Ngaba wakha weva nge-atrophic gastritis, imeko apho ulwelo lwesisu luba buthathaka? Masithethe!

Ngamanye amaxesha ungaziva isisu esibuhlungu, okanye ukuphelelwa ngumdla wokutya, okanye uzive ugcwele esiswini sakho, akunjalo? Mhlawumbi isizathu soko asilula njengoko ucinga. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngemeko enzulu kancinci, kodwa enokuba yinto ebalulekileyo kubantu abaninzi. Leyo yimeko ebizwa ngokuba yi -Atrophic Gastritis . Ungakhathazeki, siza kuthetha ngale nto ngokulula, ngendlela onokuyiqonda.

Yintoni i-atrophic gastritis?

Ngamafutshane, i-atrophic gastritis yimeko apho ulwelo lwesisu sakho, ulwelo lwesisu, luncipha kancinci kancinci luze luvuvuke ixesha elide. Yicinge njengelwelo elikhuselayo ngaphakathi esiswini sakho. Yile nto ikhusela ulwelo lwesisu kwii-asidi eziqatha esiswini sakho. Kwi-atrophic gastritis, olu lwelo olukhuselayo lonakala luze lube buthathaka.

Enye into ekhethekileyo kukuba kule meko, ezinye zeeseli esiswini sakho ziqala ukufana neeseli ezikwisisu sakho esincinci. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-"intestinal metaplasia" ngokwezonyango. Oko kuthetha ukuba iiseli ezikwisisu sakho zibonakala njengeeseli ezikwisisu sakho.

Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili zale nto, akunjalo?

Ewe, uchanekile. Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili ze-atrophic gastritis. Masibone ukuba zeziphi.

1. I-gastritis ebangelwa kukunganyamezelani kwendalo (EMAG)

Olu lolunye uhlobo. Oogqirha balubiza ngokuba yi-`(Environmental Metaplastic Atrophic Gastritis)` okanye i-EMAG ngamafutshane. Isizathu esiphambili soku kusulelwa yintsholongwane ethi `H. pylori` (Helicobacter pylori).

Khawuthelekelele, ngaphakathi esiswini sakho kukho i-mucous membrane ekhuselayo, njengesambrela emvuleni. Yile nto ikhusela udonga lwesisu kwi-asidi yesisu enceda ekugayeni ukutya. Kodwa xa le bhaktiriya ebizwa ngokuba yi-'H. pylori' ifika, isebenza ngokungathi ihlaba loo sambrela. Emva koko ezo asidi ziqala ukutya udonga lwesisu. Xa oku kusenzeka ngokuhamba kweminyaka, iiseli zesisu ziyatshatyalaliswa, ulwelo luyancitshiswa, kwaye imeko ye-EMAG iyadalwa.

2. I-atrophic gastritis ehlasela umzimba (AAG)

Olu luhlobo lwesibini. Lubizwa ngokuba yi-`(Autoimmune Atrophic Gastritis)` okanye i-AAG ngamafutshane. Ngamanye amaxesha lubizwa ngokuba yi-`(Autoimmune Gastritis - AIG)`.

Ngoku khangela, sineqela labagcini bomzimba. Yiyo loo nto inkqubo yethu yomzimba yokuzikhusela. Umsebenzi wabo kukulwa neentsholongwane ezibangela izifo. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha, ngokungathi bahlasela enye yazo ngempazamo, abagcini bomzimba baqala ukuhlasela iiseli zethu eziphilileyo. Yiyo loo nto yenzekayo kwi-AAG. Apha, inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ihlasela iiseli eziphilileyo eludongeni lwesisu sethu ngokuthe ngqo.

Ngaba kukho naziphi na iingozi kwezi ntlobo?

Ewe, zombini i-EMAG kunye ne-AAG zinokunyusa umngcipheko wakho wokuba neethumba ezincinci esiswini sakho. Ezi zibizwa ngokuba yi-"Neuroendocrine Tumors - NETs". Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lwexesha, ezi NET azinawo umhlaza (ezinobungozi) , oko kuthetha ukuba azinabungozi. Nangona kunjalo, zombini i-EMAG kunye ne-AAG zinokunyusa umngcipheko wakho wokuba nomhlaza wesisu. Ke ngoko, kubalulekile ukuqaphela oku.

