Ngaba unengxaki yokuva? Okanye ngaba kukho umntu omaziyo onengxaki efanayo? Kwiimeko ezininzi, isisombululo esisaziyo sonke kukusebenzisa isixhobo sokuncedisa ukuva. Kodwa ubusazi na ukuba ayingabo bonke abantu abafanelekileyo kwezi zixhobo zokuncedisa ukuva? Abanye abantu abanakuzisebenzisa ezi zixhobo zifakwa endlebeni ngenxa yosulelo lwendlebe, iziphene ezithile zokuzalwa, okanye ezinye iimeko zonyango. Namhlanje, siza kuthetha ngetekhnoloji eyahlukileyo kancinci eye yanceda abantu abanjalo. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yiBAHA (Bone-Anchored Hearing Aid) .
Kalula nje, yintoni iBAHA?
Kulungile, masiqale sijonge indlela esebenza ngayo le nto. Into eqhelekileyo eyenziwa sisixhobo sokuncedisa ukuva kukwandisa isandi esivela ngaphandle size sisithumele nge-eardrum yethu siye endlebeni ephakathi nakwindlebe yangaphakathi. Oko kukuthi, sihamba ngendlela efanayo nesandi esihlala sihamba ngayo.
Kodwa isixhobo se-BAHA sahlukile ngokupheleleyo. Sisixhobo esifakwe ngotyando kwithambo lekhakayi . Sikwenza oku ngokungcangcazela amaza esandi ngqo ngamathambo ekhakayi lakho size siwathumele kwi-cochlea, eyona ndawo iphambili yendlebe engaphakathi enoxanduva lokuva. Ngokuchanekileyo, sidlula kwindlela eqhelekileyo yesandi kwaye sithumela isandi ngqo endlebeni engaphakathi ngendlela emfutshane. Abanye abantu basibiza ngokuba yi-'Bone-Anchored Hearing Implant (BAI)'. Omabini la magama abhekisa kwisixhobo esinye.
Isixhobo seBAHA ngokubanzi siqulathe iinxalenye ezintathu:
- I-Titanium implant: Le yintsimbi encinci efakwa ngotyando kwithambo lekhakayi.
- Isixhumi/Isixhumi sangaphandle: Le yinxalenye eqhagamshelwe kwi-implant kwaye ibonakala kancinci eluswini.
- Iprosesa yesandi: Le yinxalenye ebamba izandi ezivela ngaphandle, iziguqule zibe ziintshukumo, ize izithumele emathanjeni ngesixhobo sokudibanisa. Singasusa size siphinde sidibanise oku nangaliphi na ixesha.
Ziziphi iintlobo eziphambili zeBAHA?
Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili zeenkqubo zokuva ezihambisa amathambo. Ugqirha wakho uza kucebisa uhlobo olulungele wena ngokusekwe kwiminyaka yakho, imeko yakho yempilo, kunye nezinto ozithandayo.
| Uhlobo lweBAHA | Inkcazo |
|---|---|
| I-BAHA (Ingafakelwa ngotyando) | Le yeyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo. Ugqirha ufaka i-titanium implant encinci kwithambo elingasemva kwendlebe yakho. Nje ukuba iphole, iprosesa yesandi yangaphandle inganxitywa kuyo ukuze inike ukuva. Le nxalenye yangaphandle ingasuswa xa ulele okanye uhlamba. |
| Izixhobo Zokuva Ezingasebenzisi Utyando Lokuhambisa Amathambo ( BCHA ) | Ezi zihlala zicetyiswa kubantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-5 ubudala nakwabo bangafuni utyando. Ezinye izixhobo zinokuncamathiselwa ngqo eluswini ngeglu. Ezinye zinokunamatheliswa entloko kwaye zinxitywe xa kufuneka. Ungazama le ndlela ngaphambi kokuba wenze utyando ukuze ufumane umbono weziphumo. |
Ingcali ye-otolaryngologist (ENT) kunye nengcali ye-audiologist baya kukunceda ukhethe ukuba zeziphi kwezi ndlela zilungele wena.
Ngubani ofanelekileyo kwesi sixhobo seBAHA?
Ayinguye wonke umntu oza kuyidinga le nto, kodwa iluncedo ngakumbi kwabo banengxaki yokuva.
Ngamafutshane, ukuba indlebe yakho yangaphakathi isebenza kakuhle, kodwa kukho ukuphazamiseka kwindlela isandi esiphuma ngayo endlebeni yangaphandle siye endlebeni yangaphakathi, i-BAHA ingaba sisisombululo esihle kakhulu.
Kukho iimeko ezimbini eziphambili ezifanelekileyo koku:
- Ukulahlekelwa kukuva okubangelwa kukuhamba okanye ukudibana: Le yingxaki apho isandi singadluli kakuhle endlebeni.
- Ukungaziva cala linye: Oku kuthetha ukuba enye indlebe inokuva kakuhle ngelixa enye indlebe inokuva kancinci kakhulu okanye ingava kwaphela.
Ezinye zeemeko zempilo ezinokubangela ukulahlekelwa kukuva ziquka:
- Usulelo olungapheliyo lwendlebe ephakathi
- I-Cholesteatoma
- I-acoustic neuroma
- Isifo sikaMénière
- I-Aural atresia (ukungaphumeleli kokuzalwa kwendlebe yangaphandle okanye ephakathi ukuphuhlisa ngokufanelekileyo)
Ukuba unesi sifo esifanayo, ungathetha nogqirha wakho uze uthunyelwe kwingcali yendlebe, impumlo nomqala ukuze kuxoxwe ngakumbi ngale nto.
