Ngaba uhlala uphathwa ziintloko ezibuhlungu? Ngaba uyahlanza? Okanye uziva ngathi inkumbulo yakho iyaphela kancinci kancinci, okanye amazwi akho ayabhideka xa uthetha? Nangona ezi zinto zinokwenzeka ngezizathu eziqhelekileyo, azifane zibe ziimpawu zethumba lobuchopho. Ngoko ke namhlanje siza kuthetha ngohlobo lwethumba elenzeka engqondweni nasemgogodleni, elibizwa ngokuba yi-'Astrocytoma'. Ungakhathazeki, masiqonde yonke into ngale nto ngokulula.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni i-Astrocytoma?
I-Astrocytoma luhlobo lwethumba elinokukhula kwinkqubo yethu yemithambo-luvo (CNS) , ekwingqondo, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha kwi-spinal cord. Ezi thumba zikhula kuhlobo oluthile lweseli efana neenkwenkwezi engqondweni yethu ebizwa ngokuba yi-'astrocyte'. Ezi seli ze-astrocyte luhlobo lweseli olusebenza njengenkxaso kwezinye iiseli zemithambo-luvo engqondweni, zilondla kwaye zikhusela. Ithumba le-astrocytoma lenzeka xa ezi seli ziqala ukukhula ngokungalawulekiyo.
Into ebalulekileyo kukuba ayizizo zonke ezi Astrocytomas ezibangela umhlaza. Ezinye zibangela umhlaza ongengobungozi. Kodwa ezinye zinokuba nomhlaza (ezinobungozi).
I-Astrocytoma lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lwethumba lobuchopho elibizwa ngokuba yi-glioma.
Ngaba kukho iintlobo kunye namanqanaba e-Astrocytoma?
Ewe, iWorld Health Organisation (WHO) yahlule ii-Astrocytoma tumors kwiiklasi ezine eziphambili (iBakala 1-4) ngokusekelwe kwisantya sokukhula kwazo kunye nokukwazi kwazo ukusasazeka kwizicubu ezingqongileyo. IBakala 1 lelona libi kakhulu, kwaye iBakala 4 lelona libi kakhulu kwaye lisasazeka ngokukhawuleza.
Masiziqonde ezi zinto ngetafile.
| Ibanga | Inkcazo kunye neentlobo |
|---|---|
| Ibanga loku-1 (Elingenamhlaza) | Ezi ziithumba ezingengobungozi ezikhula kancinci kakhulu kwaye zingasasazeki. Xa zisuswe ngokupheleleyo ngotyando, akukho nyango lungaphezulu (imitha okanye i-chemotherapy) oluhlala lufuneka.
|
| Ibanga lesi-2 (Umhlaza) | Ezi zi-tumor ezinomhlaza. Zinotyekelo lokusasazeka kwizicubu zobuchopho ezingqongileyo. Ke ngoko, utyando lodwa lusenokunganeli kunyango. |
| Ibanga lesi-3 (Umhlaza) | Ezi zi-tumor zinobundlongondlongo kwaye zikhula ngokukhawuleza kune-grade 2. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ii-tumor ze-grade 2 zinokuqhubeka ziye kweli nqanaba ngokuhamba kwexesha. Utyando lodwa alunakuzinyanga. I-radiation kunye ne-chemotherapy ngokuqinisekileyo ziyafuneka. |
| Ibanga lesi-4 (Umhlaza) | Ezi zikwabizwa ngokuba yi-glioblastoma . Olu lolona hlobo lwe-astrocytoma luhlaselayo, olukhula ngokukhawuleza, nolunobundlobongela. Lukwaluhlobo oluqhelekileyo lomhlaza wobuchopho kubantu abadala. |
Ngubani onokuthi afumane esi sifo?
I-Astrocytoma inokukhula nangaliphi na ixesha, kodwa amanqanaba ahlukeneyo aqheleke kakhulu kumaqela ahlukeneyo eminyaka.
- Ibanga loku-1: Liqhelekile kubantwana nakubantu abadala abancinci.
- Ibanga lesi-2: Ixhaphake kakhulu kubantu abadala abaneminyaka engama-20 ukuya kwengama-60 ubudala.
- Ibanga lesi-3: Ixhaphakile kubantu abadala abaneminyaka engama-30 ukuya kwengama-60 ubudala.
