Ingaba umntwana wakho uyala ukutya? Akungomntu nje ongakunyamezeliyo ukutya? Masifunde ngeSifo sokungatyi ukutya okuthintelweyo/okuthintelweyo (ARFID)!

Ngaba umntwana wakho akathandi ukutya ukutya okuthile? Okanye wena ngokwakho awuthandi nokujonga ukutya okuthile, kwaye awunamdla wokutya? Namhlanje, siza kuxoxa ngokweenkcukacha ukuba oku 'kukunganyamezelani nokutya' okanye yinto enzulu ngakumbi. Ukuqonda le meko ngokufanelekileyo kuya kukunceda wena nabantu obathandayo.

Yintoni i-ARFID? Ngamafutshane...

I-ARFID, okanye i-Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder, yimeko apho umntu ethintela okanye enqaba ubungakanani kunye neentlobo zokutya azityayo. Njengezinye iingxaki zokutya, ayisiyomeko apho umntu ecinga kakhulu ngembonakalo yomzimba wakhe aze azame ukunciphisa umzimba.

I-ARFID inokubangela ukuba:

• Ndiphelelwa ngumdla wokutya.
• Ukoyika into eza kwenzeka emva kokutya. Umzekelo, ukuxhalaba rhoqo ngokukrwitshwa okanye ukuhlanza.
• Ezinye izidlo azifunwa kuba azimnandi ngombala, incasa, ivumba, okanye ubume bazo.

Ngamanye amaxesha ugqirha wakho unokubiza oku ngokuthi "yingxaki yokutya ekhethiweyo." Oku kuthetha ukuba ungathanda ukutya iintlobo ezimbalwa zokutya kuphela. Usenokuphuhlisa imikhwa, iipateni, okanye amasiko malunga nendlela otya ngayo. Umzekelo, abanye abantu batya ukutya ngokulandelelana okuthile, omnye emva komnye.

Le meko, ebizwa ngokuba yi-ARFID, inokuchaphazela impilo yakho iyonke ngokuthintela umzimba wakho ekufumaneni izondlo ozifunayo. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba ukuba ayinyangwa kakuhle, inokuba yingozi ebomini .

Ngaba oku kukutya nje okukhethiweyo?

Hayi, i-ARFID ayikokutya nje ngokukhetha. Kukho abantwana abancinci abangawuthandiyo umbala, incasa, ivumba, okanye ubunjani bokutya okuthile kwaye abakutyi. Oku sikubiza ngokuba 'kukukhetha ukutya'. Kodwa oku kudla ngokukhawulelwa ekutyeni okumbalwa kuphela. Akunampembelelo ingako ekufuneni okanye ekukhuleni komntwana. Oku 'kukhetha' kudla ngokunyamalala njengoko umntwana ekhula.

Kodwa i-ARFID yimeko enzulu ngakumbi. Kwimeko enjalo, ukungabikho kokutya okwaneleyo kunokuba nemiphumo emibi ekufuneni komntwana, ekukhuleni kwakhe, nakwimpilo yakhe iyonke. Le meko ayiphucuki ngaphandle konyango.

Ixhaphake kangakanani i-ARFID?

Enyanisweni, i-ARFID yimeko entsha ebandakanyiweyo kwi-Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), udidi lweengxaki zengqondo ezisetyenziswa ngoogqirha ukuxilonga izigulana. Ngenxa yoko, kusekho idatha encinci evela kwizifundo zabantu abaninzi malunga nokuxhaphaka kwayo.

Zithini iimpawu ze-ARFID? Siyibona njani?