Ngubani onokuthi aphuhlise le EMAG ngakumbi?

Abantu abasengozini enkulu yokufumana isifo se-gastritis esibangelwa yindalo (EMAG) baquka:

• Kwabo bangabantu bohlanga lwaseAsia okanye lwaseHispanic.
• Kwabo baneminyaka engaphezu kwama-70 ubudala.
• Kwabo batya ukutya okunetyuwa eninzi.
• Kwabo banosulelo lwe-`H. pylori`.
• Kwabo bahlala kwiindawo ezixineneyo nezixineneyo (njengoko oku kunokubangela ukusasazeka kwe-`H. pylori`).
• Kwabo batshayayo.

Ngoko ke ngubani onokuthi aphuhlise i-AAG?

Kukho abantu abasengozini enkulu yokufumana isifo se-autoimmune atrophic gastritis (AAG). Aba ngaba:

• Kwabasetyhini (ngaphezu kwamadoda).
• Kwabo bazalwa ngabantu abamnyama baseMelika okanye baseMantla Yurophu.
• Ukuba kukho umntu kusapho okhe wavelisa i-AAG ngaphambili (kusenokubakho ikhonkco elivela kwilifa).
• Kwabo baneziguqu ezithile zemfuza.
• Kubantu abanezinye izifo zokuzikhusela komzimba. Umzekelo:
• Isifo sika-Addison
• Izifo ze-thyroid ezizikhuselayo emzimbeni (umz. isifo sikaHashimoto, isifo sikaGraves)
• Uhlobo loku-1 lweswekile
• I-Vitiligo

Zixhaphake kangakanani ezi meko?

Ngokwezibalo ezivela eMelika, kuqikelelwa ukuba malunga ne-15% yabemi bane-atrophic gastritis (AG) . Kuthiwa ukuxhaphaka kwe-AAG kusenokuba phakathi kwe-0.5% kunye ne-2%. Le meko ayinazo iingxaki eSri Lanka.

Ziziphi izizathu ezithile zokwenziwa kwe-EMAG?

Njengoko sele sixoxile, unobangela oyintloko we-EMAG kusulelo lwebhaktiriya ethi `H. pylori`. Le bhaktiriya inokwenzeka ukuba yosulelwe ebuntwaneni. Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo ezinokudluliselwa ngayo. Nazi:

• Ngokudibana ngqo nendle (indle).
• Ngokutya.
• Ngamathe.
• Ngokuhlanza.
• Ngamanzi.

Oko kuthetha ukuba kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhathalela ucoceko ukuze uhlale ukhuselekile kule ntsholongwane.

Zithini izizathu ze-AAG?

Okwenzekayo kwi-AAG kukuba ii-antibodies zomzimba wethu – uhlobo lweproteni esikhusela kwizifo – zihlasela iiseli zethu zesisu ezisempilweni.

Enye into kukuba, la ma-antibodies ngamanye amaxesha anokuhlasela iproteni ekhethekileyo ebizwa ngokuba yi-'Intrinsic factor' eveliswa ziiseli zethu zesisu. Le 'Intrinsic factor' yi- vitamin B12.Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba umzimba uyifunxe. Ngoko ke, ukuba i-'Intrinsic factor' ayikho, umzimba wethu awuyi kukwazi ukufunxa i-vitamin B12 ngokufanelekileyo. Oku kuya kuthintela umzimba ekubeni wenze iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ezisempilweni, nto leyo enokukhokelela kuhlobo oluthile lwe-anemia olubizwa ngokuba yi-'Pernicious anemia'. Xa i-vitamin B12 inganelanga, inokubangela nomonakalo wemithambo-luvo (neuropathy).

Zithini iimpawu ze-EMAG?

Iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba abanye abantu basenokungabi nazo naziphi na iimpawu nokuba bane-atrophic gastritis. Nangona kunjalo, xa i-EMAG ibangelwa lusulelo lwe-H. pylori, iimpawu ezifana nezi:

• Intlungu esiswini esingaphezulu.
• I-anemia yokunqongophala kwe-iron.
• Ukutya akunancasa.
• Isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza.
• Izilonda zesisu esiswini okanye emathunjini amancinci.
• Ukuba mncane ngaphandle kwesizathu.