- Ibanga lesi-4 (iGlioblastoma): Ixhaphakile kubantu abadala abaneminyaka engama-50 ukuya kwengama-80 ubudala.
Amadoda anamathuba amancinci okuba ne-astrocytomas enzima (yebanga lesi-3 nelesi-4).
Zithini iimpawu zoku?
Iimpawu zixhomekeke kubukhulu bethumba kunye nendawo elikuyo engqondweni. Ngenxa yokuba iindawo ezahlukeneyo zobuchopho zilawula imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo emzimbeni wethu, xa ithumba libeka uxinzelelo kuloo nxalenye, iimpawu ezinxulumene naloo nxalenye ziyavela.
Nazi ezinye zeempawu eziqhelekileyo.
| Uphawu | Inkcazo |
|---|---|
| Intloko ebuhlungu | Intloko ebuhlungu rhoqo xa uvuka kusasa engaphenduliyo kwiyeza eliqhelekileyo lokubulala iintlungu. |
| Isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza | Ukucaphuka nokuhlanza ngaphandle kwesizathu esithile. |
| Ukuxhuzula | Ukuba nokuxhuzula okokuqala ebomini. |
| Utshintsho lwengqondo kunye nokuziphatha | Ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo, ubunzima bokugxila, utshintsho lobuntu (ukucaphuka ngequbuliso, ukuba lusizi), kunye nokudideka. |
| Ukungonwabi ngokwasemzimbeni | Iingxaki zokubona (ukubona okufipheleyo, ukubona kabini), ubunzima bokuthetha (i-aphasia), ukuba ndindisholo okanye ubuthathaka kwelinye icala lomzimba, kunye nobunzima bokuhamba. |
Ukuba unenye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi mpawu zilandelelana, nceda ubone ugqirha wakho ngokukhawuleza.
Zithini izizathu ze-astrocytoma?
Enyanisweni, unobangela ochanekileyo we-astrocytomas ezininzi awukaziwa . Zihlala zenzeka ngamaxesha athile, ngaphandle kwesizathu esibonakalayo. Nangona kunjalo, kukho izinto ezimbini ezinobungozi ezichongiweyo ngabaphandi.
1. Ukuvezwa yimitha: Unyango lwemitha entloko, ingakumbi xa usengumntwana, komnye umhlaza lunokunyusa umngcipheko wokuba ne-astrocytoma kamva ebomini.
2. Iimeko ezingaqhelekanga zemfuza:Ezinye iimeko zemfuza ezingaqhelekanga, ezizuzwe njengelifa zinokunyusa umngcipheko wokufumana i-astrocytoma. Imizekelo:
- Isifo seLi-Fraumeni
- Uhlobo lwe-Neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1)
- I-Tuberous sclerosis
- Isifo seTurcot
Indlela yokuxilonga esi sifo?
Xa usiya kugqirha, uza kuqala akuphulaphule ngononophelo iimpawu zakho aze akuhlole, ingakumbi uvavanyo lwemithambo-luvo.
Emva koko, ungathunyelwa kwiimvavanyo ezininzi ukuze ujonge ngaphakathi kwengqondo.
- Iskeni se-MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): Le yeyona ndlela ilungileyo necacileyo yokubona iithumba zobuchopho.
- I-CT (Computed Tomography) Scan: Olu vavanyo lwenziwa xa i-MRI ingenakwenzeka (umz., ukuba kufakwe i-pacemaker).
Ukuba olu vavanyo lubonisa into engaqhelekanga engqondweni, kuye kwenziwe i-biopsy ukuze kufunyaniswe ukuba loluphi uhlobo lwethumba. Oku kuquka ukususwa kweqhekeza elincinci lethumba ngotyando kunye nokulihlola phantsi kwe-microscope. Ngamanye amaxesha, esi zicubu sithathwa ngexesha lotyando olufanayo (i-resection) olususa ngokupheleleyo ithumba.
Zithini iindlela zonyango?
Unyango lumiselwa zizinto ezahlukeneyo, kuquka uhlobo (udidi) lwethumba, ubungakanani balo, indawo elikuyo engqondweni, ubudala bakho, kunye nempilo yakho iyonke. Iingcali ze-neurologists, iingcali zotyando lwe-neurosurgeon, kunye neengcali zomhlaza zihlala zisebenzisana ukumisela isicwangciso sonyango esifanelekileyo.
