wakho unokugqiba ekubeni angakunyangi aze ajonge imeko yakho.
Kodwa kwiimeko ezinzima, unyango luyimfuneko.
- Ii-immunosuppressants: Njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, la mayeza anikwa ukuthintela amasosha omzimba ethu ekuhlaseleni umongo wethu wethambo. I-Antithymocyte globulin (Atgam®) kunye neCyclosporine (Sandimmune®) zezo ziyobisi.
- Utofelo-gazi: Oku akusinyangi esi sifo, kodwa kunokulawula okwethutyana iimpawu ezifana nokudinwa nokopha okubangelwa kukungabikho kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi kunye neeplatelets.
- Ii-antibiotics: Inani eliphantsi leeseli ezimhlophe zegazi linyusa umngcipheko wokufumana usulelo. Ke ngoko, la mayeza anikwa ukunyanga usulelo oluvelayo.
- Ukufakelwa kweeseli ze-stem ze-allogeneic:Le yindlela ekuphela kwayo yokunyanga esi sifo ngokupheleleyo. Okwenziwayo apha kukutshabalalisa ngokupheleleyo umongo wethambo owonakeleyo kunye nokufaka iiseli ze-stem ezithathwe kumntu ophilileyo (umxhasi ohambelanayo) emzimbeni. Ezi seli zintsha ziyahamba zize zihlale kumongo wethambo zize ziqale ukwenza iiseli zegazi ezintsha eziphilileyo. Olu nyango lunokwenzeka ukuba luphumelele kubantu abancinci.
Ngaba kukho naziphi na iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zonyango?
Ewe, iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zinokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwindlela yonyango.
- Isifo se-graft-versus-host: Ingxaki enokwenzeka ngexesha lokufakelwa kweeseli ze-stem. Kwimeko enjalo, iiseli ezisandula ukufakelwa zihlasela umzimba wesigulana.
- Umngcipheko okhulayo wokosuleleka: Amayeza acinezela inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela anciphisa ngakumbi amandla okulwa neentsholongwane.
- Ukugcwala kwesinyithi: Ukufakwa igazi rhoqo kunokubangela ukuba amanqanaba esinyithi emzimbeni anyuke ngokungeyomfuneko.
Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuphila nesi sifo?
Izinga lokusinda lixhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi, kuquka ubudala bakho kunye nonyango olufumanayo. Ezinye izifundo zibonisa ukuba emva konyango lokufakelwa iiseli ze-stem, izinga lokusinda leminyaka emihlanu liphantse libe yi-100% kubantwana nakubantu abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-40.
Khumbula, ezi zibalo ziphakathi nje kweqela elikhulu labantu. Imeko yakho isenokuba yahlukile kakhulu kunale. Ngoko ke ungoyiki ngala manani. Ngugqirha wakho kuphela onokukunika ulwazi olungcono.
Ingaba ngumhlaza lo?
Hayi. I-aplastic anemia ayingomhlaza. Nangona kunjalo, abantu abanale meko banokuba nomngcipheko okhulayo wokuba nomhlaza wegazi ofana ne-leukemia kwixesha elizayo.
Ukuba unale meko, uzinyamekela njani?
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukulandela isicwangciso sakho sonyango ngokuchanekileyo kwaye unike ingqalelo kwiimpawu zakho. Ukongeza, cinga ngezi zinto.
- Ziphephe izinto ezinokubangela ukuba uwe nzima uze wonzakale. Kungcono ukuphepha imidlalo efana nebhola ekhatywayo, ihoki, kunye nokulwa, kuba ungopha igazi lula.
- Zikhusele kwiintsholongwane. Usethubeni lokufumana usulelo. Hlamba izandla zakho rhoqo ngesepha namanzi. Zigcine kude nabantu abanomkhuhlane okanye iintlungu zesisu. Buza ugqirha wakho ukuba zeziphi izitofu ezifanelekileyo kuwe.
- Phumla ngokwaneleyo. I-anemia ingakwenza uzive udiniwe kakhulu. Inokukwenza kube nzima nokwenza imisebenzi yakho yemihla ngemihla. Ngoko ke lala ngokwaneleyo. Phumla kwangoko xa uziva udiniwe, musa ukulibazisa.
- Yitya ukutya okunesondlo. Ukutya okunesondlo kunokunyusa amandla akho. Kungcono ukubonisana nengcali yesondlo ngale nto.
- Yenza umthambo olula. Umthambo olula njengokuhamba unokunceda ekunciphiseni uxinzelelo. Kodwa qiniseka ukuba uthetha nogqirha wakho ngaphambi kokuba uqale umthambo omtsha.
Ngawaphi amaxesha afanelekileyo okubonana nogqirha?
Kubalulekile ukuhlala unxibelelana nogqirha wakho rhoqo. Ingakumbi,
- Ukuba unomkhuhlane ongaphezulu kwama-38°C (102°F).
- Ukuba iimpawu zakho ziya zisiba mandundu.
- Ukuba ufumana ukopha okungalawulekiyo, yiya kwiSebe lezeMpilo eziNgxamisekileyo (ETU) lesibhedlele esikufutshane ngoko nangoko.
Le meko, nangona ingaqhelekanga, imbi kakhulu. Kuyaqondakala ukuba ukhathazeke kwaye uzive ubuhlungu. Kodwa khumbula, nokuba unobangela awufumaneki, unokunyangeka kwaye ngamanye amaxesha unyangeke ngokupheleleyo. Ugqirha wakho uza kukuchazela unyango olungcono kuwe kunye nemiphumo yalo.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-Aplastic anemia yimeko engaqhelekanga kodwa enzulu apho umongo wethambo uyeka ukuvelisa iiseli zegazi.
- Ukudinwa ixesha elide, usulelo oluqhelekileyo, kunye nokukrweleka okanye ukopha lula zezona mpawu ziphambili ekufuneka uzilumkele.
- Musa ukuzityeshela iimpawu ezinje. Ngokuqinisekileyo bonana nogqirha kwaye ufumane ingcebiso.
- Uvavanyo lwegazi olukhethekileyo kunye ne-bone marrow biopsy zibalulekile ukuze kufunyaniswe isifo ngokuqinisekileyo.
- Kukho unyango loku, kwaye ukufakelwa i-stem cell kunamandla okunyanga ngokupheleleyo esi sifo.
- Xa uphila nesi sifo, kubalulekile ukuba uzikhusele kwiintsholongwane kunye nokwenzakala.
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