Zithini iimpawu ze-AAG?

Njenge-EMAG, abanye abantu abane-AAG basenokungabi nazo naziphi na iimpawu. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba i-AAG ibangela ukunqongophala kwe-vitamin B12, iimpawu ezinxulumene ne-anemia kunye nomonakalo wemithambo-luvo zinokubakho. Iimpawu ziquka:

• Iintlungu zesifuba.
• Ukudinwa, ukuba buthathaka, ubuthathaka.
• Ukubetha kwentliziyo.
• Ukudideka kwengqondo, okufana nokuphambana kwengqondo.
• Isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza.
• Ulusu oluphaphathekileyo.
• Ukubetha kwentliziyo ngokukhawuleza.
• Isandi esivakalayo esivela ngaphakathi ezindlebeni (Tinnitus).
• Ukungaziva kakuhle kunye nokulahlekelwa yimvakalelo kwimilenze.

Ugqirha uyakwazi njani oku? (Ukuxilongwa)

Xa uxela iimpawu ezinje, ugqirha uza kuqala akubuze imibuzo aze enze uvavanyo lomzimba, kuquka nokuchukumisa isisu sakho ukuze abone ukuba kukho ukuthamba na.

Ukuba kurhanelwa ukuba i-gastritis ayisebenzi kakuhle, ugqirha unokucebisa ukuba kwenziwe uvavanyo lwegazi oluninzi, olufana nolu:

• Inani leeseli ezibomvu zegazi elisempilweni (amanqanaba aphantsi anokubangela i-anemia).
• Inqanaba lesinyithi.
• Iintlobo zee-antibodies (ingakumbi ukuba kukho i-AAG erhanelwayo).
• Amanqanaba eGastrin, ihormone enceda ekwenzeni iasidi yesisu.
• Amanqanaba e-'Pepsinogen', iproteni eveliswa ziiseli zesisu.
• Amanqanaba eVithamin B12.

Ukongeza, ugqirha angenza ne-endoscopy .

• Oku kuquka ukufaka ityhubhu encinci (i-endoscope) enekhamera enamathele emlonyeni wakho ukuze ujonge kakuhle ngaphakathi esiswini sakho. Ungakhathazeki, uza kulaliswa okanye unikwe ithomalaliso ngaphambi kwenkqubo, ukuze ungaziva ungonwabanga.
• Ngeli xesha, iqhekeza elincinci lesicwili elivela eludongeni lwesisu lingathathwa ukuze kwenziwe i-biopsy. Oku kunokuqinisekisa ukuba kukho i-atrophic gastritis kunye nokuba kukho i-bacteria H. pylori.
• Oku kunokujonga neethumba ezifana ne-"Neuroendocrine tumors - NETs" esithethe ngazo ngaphambili.

Zithini iindlela zonyango zoku?

Iindlela zonyango zixhomekeke ekubeni une-EMAG okanye i-AAG.

Unyango lwe-EMAG

• Ukuba kukho usulelo lwe-H. pylori, kunikwa amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane .
• Amayeza anciphisa i-asidi yesisu anganikwa.
• Kubalulekile nokujonga imeko ngokuhlolwa rhoqo kwe-endoscopy.

Unyango lwe-AAG

• Ukuba amanqanaba evithamini B12 aphantsi, kunokufuneka inaliti yevithamini B12 ukuze iwandise.
• Ukuba amanqanaba e-iron aphantsi, ukufakelwa i-iron ngemithambo yegazi kunokufakwa .

Ukuba ubona amaqhuma amancinci abizwa ngokuba yi-NETs ngexesha le-endoscopy, ugqirha wakho unokuwasusa ngaxeshanye. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-endoscopic mucosal resection. Njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, la maqhuma adla ngokuba angabi ngumhlaza (angabi nobungozi). Nangona kunjalo, licebo elihle ukuba ahlolwe rhoqo emva kweminyaka emibini.

Ungayinciphisa njani ingozi ye-atrophic gastritis (AG)?