I-ARFID inokubangela utshintsho emzimbeni nakwindlela yokuziphatha olufana nolu:

Iimpawu ezibonakalayo ngokwasemzimbeni:

• Ukunciphisa umzimba okubalulekileyo.
• Ukuqhinwa rhoqo.
• Iintlungu zesisu, ukungakhululeki esiswini, kunye nokudumba.
• Ubushushu bomzimba buphantsi kunesiqhelo.
• Ukuhlala uziva udiniwe kwaye udiniwe .
• Ukungaqheleki kwemijikelo yokuya exesheni kwabasetyhini nakumantombazana amancinci.
• Ukuziva unesizungu okanye utyhafile.
• Ukukhula kweenwele ezincinci (i-lanugo) emzimbeni, ingakumbi emqolo nasezingalweni.
• Ubuthathaka bemisipha.

Utshintsho kwindlela yokuziphatha:

• Ukuziva "uhluthi" ngaphambi kokutya, okanye ukuphelelwa ngumdla wokutya ngokupheleleyo .
• Kunzima ukuhlala ugxile.
• Ukunciphisa ngabom ubungakanani bokutya okutyiwayo.
• Ukutya ukutya okunesitayile esithile kuphela (umz., ukutya okuthambileyo kakhulu kuphela, okanye ukutya okukrwada kuphela).
• Ndisoloko ndoyika izinto ezinje ngokuhlanza emva kokutya okanye ukutya kunamathele emqaleni.
• Ingqondo 'yokuthanda ukutya' eyayikade ixhaphakile iya isiba nkulu, kwaye inani lokutya okunokutyiwa liya lincipha.

Into ebalulekileyo kukuba i-ARFID ayibangelwa yimbono engalunganga malunga nomzimba womntu okanye ngumnqweno wokunciphisa umzimba.

Zithini izizathu ze-ARFID?

Isizathu esichanekileyo se-ARFID asikaziwa okwangoku , kodwa uphando lwezonyango lubonisa ukuba kukho izinto ezininzi ezinokudlala indima:

• Uxinzelelo oluqatha.
• Ukoyika izinto ezahlukeneyo, ingakumbi ukutya.
• Utshintsho oluthile kwimfuza .
• Ezinye zeempembelelo kwindawo esikuyo, kuluntu nakwinkcubeko yethu.
• Amava angaphambili abuhlungu , ingakumbi lawo anxulumene nokutya.

Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokuba ne-ARFID?

I-ARFID inokuchaphazela abantu bayo nayiphi na iminyaka, kuquka abantu abadala kunye nabantwana. Nangona kunjalo, ixhaphake kakhulu ebuntwaneni . Usenokuba sengozini yokuphuhlisa le meko ngenxa yezi zizathu zilandelayo:

• Ukuba ukhe wahlangabezana namava abuhlungu anxulumene nokutya. Umzekelo, ukuva ukunqongophala kokutya, ukunyanzelwa ukutya, okanye ukulamba ukutya.
• Ukuba unengxaki yempilo yengqondo (umz., ixhala, ukudakumba, i-ADHD) okanye enye imeko echaphazela uphuhliso lwe-neurodevelopment.
• Ukuba awuyithandi kakhulu indlela ukutya okuthile okutyiswa ngayo .
• Ukuba uhlala usoyika ukuba ukutya ukutya kuya kuwonakalisa umzimba wakho.
• Ukuba amalungu osapho lwakho asondeleyo (usapho lwemvelo) aye anengxaki yokutya.

Ziziphi iingxaki ezinokwenzeka ngenxa ye-ARFID?

Ukuba i-ARFID ayinyangwa kakuhle, iingxaki ezahlukeneyo zinokubakho, ezinye zazo ziyingozi kakhulu.

• Ukungondleki : Ukungafumani izondlo ezifunekayo emzimbeni.
• Ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni: Ukuncipha komthamo wamanzi emzimbeni.
• Ukungalingani kwe-electrolyte : Ukungalingani kweetyuwa ezifana ne-sodium kunye ne-potassium.
• I-anemia : Ukungabikho kwegazi.
• Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi.
• Ukuncitshiswa kwamathambo (i-Osteoporosis) .
• Ukuma kwentliziyo ngequbuliso kunokwenzeka.
• Ukufikisa okulibazisekileyo ebantwaneni.
• Utshintsho kunye nokuphazamiseka kophuhliso lomzimba.

