Ngaba wakha wacinga ngehlabathi elingenasandi? Ilizwi lomntu omthandayo, ingoma entle, ukuhleka kosana... Ubomi obungenasiva nto. Kunzima ukuyicinga, akunjalo? Kodwa, kwabanye abantu, le yinyaniso. Xa belahlekelwa kukuva ngokupheleleyo, oko kukuthi, xa belahlekelwa kukuva, balahlekelwa lunxibelelwano lwabo nehlabathi lesandi. Nangona kunjalo, ngokuhambela phambili kwesayensi yezonyango, ngoku kukho iteknoloji enokunika ithemba kubantu abanjalo. Yiloo nto siza kuthetha ngayo namhlanje.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni le Auditory Brainstem Implant (ABI)?
Le ikwayindlela yokuncedisa ukuva. Kodwa ayifani nesixhobo sokuncedisa ukuva oqhele ukuyibona endlebeni. Isixhobo sokufakelwa ingqondo esibizwa ngokuba yi-Auditory Brainstem Implant (ABI) sisixhobo esifakelwa emzimbeni ngotyando. Senzelwe ukunika umntu ongevayo ngokupheleleyo imvakalelo yesandi .
Oku kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba unobangela wokulahlekelwa kukuva yingxaki ye-cochlea (indlebe yangaphakathi) okanye yingxaki yomthambo wokuva. Oku kuthetha ukuba ukuba "indlela" ethwala imiqondiso yesandi esuka endlebeni ukuya ebuchotsheni yaphukile ngokupheleleyo, esi sixhobo siyayidlula loo ndlela yaphukileyo size sithumele imiqondiso ngqo kwinxalenye yengqondo enoxanduva lokuva (i-brainstem).
Iingenelo eziphambili umntu azifumanayo koku zezi:
- Ukukwazi ukuqaphela izandi ezikungqongileyo (umz. umntu othethayo, imoto isondela, njl.njl.).
- Amandla okuqonda into ethethwa ngumntu ngokubukela imilebe yakhe (ukufunda imilebe) ayakhula xa ethetha.
- Ngamanye amaxesha, unokubona izandi, uqonde amagama, kwanezivakalisi.
Injani le sixhobo se-ABI?
Esi sixhobo sineenxalenye ezimbini eziphambili: esinye sinxitywa ngaphandle komzimba, kunye nesinye esifakwe emzimbeni ngotyando.
1. Iprosesa: Le yinxalenye engaphandle komzimba wakho. Ibonakala njengesixhobo esincinci. Inxitywa phezu kwendlebe yakho okanye ecaleni kwentloko yakho. Isebenzisa imakrofoni ukufumana izandi ezikungqongileyo. Emva koko iguqula ezo zandi zibe ziimpawu zombane ize izithumele kwenye inxalenye efakwe phantsi kwesikhumba sakho. Ungayisusa le nxalenye yangaphandle ngelixa ulele.
2. I-Internal Implant: Le yinto oogqirha abayibeka emzimbeni ngotyando. Oku kukwaneenxalenye ezimbini:
- Isivuseleli-sivuseleli: Esi sifakwa phantsi kwesikhumba sentloko yakho. Sifumana imiqondiso evela kwiprosesa yangaphandle.
- I-electrode paddle: Imiqondiso evela kwi-receiver ithunyelwa ngqo kwiziko eliphambili lokuva lobuchopho, i-cochlear nucleus complex, kwi-brainstem, nge-electrode pad encinci.
Ngamafutshane, ithatha izandi ezivela ngaphandle ize izithumele ngaphakathi. Ingaphakathi lithumela ezo mpawu ngqo engqondweni.
Ingaba le ABI iyafana neCochlear Implant esihlala sisiva ngayo?
Hayi. Nangona zombini zizixhobo ezifakelwe ngotyando ezinceda ekuveni, indlela ezisebenza ngayo kunye nabantu ezihambelana nabo zahlukile. Cinga ngale ndlela: indlebe lisango, kwaye umthambo wokuva yindlela esuka esangweni ukuya ekhaya (ingqondo).
- I-cochlear implant isetyenziselwa abantu abanesango elilodwa kuphela (i-'cochlea' ngaphakathi kwendlebe) elaphukileyo, kodwa indlela yabo eya ekhaya (umthambo wokuva) iphelele. I-cochlear implant idlula isango elaphukileyo ize ithumele imiqondiso ngqo endleleni (umthambo wokuva).
