Ngaba usengozini yokuba ne-Alzheimer's? Funda ngovavanyo lwe-APOE Gene

Ngaba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho, mhlawumbi umakhulu okanye utatomkhulu, okhe waba nesifo sika-Alzheimer? Xa oko kusenzeka, kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukuba noloyiko oluncinci engqondweni yakho, "Owu, ngaba nam ndiza kufumana esi sifo?" Kulapho olu vavanyo lwezakhi zofuzo ze-APOE luqala khona. Ngaba lunokuxela kwangaphambili ikamva lethu? Masithethe ngayo yonke into ngokulula nangokucacileyo.

Yintoni le vavanyo lwe-APOE gene?

Ngamafutshane, uvavanyo lwe-APOE gene luvavanyo lwe-genetic olujonga i-genotype ye-gene ebizwa ngokuba yi-apolipoprotein E. Ukuba uneentlobo ezithile zale gene, usenokuba sengozini enkulu yokuhlaselwa sisifo se-Alzheimer kunezinye .

Kodwa eyona nto ibalulekileyo apha yile. Ukuba nje unobungozi obukhulu akuthethi ukuba uza kugula ngokuqinisekileyo. Khawuthelekelele ukuba kukho amafu amnyama esibhakabhakeni. Oko kuthetha ukuba kukho ithuba lemvula, kodwa akuthethi ukuba iza kuna ngokuqinisekileyo. Yiyo loo nto kunjalo. Impilo yethu ayichaphazeleki kuphela zi-genes zethu, kodwa ikwachaphazeleka nazizinto ezininzi, ezifana noko sikutyayo, nokuba siyazilolonga, nendlela esiphila ngayo.

Kungoko ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthetha nogqirha wakho ukuze uqonde iziphumo zolu vavanyo.

Kulungile, yintoni ke le gene ye-APOE?

I-gene ye-APOE ixelela iiseli zomzimba wethu ukuba zenze iproteni ekhethekileyo ebizwa ngokuba yi-apolipoprotein E. Le proteni yenza umsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu. Idibana namafutha (lipids) emzimbeni wethu kwaye ithwala izinto ezifana ne-cholesterol ukuya apho kufuneka zibe khona egazini, njengeteksi. Oku sikubiza ngokuba yi-lipoprotein.

Kukho iintlobo ezintathu eziphambili, okanye ii-alleles, ze-APOE gene emizimbeni yethu.

Sonke sizuza iikopi ezimbini zale gene, enye ivela kumama wethu kwaye enye ivela kubaba wethu. Ngoko ke ungaba nomxube wezo ntlobo zimbini kwezi zintathu (umz. e3/e3, e3/e4, e2/e4).

Ngowuphi kula ma-gene anxulunyaniswa nesifo sika-Alzheimer?

Okokuqala, akukho jini ifunyenweyo ebangela ngqo isifo se-Alzheimer . Nangona kunjalo, uphando lufumanise ukuba ukuba nekopi enye ye -APOE-e4 gene variant kwandisa umngcipheko wokufumana i-Alzheimer's.

• I-APOE-e4: Abantu abanekopi enye okanye ezimbini zale gene variant banomngcipheko omkhulu wokufumana isifo se-Alzheimer esiqala emva kwexesha, esikhula emva kweminyaka engama-65.
• I-APOE-e2: Ezi ziindaba ezimnandi kancinci. Olu hlobo lwe-gene lunokubonelela ngokhuseleko kwisifo se-Alzheimer. Nokuba umntu onesi gene uyasifumana esi sifo, ngokuqhelekileyo senzeka emva kwexesha elide kunomntu one-APOE-e4.

Uyenza njani le vavanyo? Ngubani oyenza?

Olu ayilovavanyo olunyanzelekileyo ukuba ulwenze. Luyinto eyenziwa ngokuzithandela kwakho. Ukuba kukho imbali yesifo se-Alzheimer kusapho lwakho, unokuba nomdla wokufunda ngalo mba. Kwimeko enjalo, ungathetha nogqirha wakho uze ufumane ulwazi oluthe kratya ngalo mba.

Uvavanyo lulula kakhulu:

1. Ukufumana isampuli ye-DNA: Ugqirha uza kufumana isampuli ye-DNA kuwe. Oku kungenziwa ngokuthatha igazi elincinci okanye ngokusula umlomo okanye isidlele sakho nge-swab encinci.

2. Ukuthunyelwa kwilabhoratri: Le sampuli ithunyelwa kwilabhoratri ekhethekileyo ukuze ivavanywe.

3. Ukuhambisa iziphumo: Ilebhu ivavanya i-DNA yakho ize ithumele iziphumo kugqirha wakho.

4. Ukuxoxa ngeziphumo: Emva koko, ugqirha wakho okanye umcebisi wezemfuza uza kuthetha nawe aze akuchazele ukuba ezi ziphumo zithetha ukuthini.

Ngoku kukho uvavanyo lwemfuza olufumaneka ekhaya kwamanye amazwe. Nangona kunjalo, nokuba ufumana iziphumo kulo, kusabalulekile ukuthetha nogqirha wakho wosapho ukuze uqonde iinkcukacha ezichanekileyo.

Sifunda ntoni kwiziphumo?

Iziphumo zovavanyo zikuxelela ukuba zeziphi iintlobo (ii-alleles) ze-APOE gene onayo.

Ithetha ukuthini i-APOE4 positive?

"I-APOE4 positive" ithetha ukuba unekopi enye ubuncinane ye-APOE-e4 gene kwi-DNA yakho.

Iyintoni ingozi yokuba ne-Alzheimer's ukuba une-APOE4?

Phakathi kwe-15% kunye ne-25% yabemi behlabathi banekopi enye yejini ye-APOE-e4. Phakathi kwe-2% kunye ne-5% banekopi zombini. Ukuba nekopi enye kunokunyusa umngcipheko wokufumana i-Alzheimer's.

Kodwa, ndiyaphinda, olu asilovavanyo oluqinisekisa ukuba kukho isifo, lukuxelela kuphela ngomngcipheko.

Ukuba iziphumo zibonisa ukuba umngcipheko uphezulu, ugqirha wakho angakuxelela ukuba wenze izinto ezifana nezi:

• Ukuzilolonga rhoqo: Ukwenza imithambo ekwenza ubile ubuncinane iintsuku ezimbalwa ngeveki.
• Lala kakuhle: Lala ubuncinane iiyure ezisi-7-8 ngosuku.
• Ukuba nobudlelwane nabantu: ukuchitha ixesha nabahlobo nezalamane, ukuthatha inxaxheba kwimisebenzi yoluntu.
• Ukufaka umngeni engqondweni: Izinto ezinje ngokusombulula iiphazili, ukufunda iincwadi, ukufunda ulwimi olutsha okanye isixhobo somculo.

Ngaba ukwazi ezi ziphumo kungayichaphazela ingqondo?

Ewe, ngokuqinisekileyo. Xa sifunda ngeziphumo zovavanyo lwemfuza olufana nolu, lunokusichaphazela ngeendlela ezininzi. Usenokuziva usoyika, uxhalabile, okanye unomsindo. Ngamanye amaxesha, iziphumo zisenokungakuniki impendulo ecacileyo obuyilindele.

Khumbula, nokuba ziziphi na ii-genes zakho, zininzi izinto onokuzenza ukunciphisa umngcipheko wesifo se-Alzheimer. Icebiso elifanelekileyo koku kukuthetha nogqirha wakho.