Ezi ziphumo ngamanye amaxesha zinokuba yingozi ebomini . Okumangalisayo kukuba, ngamanye amaxesha umzimba womntu one-ARFID unokuqhelana nolu xinzelelo kwaye ungabonakalisi zimpawu zangaphandle. Ke ngoko, nokuba kuvavanyo, imeko isenokungabonwa ngokucacileyo, kodwa imeko isenokuba mandundu ngaphakathi.

I-ARFID inokuba nefuthe elikhulu kubomi bakho bentlalo. Umzekelo, usenokungafuni ukutya nosapho, ukuya kumatheko abahlobo, okanye ukuthatha inxaxheba kuyo nayiphi na imisitho equka ukutya. Oku kungonakalisa ubudlelwane bakho nosapho kunye nabahlobo, kwaye kukuphazamise emsebenzini wesikolo nasemsebenzini.

Ifunyaniswa njani i-ARFID?

Ugqirha uza kugqiba ukuba unayo na i-ARFID ngokuqwalasela iikhrayitheriya ezimbalwa ezithile. Ezi khrayitheriya zezi:

• Ukuncitshiswa kokutya kumele ukuba kwabangela ukwehla okukhulu kobunzima (ebantwaneni, ukungaphumeleli ekukhuleni okulindelekileyo), ukungondleki kakuhle , ukuxhomekeka ekutyeni ngetyhubhu okanye kwizongezo zevithamini/zondlo zesondlo, kunye/okanye ukunxibelelana nabanye abantu kumele ukuba kwachaphazeleka kukuncitshiswa kokutya.
• Oku kuthintelwa kokutya akufuneki kubangelwe kukungakhuseleki kokutya, ukuzila ukutya ngenxa yezizathu zonqulo, okanye imeko yezonyango okanye unyango olufihlakeleyo.
• Kwakhona, oku kuthintelwa kokutya akufuneki kwenziwe ngenxa yesimo sengqondo esingalunganga malunga nenkangeleko yomzimba womntu okanye ngenjongo yokunciphisa ubunzima okanye ukutshintsha imo yomzimba wakhe.
• Nokuba ukuthintelwa kokutya kungenxa yemeko yempilo okanye unyango, kufuneka kube kwinqanaba elidlula izinga lemiphumo emibi enokulindelwa kwaye ibangele iingxaki ezinkulu kwimpilo iyonke.

Ukuqinisekisa ezi zinto, ugqirha wakho uza kwenza uvavanyo lomzimba, kwaye angayalela uvavanyo lwegazi okanye lomchamo ukujonga impilo yakho ngokubanzi, amanqanaba esondlo, kunye nokujonga ukusebenza kwamalungu akho angaphakathi. Olu vavanyo lubalulekile kuba iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zale meko zinokuba yingozi ebomini kwaye zinokuchaphazela iindawo ezininzi zomzimba.

Iphathwa njani i-ARFID?

Kukho iinjongo eziphambili ezininzi ekunyangeni i-ARFID:

• Ukukunceda ukuba ufikelele kwaye ugcine ubunzima bakho busempilweni .
• Ukuthintela iingxaki ezichaphazela impilo yakho iyonke.
• Ukukunceda ulawule iingxaki zakho zeemvakalelo, ukungafuni ukuziva, kunye noloyiko malunga nokutya.

Unyango oluphambili loku yiCognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) . Olu nyango lunokukunceda ngezinto ezifana nezi:

• Chonga iingcinga ezinengxaki kunye neendlela zokuziphatha ezichaphazela impilo yakho.
• Nciphisa uloyiko okanye ixhala malunga nokutya.
• Khululeka ngakumbi kwaye ukhululeke xa uneengxaki zovakalelo.