- I-ABI isetyenziswa kuphela ngabantu abonzakeleyo kwisango (cochlea) nakwindlela (auditory nerve), okanye abangenandlela konke konke. Kwimeko enjalo, akukho sizathu sokuthumela imiqondiso endleleni. Into eyenziwa yi-ABI kukudlula isango nendlela ize ithumele imiqondiso ngqo endlwini (i-brainstem).
Lo mahluko uza kucaca ngakumbi kuwe xa ujonga le theyibhile ingezantsi.
| Uphawu | I-Cochlear Implant | Ukufakelwa kweNgqondo ye-Auditory (ABI) |
|---|---|---|
| Ifanelekile kubani? | Kwabo balahlekelwe kukuva ngenxa yengxaki yendlebe yangaphakathi (i-cochlea), kodwa abanemithambo-luvo yokuva esebenza kakuhle . | Kwabo banendlebe yangaphakathi (i-cochlea) okanye imithambo-luvo yokuva engasebenzi kakuhle okanye engekhoyo kwasekuzalweni. |
| Ingaba isebenza kanjani | Ivuselela ngokuthe ngqo umthambo wokuva, idlula indlebe yangaphakathi. | Ivuselela ngqo i-brainstem, idlula zombini indlebe yangaphakathi kunye ne-auditory nerve. |
| Ubunzima botyando | I-ABI ayinzima kangako njengotyando kwaye inokwenziwa rhoqo ngosuku olunye ngaphandle kokuhlala esibhedlele. | Utyando oluntsonkothileyo kakhulu. Ugqirha wengqondo kunye nogqirha weendlebe basebenzisana. Kuya kufuneka uhlale esibhedlele iintsuku ezininzi. |
Kubalulekile: Nangona abanye abantu benokucinga ukuba ukulahlekelwa kwabo kukuva kungenxa "yokuva ngemithambo-luvo," ingxaki isenokuba kwi-cochlea. Ngoko ke, musa ukuzenzela isigqibo sokuba i-Cochlear Implant ayifanelekanga kuwe. Qiniseka ukuba uqhagamshelana nogqirha we-Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT) ukuze akunike ingcebiso.
Ngubani ofanelekileyo kolu tyando lwe-ABI?
Le teknoloji yaqala ukuphuhliswa kubantu abane-genetic disorder ebizwa ngokuba yi-'Neurofibromatosis 2 (NF2).' Kwesi sifo, ii-tumor ziyakhula ecaleni kwe-auditory nerve. Utyando lokususa ezi tumor lunokonakalisa i-auditory nerve. Emva koko ziyalahlekelwa kukuva kuzo zombini iindlebe. Kwimeko enjalo, akukho sixhobo sokuncedisa ukuva okanye i-cochlear implant enokunceda. Yiyo loo nto i-ABI inceda kakhulu abantu abanjalo.
Kodwa ngoku, kungekuphela nje abo bane-NF2, kodwa kunye nabo banemithambo-luvo yokuva okanye indlebe yangaphakathi engasebenzi kakuhle ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi banokungenelwa kolu buchwepheshe. Umzekelo:
- Abantwana abancinci abazalwa benemithambo-luvo yokuva engekhoyo (`aplasia`) okanye abangakakhuli ngokupheleleyo (`hypoplasia`).
- Abantu abalahlekelwe kukuva ngenxa yezizathu ezifana nokukhubazeka kwimo yendlebe yangaphakathi (i-cochlea), uphuhliso olungaphelelanga (i-cochlear hypoplasia), ukungabikho kokwakheka kwamalungu (i-cochlea aplasia), okanye ukukhula kwamathambo (i-cochlear otosclerosis okanye i-cochlear ossification).
- Abo banengxaki yokulimala komthambo wokuva ngenxa yokwenzakala okukhulu entloko (umz. ukwaphuka kwamathambo okwethutyana).
- Kwabo bangevayo ngenxa yezinye izizathu kwaye abangevayo nangasiphi na esinye isixhobo.
Yintoni omele uyenze ngaphambi kotyando?
Ngenxa yokuba olu lutyando olukhulu, kuya kwenziwa uvavanyo oluninzi ukuze kufundwe kakuhle imeko yakho kwangaphambili.
- Uvavanyo lokuziphatha: Lulinganisa inqanaba lokuva kwakho.
- Uvavanyo lonxibelelwano: Ingcali yezifo zolwimi lokuthetha iya kuhlola izakhono zakho zolwimi kunye nendlela onxibelelana ngayo.
- Uvavanyo lwe-Electrophysiologic: Uvavanyo olukhethekileyo lwenziwa ukuze kuchongwe ukuba inkqubo yokuva yonakele phi kwaye kangakanani na.
