Ngaba wakha walibona igama elithi 'Blasts' xa ujonga ingxelo yegazi lakho? Kuqhelekile ukuba uzive usoyika kwaye unomdla xa ulibona. Kuba eli gama lingaqhelekanga lithetha lukhulu ngempilo yethu. Ngoko ke namhlanje, masithethe ngezinto ezi ziBlasts Cells, indlela ezibaluleke ngayo emzimbeni wethu, kunye nokuba inani lazo elandayo libonisa ntoni. Ungakhathazeki, masiqonde oku ngokulula.
Zithini iiBlast Cells ngokulula?
Ngamafutshane, ii-blast cells "zii-baby cells" okanye ii-abgettious cells. Njengosana. Ezi zii-cells ezikhula kamva, oko kukuthi, zikhula, zibe ziintlobo ezahlukeneyo zee-cells ezifunekayo emizimbeni yethu. Kodwa ukuba ingxelo yakho yelebhu ikhankanya "ii-blasts," kusenokwenzeka ukuba ibhekisa kwii -abgettious blood cells . Iingcali ze-hematologists kunye neengcali ze-oncologists zijonga inani lezi-blast cells egazini lakho ukuze zenze izigqibo malunga nezifo ezahlukeneyo ezinxulumene negazi.
Yintoni umahluko phakathi kweeStem Cells kunye neeBlast Cells?
Oku kukwayinto edida abantu abaninzi. Cinga ngee-stem cells njenge-"original cell" eqala yonke into. Ifana ne-dump yodongwe. Singenza nantoni na ngaloo damp yodongwe, njengembiza, indebe, nantoni na. Yiyo leyo indlela ii-stem cells eziba ngayo. Zinokuba naluphi na uhlobo lwe-cell.
Ii-blast cells zezona nyathelo lilandelayo ekuphuhlisweni kwezi stem cells. Ngoku siqalile ukwenza imbiza ngaloo ngqumba yodongwe, kwaye ithatha imo. Ngoku asinakukwazi ukuyenza indebe kwakhona. Ngoko ke, i-blast cell yiseli eqale ukuhamba uhambo oluthile. Oko kukuthi, igqibe ekubeni yi-red blood cell, i-white blood cell, okanye i-platelet. Yiyo loo nto ii-blast cells zikwabizwa ngokuba "zii-precursor cells."
Umsebenzi weeseli eziqhumayo emzimbeni wethu kunye nendawo ezakhiwe kuyo
Iiseli eziqhumayo zisigaba esinye nje kwinkqubo yokwakheka kwegazi emizimbeni yethu. Le nkqubo yokwakheka kwegazi siyibiza ngokuba yi 'Hematopoiesis'. Oku kwenzeka kakhulu ngaphakathi komongo wethu wamathambo . Umongo wamathambo ufana nomzi-mveliso wokwenza igazi emzimbeni wethu.
Ngaphakathi kweli shishini, iseli eyintloko ye-stem ebizwa ngokuba yi-`Hematopoietic Stem Cell (HSC)` ivelisa iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili zeeseli zokuqhuma:
- I-Myeloblast: Ezi seli ziqhumayo ziyakhula kamva zibe ziiseli ezibomvu zegazi (ezithwala ioksijini), ezinye iintlobo zeeseli ezimhlophe zegazi (iigranulocytes - ezilwa nosulelo), kunye neeplatelets (ezinceda ukuqhekeka kwegazi).
- I-Lymphoblast: Ezi seli ziqhumayo kamva zikhula zibe zii-lymphocytes, olunye uhlobo olubalulekileyo lweseli emhlophe yegazi (inxalenye ebalulekileyo yenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela).
Into ebalulekileyo kukuba ezi "seli zosana," okanye iiseli eziqhumayo, kufuneka zihlale ngaphakathi kwifektri ebizwa ngokuba yi-bone marrow de zibe zivuthiwe ngokupheleleyo. Kuphela xa sele zivuthiwe ngokupheleleyo kwaye zilungele ukusebenza apho zingena khona egazini. Ngoko ke, ukuba ingxelo ithi kukho iiseli eziqhumayo kwisampulu yegazi lakho, oko kuthetha ukuba "iiseli zosana" ziphumile kwifektri. Oko kungaba luphawu lwengxaki.
Yintoni ebangela ukwanda kweeseli zokuqhuma?
Iiseli eziqhumayo kufuneka zenze ngaphantsi kwe-5% yenani lilonke leeseli ezikumongo wethambo lomntu ophilileyo. Kwakhona, akufuneki kubekho ziseli eziqhumayo egazini lomntu ophilileyo.
Ukuba unenani elandayo leeseli eziqhumayo kumongo wakho wethambo okanye egazini, oko kungaba luphawu lomhlaza wegazi ofana ne-leukemia, ingakumbi ukuba ezi seli zibonakala zingaqhelekanga xa zijongwa ngemakroskopu.