Iindlela eziphambili zonyango zezi:
1. Utyando
Utyando lolona khetho lokuqala lonyango nanini na xa kunokwenzeka. Oku kuneenzuzo ezininzi ezibalulekileyo:
- Kunokufumaneka isampulu yethishu ukuze kuchongwe ngokuchanekileyo uhlobo lwethumba.
- Unganciphisa uxinzelelo engqondweni ngokususa ithumba elininzi kangangoko kunokwenzeka.
- Iimpawu ezivelayo zinokuthomalaliswa.
Ukuba iithumba ze-astrocytoma zebanga loku-1 zinokususwa ngokupheleleyo ngotyando, esi sifo sinokunyangeka ngokupheleleyo.
2. Unyango oluncedisayo
Kwiimeko ezinzima (amabanga 2, 3, 4), unyango olongezelelweyo luyafuneka ukutshabalalisa naziphi na iiseli zomhlaza eziseleyo emva kotyando.
- Unyango lweMisebe: Ukusetyenziswa kwemitha enamandla aphezulu (njengee-X-ray) ukutshabalalisa iiseli zomhlaza.
- Unyango lweKhemotherapy: Ukunika amayeza abulala iiseli zomhlaza okanye ayeke ukukhula kwazo. I-`Temozolomide (TMZ)` liyeza elisetyenziswa kakhulu koku.
- Iintsimi zonyango lwe-tumor: Esi sisixhobo esikhethekileyo esinxitywa njengesigcina-ntloko. Iintsimi zombane esizikhuphayo zilawula ukukhula kweeseli zomhlaza. Oku kunokucetyiswa kwi-glioblastoma (ibanga lesi-4).
- I-Bevacizumab:Olu lugonyo. Luthintela ukwakheka kwemithambo yegazi ehambisa igazi kwithumba, lulawula ukukhula kwethumba.
Ithini ingxelo yokubikezela kwesi sifo?
Izinga lokuchacha kunye nokusinda kwesi sifo lixhomekeke kwizinto ezahlukeneyo.
- Udidi lwethumba: Imeko inokuba mandundu ngakumbi njengoko udidi lusanda.
- Ubungakanani obunokususwa ngotyando: Ukuba uninzi lwethumba lungasuswa, iziphumo ziya kuba ngcono.
- Ubudala: Abantu abancinci badla ngokufumana iziphumo ezingcono.
- Imeko yempilo iyonke: Kubalulekile ukuba imeko yempilo yesigulana ibe ntle xa isifo sifunyenwe.
Ngokwesiqhelo,
- Ibanga 1: Kukho ithuba lokusinda iminyaka engaphezu kwe-10 emva kotyando.
- Ibanga lesi-2: Ngaphezulu kweminyaka emi-5.
- Ibanga lesi-3: Phakathi kweminyaka emi-2 ukuya kwemi-5.
- Ibanga lesi-4 (iGlioblastoma): Idla ngokuba malunga nonyaka.
Kubalulekile: Nceda ukhumbule ukuba la ngamaxabiso aphakathi nje asekelwe kwidatha evela kwiqela elikhulu labantu. La maxabiso anokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko yakho. Ke ngoko, kungcono ukubonisana nogqirha wakho ukuze ufumane ulwazi oluchanekileyo malunga nemeko yakho.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-Astrocytoma luhlobo lwethumba oluvela engqondweni okanye emgogodleni. Kukho iintlobo zomhlaza nezingezizo zomhlaza.
- Ezi zahlulwe ukusuka kumabanga oku-1 ukuya ku-4 ngokwezinga lobunzima bazo. Ibanga loku-1 lelona lincinci kakhulu, kwaye ibanga lesi-4 (iGlioblastoma) lelona linzima kakhulu.
- Musa ukuzityeshela iimpawu ezifana neentloko ezibuhlungu rhoqo, ukuhlanza, ukuxhuzula, kunye nokulahlekelwa yinkumbulo. Ukuba ezi zinto ziyaqhubeka, bona ugqirha ngokukhawuleza.
- Utyando, unyango lwemitha, kunye ne-chemotherapy zezona ndlela zonyango ziphambili ezisetyenziswayo.
- Nangona ukufunda ngethumba lobuchopho kunokoyikisa, ngonyango olufanelekileyo kunye neengcebiso zonyango, ungazilawula iimpawu zakho kwaye uqhubeke nobomi bakho. Iqela lakho lezonyango lihlala likulungele ukukunceda.
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