- Uvavanyo lokufota: Olu luquka ii-CT scans kunye nee-MRI scans zokuvavanya indlebe yangaphakathi, imithambo-luvo yokuva, kunye nezakhiwo ezingqongileyo engqondweni.
- Imbali yezonyango: Ugqirha wakho uza kukubuza ngeemeko zakho zempilo kunye nembali yeengxaki zokuva.
Zithini iingenelo, iingozi, kunye neziphumo zolu tyando?
Xa sithetha ngale nto, kufuneka siqonde imeko yokwenyani.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba i-ABI ayizukukunika ukuva okuqhelekileyo. Kodwa iluncedo kakhulu ekudibaneni kwakhona nehlabathi lesandi.
Iingenelo:
Nangona iziphumo zahlukile kumntu nomntu, ngokubanzi, izinto ezifana nokubona intetho kunye nokufunda imilebe ziyaphucuka kakhulu. Ngokukodwa, uphando lubonise ukuba abantwana abenza olu tyando besebancinci (ngaphambi kokuba baphulukane nokuva ixesha elide) banamandla okuqonda amagama ngcono kunabantu abadala.
Iingozi kunye neengxaki:
Olu lutyando lobuchopho oluntsonkothileyo kakhulu, ngoko ke kukho iingozi ezithile. Nangona kunjalo, xa lwenziwa liqela loogqirha abanamava kolu hlobo lotyando, amathuba okuba neengxaki aphantsi kakhulu. Ugqirha wakho uza kukuchazela konke oku ngaphambi kotyando. Ezinye zeengxaki ezinokubakho zezi:
- Ukuvuza kolwelo lwe-cerebrospinal.
- Ukungaphumeleli kokufakelwa kwe-implant.
- Ukungakhululeki okubangelwa kukukhuthazwa kwemithambo-luvo ngaphandle kokuva.
- Izifo ezifana ne-meningitis.
- Ukonakala kwemithambo-luvo yobuso (`Ukukhubazeka kwemithambo-luvo yakho yobuso`).
- Usulelo lwenxeba lotyando.
Kwenzeka ntoni emva kotyando?
Kuya kufuneka uhlale esibhedlele iintsuku ezimbini ukuya kwezine emva kotyando. Ukuba wenze olu tyando ngaxeshanye nokususwa kwethumba le-NF2, ukuhlala kwakho esibhedlele kungathatha ixesha elide.
Nje ukuba isixhobo sifakwe, kuya kuthatha iiveki ezine ukuya kwezintandathu ukuba sisebenze. Emva koko, uya kuba neentlanganiso ezininzi nogqirha wakho we-audiologist. Ixesha ngalinye, isixhobo siya kucwangciswa ukuba sisebenzele wena. Le nkqubo iya kuqhubeka malunga nonyaka wokuqala.
Ufanele uye nini kugqirha wakho?
Emva kotyando, ukuba uqalisa ukuba nomkhuhlane okanye intlungu eqatha, kufuneka wazise ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko. Iqela lezonyango liza kukubeka esweni ngokusondeleyo ukuthintela iingxaki. Emva kotyando, kubaluleke kakhulu ukutyelela ingcali yakho yezandi ngeentsuku ezicwangcisiweyo ukuze ulungise useto lwesixhobo.
I-Auditory Brainstem Implant (ABI) ayilungelanga wonke umntu. Nangona kunjalo, kwabanye abantu abangenazo ezinye iindlela kwaye abangevayo ngokupheleleyo, inika ithuba elixabisekileyo lokuphinda badibane nehlabathi lesandi. Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokufumanisa ukuba oku kulungile kuwe okanye kumntu omaziyo kukuthetha nengcali.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Isixhobo sokufakelwa ingqondo esibizwa ngokuba yi-Auditory Brainstem Implant (ABI) sisixhobo esifakwe ngotyando esivumela abantu abenzakele kakhulu kwimithambo-luvo okanye indlebe yangaphakathi (cochlea) ukuba babone isandi.
- Oku kwahlukile kwiCochlear Implant. I-ABI ivuselela ngokuthe ngqo i-brainstem.
- Oku akuniki ukuva okuqhelekileyo, kodwa kunceda ekuqondeni izandi ezikufutshane, ukufunda imilebe, kunye nokuqaphela izandi.
- Olu lutyando oluntsonkothileyo kakhulu, kwaye kufuneka uxoxe ngezibonelelo kunye neengozi nogqirha wakho ngaphambi kokuba wenze isigqibo.
- Iziphumo ziyahluka kumntu nomntu, kwaye ukulungiswa kancinci kancinci kwesixhobo kunye nokuvuselelwa emva kotyando kubaluleke kakhulu.
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