Ngamanye amaxesha, ugqirha wakho unokukunika amayeza okunceda ingqondo nomzimba wakho ukuba uphile kwaye uthintele iingxaki ezisongela ubomi. Ezi zinokubandakanya amayeza okulwa nesifo sengqondo, amayeza okudakumba, okanye amayeza avuselela umdla wokutya. Kubalulekile ukuthetha nogqirha wakho malunga nemiphumo emibi enokubakho yalo naliphi na iyeza ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukulisebenzisa.

Kwezinye iimeko ezinzima, ugqirha unokugqiba ekubeni anike isondlo sangaphakathi okwethutyana. Le yityhubhu eguquguqukayo nebhityileyo efakwa ngempumlo okanye ngqo esiswini okanye emathunjini amancinci. Le tyhubhu ivumela umzimba ukuba ufumane izondlo ngaphandle kokutya ngomlomo.

Ngubani onyanga i-ARFID? Ngaba udinga iqela leengcali?

Ewe, kuba i-ARFID yimeko enzima, unokufuna uncedo lweqela loogqirha kunye neengcali zonyango ukuze bakunyange. Eli qela linokubandakanya:

• Ugqirha wosapho lwakho (ugqirha wezonyango oluphambili) .
• Umcebisi wezempilo yengqondo okanye ingcali yezengqondo yokuziphatha .
• Ugqirha ochwephesha kwinkqubo yokugaya ukutya (Gastroenterologist) .
• Ingcali yezifo zolwimi lokuthetha (ukuba kukho iingxaki ezifana nokuginya).
• Oogqirha abaziingcali abanyanga ezinye iingxaki ezibangelwa yi-ARFID.

Ndiza kuziva bhetele nini emva konyango?

Unyango lwe-ARFID luthatha ixesha. Ekubeni wonke umntu wahlukile, kunzima ukunika ixesha elichanekileyo oza kuqala ngalo ukuziva ungcono. Luyahluka kumntu nomntu. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko umzimba wakho uqala ukufumana izondlo ozifunayo, uya kuqala kancinci ukuziva ukhululekile kwiimpawu zakho. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukujonga inkqubela yakho kwaye ujonge iingxaki ezintsha ezinokuvela kwixesha elizayo, njengoko unokufuna inkxaso yeqela lakho lezonyango kunye nokulandelela rhoqo ubomi bakho bonke .

Ngaba ikho indlela yokuthintela i-ARFID?

Ngelishwa, okwangoku akukho ndlela eyaziwayo yokuthintela i-ARFID ukuba ingenzeki.

Injani imeko yomntu one-ARFID? Ufanele ulindele ntoni?

I-ARFID yimeko yempilo yengqondo echaphazela umzimba wakho ngokuthe ngqo. Nangona ekuqaleni ingabonakala ngathi 'kukunganyamezeli ukutya' nje, iziphumo zokuncitshiswa kokutya zinokuba yingozi kakhulu kwaye zide zibe yingozi ebomini ukuba azinyangwa ngokufanelekileyo. Nangona abantwana bedla ngokudlula ekunganyamezelini ukutya kwabo njengoko bekhula, i-ARFID ngokuqinisekileyo ifuna unyango. Inokuba yimeko yobomi bonke ekufuneka ilawulwe. Abantu abane-ARFID badla ngokulaliswa esibhedlele.

Ngenxa yokuba le meko yinto entsha kwisayensi yezonyango, akukho nyango lulodwa olusebenza kuye wonke umntu. Ngokuqhelekileyo, iziphumo ezilungileyo zifumaneka ngokusebenzisa indibaniselwano yonyango, olufana namayeza kunye nonyango lokuziphatha kwengqondo (CBT).

Ufanele uye nini kugqirha?