Ukuze uphephe usulelo lwe-H. pylori, olunokubangela i-EMAG, kufuneka ulumke kakhulu malunga nococeko. Ingakumbi:

• Emva kokutshintsha inabukeni.
• Emva kokuya kwindlu yangasese.
• Ngaphambi kokutya.

Qiniseka ukuba uhlamba izandla zakho kakuhle ngesepha. Yenza umkhwa wokuhlamba izandla zakho rhoqo ebantwaneni bakho.

Nangona kunjalo, akukho nto sinokuyenza ukuthintela imeko yokuzikhusela komzimba ebizwa ngokuba yi-AAG ukuba ingenzeki. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuqaphela iimpawu zayo, ukufuna iingcebiso zonyango ngokukhawuleza ukuba kuyimfuneko, kunye nokujonga imeko.

Kwenzeka ntoni xa uhlala nale meko? (Outlook)

Nangona kungekho nyango lwe-atrophic gastritis, uninzi lwabantu lunokuphila ubomi obuqhelekileyo, obungenazo iimpawu. Abanye abantu banokufuna ukuthatha i-vitamin B12 okanye izongezo zesinyithi ubomi babo bonke.

Inani elincinci labantu abanale meko, abasengozini enkulu kancinci, badla ngokufuna ukuba kwenziwe i-endoscopy rhoqo emva kweminyaka emithathu ukuya kwemihlanu (endoscopic surveillance). Nangona kunjalo, nangona kukho umngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza wesisu phakathi kwaba bantu, uphantsi kakhulu. Abantu abanala maqhuqhuva abizwa ngokuba yi-NETs nabo banokufuna ukujongwa, kodwa badla ngokuba ngabangengomhlaza.

Ungazinyamekela njani ukuba une-EMAG?

Ukuba une-EMAG, ungenza ezi zinto ukunciphisa iingxaki:

• Ukuba uyatshaya, yeka ngokuqinisekileyo.
• Ziqhelise ukutya okunetyuwa (i-sodium) elawulwayo.
• Bona ingcali yezifo zesisu kwaye uhlole imeko yakho rhoqo .

Uzinyamekela njani ukuba une-AAG?

Ukuba awunayo i-vitamin B12 eyaneleyo, ungongeza ukutya okutyebileyo kwi-B12 ekutyeni kwakho. Umzekelo:

• Inyama yenkomo
• Iimbaza
• Amaqanda
• Iintlanzi ezinamafutha (ezifana nesalmon, i-mackerel, kunye ne-sardines)
• Iinkozo eziqinisiweyo
• Ubisi
• Iyogathi

Kwakhona, abantu abane-AAG ngokuqinisekileyo kufuneka baqhubeke bebona ugqirha wezifo zesisu ukuze ajonge imeko aze enze utshintsho olufunekayo kunyango.

Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya

I-Atrophic gastritis yimeko apho ulwelo lwesisu luba buthathaka kwaye luvuvuke. Kukho iintlobo ezimbini: i-EMAG, ebangelwa lusulelo lwe-H. pylori, kunye ne-AAG, ebangelwa yingxaki kwinkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela.

• Iimpawu azibonakali ngendlela efanayo kuye wonke umntu. Zingabandakanya izinto ezifana neentlungu zesisu, ukungabi namdla wokutya, kunye nokungabikho kwevithamini B12.
• Oku kunokuxilongwa ngokuchanekileyo kuphela ngovavanyo lwegazi kunye ne-endoscopy.
• Unyango luquka amayeza e-H. pylori, inaliti ye-vitamin B12, kunye ne-iron.
• Abantu abaninzi banokuphila ubomi obuqhelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlala unxibelelana nogqirha kwaye ufumane uvavanyo kunye nonyango olufunekayo.

Ukuba uneminye imibuzo malunga noku, okanye ukuba uziva ngathi unazo ezi mpawu, nceda ubone ugqirha ukuze akunike iingcebiso. Ungakhathazeki, kukho izisombululo kuyo yonke into!

I- Atrophic Gastritis, i-Atrophic Gastritis, ukudumba kwesisu, isisu, i-H. pylori, i-Vitamin B12, i-Anemia, i-Endoscopy, i-Gastritis