Ungakuqonda ngcono oku kwitheyibhile engezantsi.
| Imeko | Ipesenti yeSeli yokuqhuma | Ingcaciso elula |
|---|---|---|
| I-Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) | I-20% nangaphezulu kumongo wethambo okanye egazini | Lo ngumhlaza osasazeka ngokukhawuleza. Iiseli zokuqhuma ezingaqhelekanga (ii-myeloblasts) zizalisa umongo wethambo kwaye zithintele ukwakheka kweeseli zegazi ezisempilweni. |
| Isifo seMyelodysplastic (MDS) | Phakathi kwe-5% kunye ne-20% yomongo wethambo | Olu luhlobo lomhlaza wegazi. Iiseli eziqhumayo ziyafa ngaphakathi komongo wethambo zingavuthwanga kakuhle. Oku kubangela ukwehla kweeseli ezisempilweni kwaye kubangela iimeko ezifana ne-anemia. |
| I-Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) | Iyahluka ngokwesigaba:
| Lo ngumhlaza okhula ngokukhawuleza. Ubunzima besifo buxhomekeke kwipesenti yokuqhuma. Nantoni na engaphezulu kwama-20% inzima njenge-AML. |
| I-Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (YONKE) | I-20% okanye ngaphezulu yomongo wethambo | Olu lolona hlobo lomhlaza luxhaphakileyo ebantwaneni abancinci. Iiseli zokuqhuma ezingaqhelekanga (ii-lymphoblast) zikhula kakhulu kwaye zithatha indawo kumongo wethambo. |
Ngaba iiseli zokuqhuma zinganda ngaphandle kokubangela umhlaza?
Ewe, unako. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu. Ukwanda kweeseli eziqhumayo akuthethi ukuba kukho umhlaza. Ezinye izifo kunye nonyango olungengomhlaza nazo zinokubangela ukuba iiseli eziqhumayo zingene egazini okwethutyana.
- Izifo Ezinzima: Xa umzimba ufumana usulelo olunzima olufana ne-'Sepsis', umzimba wethu uqala ukuvelisa iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi ezininzi ukulwa nosulelo. Ngeli xesha, ezinye iiseli ezivuthulukayo zingangena egazini zisuka kumongo wethambo.
- Unyango lwe-G-CSF: Xa kusenziwa unyango lomhlaza olufana ne-chemotherapy, iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi ziyancipha. Ngelo xesha, kunikwa inaliti ebizwa ngokuba yi-`Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF)` ukuze kukhuthazwe ukuveliswa kweeseli ezimhlophe zegazi. Le naliti inokunyusa okwethutyana inani leeseli eziqhumayo egazini.
- Ukufakelwa kweeseli ze-stem: Emva kokufakelwa kweeseli ze-stem kwimeko ethile, inani leeseli eziqhumayo linokwanda ngexesha lenkqubo yokwenziwa kwegazi elitsha.
Kodwa into ebalulekileyo kukuba ezi seli zokuqhuma ezingezizo ezomhlaza zihlala zibonakala ziphilile phantsi kwemicroscope. Zingenza umsebenzi wazo xa zikhula. Kumhlaza, sibona iiseli zokuqhuma ezingaqhelekanga, ezimile kakubi.
Ujonga njani inqanaba le-blast cell?
Oogqirha basebenzisa iimvavanyo eziphambili ezininzi ukuze bafunde ngeeseli zokuqhuma.
- Ukutshiza igazi okujikeleze i-peripheral (PBS):Oku kuquka ukuthambisa ithontsi legazi lakho kwisilayidi seglasi uze ulijonge phantsi kwemakroskopu. Oku kukuvumela ukuba ufumane umbono ocacileyo wokuba kukho iiseli eziqhumayo egazini, ukuba zibukeka njani, kwaye ipesenti ingakanani.
- Uvavanyo lwe-bone marrow: Le yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokufumana ulwazi oluchanekileyo nolupheleleyo malunga nee-blast cells. I-bone marrow biopsy okanye i-aspiration ibandakanya ukuthatha inaliti encinci kwithambo elikhulu, njengethambo lesinqe, kunye nokuthatha isampuli ye-bone marrow. Emva koko ivavanywa kwilebhu ukuze kuchongwe ipesenti yee-blast cells kunye nohlobo lwazo oluchanekileyo.
- Ubalo lweGazi olupheleleyo (CBC): Oku kujonga inani leeseli zakho ezibomvu zegazi, iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi, kunye neeplatelet. Xa iiseli eziqhumayo zisanda, inani lezi seli ziphilileyo linokuncipha.
Ngoko ke, musa ukoyika ukuba ubona 'ukuqhuma' kwingxelo yakho. Kungaba luphawu lwento enzulu, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha kunokuba yimeko yexeshana. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuthetha nogqirha wakho ngayo kwaye ulandele icebiso lakhe. Uza kukuthumela kwingcali yegazi ukuba kuyimfuneko.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Iiseli eziqhumayo ziiseli zegazi "ezincinci" ezingavuthwanga. Azifumaneki egazini lomntu ophilileyo.
- Ipesenti ephezulu yeeseli eziqhumayo egazini okanye kumongo wethambo (ingakumbi ngaphezulu kwama-20%) inokuba luphawu oluphambili lomhlaza wegazi ofana ne-leukemia.
- Nangona kunjalo, usulelo olukhulu kunye nonyango oluthile lunokunyusa okwethutyana inani leeseli zokuqhuma.
- Ukuba ubona igama elithi 'ukuqhuma' kwingxelo yegazi lakho, ungoyiki kwaye udibane nogqirha wakho ngoko nangoko ukuze uxoxe ngalo. Ngugqirha kuphela onokukunika uxilongo oluchanekileyo kunye nesikhokelo.
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