Ukuba wena okanye umntu omaziyo unenye yezi mpawu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubona ugqirha ngokukhawuleza:

• Ukuba awukwazi nokutya okanye ukusela amanzi amancinci.
• Ukuba uziva uloyiko okanye ixhala elikhulu ngelixa usitya.
• Ukuba awunamdla okanye umnqweno wokutya.
• Ukuba ngequbuliso ulahlekelwa bubunzima obukhulu ngaphandle kwesizathu.
• Ukuba ufumana ezinye iimpawu ezinxulumene ne-ARFID ezikhankanyiweyo kweli nqaku.

Khumbula, akusoloko kulula kumntu onesifo sengqondo ukuqonda ukuba udinga uncedo aze alucele. Ke ngoko, inkxaso, ukuqonda, kunye nenkuthazo yabathandekayo bakho kubaluleke kakhulu ekubenzeni bathunyelwe kumntu onokubonelela ngonyango oluyimfuneko.

Ndingayibuza yiphi imibuzo ugqirha?

Xa usiya kugqirha, ungathandabuzi ukubuza imibuzo efana nale:

• "Gqirha, yintoni kanye kanye ingxaki endiyifumeneyo?"
• "Ngaba kufuneka ndidibane nogqirha wengqondo?"
• "Ziziphi iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinokuba nazo amayeza ondinika wona?"
• "Ukuba andikwazi ukutya kakuhle, ndenze ntoni ukuze ndifumane izondlo ezidingwa ngumzimba wam?"
• "Ngaba ndiza kuyidinga ityhubhu yokutyisa?"

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwe-ARFID kunye ne-Anorexia?

I-ARFID kunye ne-Anorexia I-Nervosa zombini ziimeko zempilo yengqondo ezithintela ukutya. Kodwa kukho umahluko ophambili . I-Anorexia yenzeka xa umntu enembono embi ngomzimba wakhe aze athintele ukutya kwakhe ezama ukutshintsha loo mbono, ingakumbi ukuze anciphise umzimba. Kwi-ARFID, lo mbandela awungowomfanekiso womzimba wakhe.

Ingaba i-ARFID iyinxalenye ye-Autism Spectrum Disorder?

Hayi. Nangona ezinye zeempawu ze-ARFID zinokufana nezo ze-autism spectrum disorder (ASD), ziimeko ezimbini ezahlukeneyo . Umzekelo, zombini ezi meko zinokubandakanya ukungafuni ukutya okuthile. Nangona kunjalo, kubantu abane-ARFID, olu thando lokuziva lunokubangela iingxaki ezinkulu, njengokungondleki kakuhle.

Izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka sizikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Kulungile, ngoko ke ndiyathemba ukuba oku kukunika ukuqonda okungcono nge-ARFID. Okokugqibela, gcina la manqaku engqondweni:

• I-ARFID yimeko yempilo yengqondo entsonkothileyo engaphucukiyo ngaphandle konyango, ngoko ke akufuneki ithathwe lula.
• Nangona oku kungabonakala ngathi 'kukunganyamezelani nokutya' xa uqala ukukubona, ukuba umzimba awufumani izondlo ezifunekayo, kunokukhokelela kwiingxaki eziyingozi kakhulu nezisongela ubomi .
• Kukho unyango olufumanekayo , kodwa kuthatha ixesha nomonde. Inkxaso yeqela lakho lezonyango kunye nabantu obathandayo iya kukunceda kakhulu ukuba ubuyele empilweni entle.

Ukuba ucinga ukuba wena okanye umntu omaziyo unokuba nale ngxaki, nceda ucele ingcebiso kugqirha. Ukuxilongwa kwangoko kunye nonyango kubaluleke kakhulu!

I- ARFID, Ingxaki Yokutya Ethintelayo/Ethintela Ukuthathwa, ukungathandi ukutya, ukungavumi ukutya, ukungabikho kokutya okunempilo, impilo yengqondo, impilo yomntwana, iingxaki zokutya, ukutya ngokukhetha