Lwenziwa njani utyando?
Le yinkqubo elula kakhulu edla ngokuthatha imizuzu engama-30 ukuya kwengama-60 . Nazi ezinye izinto ezenzekayo ngexesha lenkqubo:
1.I-Anesthesia: Uza kunikwa i-anesthesia ukuze ungeva ntlungu. Isenokuba yeyasekuhlaleni okanye ngokubanzi.
2. Ukusikwa okuncinci: Kusikwa okuncinci kakhulu eluswini olusemva kwendlebe.
3. Umngxuma ethanjeni: Kwenziwa umngxuma omncinci kwithambo le-'mastoid', eliyinxalenye yekhakayi emva kwendlebe.
4. Ukufakela i-implant: I-implant encinci ye-titanium, malunga ne- 3-4 milimitha (malunga nesiqingatha sobukhulu be-pea), ifakwe ethanjeni.
5. Ukuncamathisela i-abument: I-abument yangaphandle incamathiselwe kwi-implant. Oku kuya kubonakala kancinci xa ulusu lupholile.
6. Ukugquma: Inxeba liyavalwa, ligqunywe, kwaye kufakwa ibhandeji elicocekileyo.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo emva kotyando yinkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yi -osseointegration . Ngamafutshane, kulapho ithambo lakho likhula khona ngokwemvelo lijikeleze i-titanium implant, kwaye zombini zidibene ngokuqinileyo njengenye. Le nkqubo ingathatha naphi na ukusuka kwinyanga enye ukuya kwezintathu ukugqitywa. Emva kweli xesha, iprosesa yesandi yangaphandle ifakwa kwaye ilungelelaniswe nokuva kwakho.
Zithini iingenelo kunye neengxaki zeBAHA?
Njengalo naluphi na unyango lwezonyango, olu lunezibonelelo kunye neengxaki.
| Iingcali | Iingxaki |
|---|---|
| Intuthuzelo: Ikhululekile kakhulu kuba akukho mfuneko yokufaka nantoni na endlebeni njengezixhobo zokuva eziqhelekileyo. Ingozi encinci ye-allergies yesikhumba. | Kudinga utyando: Eyona nto imbi kukuba oku kufuna utyando. Nangona olu lutyando oluncinci, kukho iingozi ezithile ngalo naluphi na utyando. |
| Umgangatho wesandi ophezulu: Ngenxa yokuba isandi siya ngqo ethanjeni ngaphandle kokudlula eluswini, umgangatho wesandi uphezulu kakhulu. | Iingozi zotyando: Nangona kunqabile kakhulu, usulelo, ukudumba, okanye ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-implant. |
| Ubuchule bokuqikelela iziphumo: Ngaphambi kotyando, ungazama i-BCHA engeyoyotyando uze ufumane umbono wokuba iziphumo ziya kuba yintoni. | Ukulimala entloko: Ukuba umntu one-implant ufumana ukubethwa okunzima entloko, kukho umngcipheko wokosuleleka okanye umonakalo kwi-implant. Ke ngoko, kubaluleke kakhulu ukunxiba isigcina-ntloko xa ukhwela iibhayisekile, iibhayisekile, naxa udlala imidlalo yokuchukumisa. |
Ufanele ubone ugqirha nini emva kotyando
Kwiintsuku ezimbalwa zokuqala emva kotyando (iintsuku ezi-3-7), unokufumana iintlungu kunye nokubomvu kwindawo efakelweyo. Oku kuqhelekile. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ufumana naziphi na kwezi mpawu zilandelayo, kufuneka uqhagamshelane nogqirha wakho ngoko nangoko .
- Ulwelo olufana nobovu, ukudumba, okanye iimpawu zosulelo kwindawo yokufakelwa.
- Intlungu ebuhlungu yendlebe engapheliyo nokuba sele usele amayeza.
- Umkhuhlane onobushushu bomzimba obungaphezulu kwama-38.3 degrees Celsius (101 Fahrenheit).
Ngaba i-BAHA kunye ne-Cochlear Implant ziyafana?
Le yinto edida abantu abaninzi. Nangona zombini zizixhobo zokuva, ziyasebenza kwaye zifanelekile kwiimeko ezimbini ezahlukeneyo ngokupheleleyo.
- BAHA: Oku kusebenza ngokuthumela isandi esidlula emathanjeni entloko ukuya kwindlebe yangaphakathi esebenza kakuhle (i-cochlea) . Oku kuthetha ukuba ifanelekile kubantu abangenazo iingxaki ngendlebe yabo yangaphakathi.
- I-Cochlear Implant: Oku kuthintela ngokupheleleyo indlebe yangaphakathi eyonakeleyo okanye engasebenzi kakuhle kwaye kuvuselela ngokuthe ngqo umthambo wokuva.
Ngamafutshane, iBAHA ifana nebhulorho enceda ukuhamba kwesandi ukuya endlebeni engaphakathi. Kodwa iCochlear Implant yinkqubo ethumela imiqondiso yombane ngqo kwimithambo-luvo eya engqondweni yomntu onendlebe engaphakathi engasebenziyo.
Ukulahlekelwa kukuva kunokuba nefuthe elikhulu ebomini bakho. Kunokuba yinto ecaphukisayo nebangela uxinezeleko. Ingakumbi xa izixhobo zokuva eziqhelekileyo zingasebenzi. I-BAHA yiteknoloji yezonyango enokubuyisela ukuva kubantu abaneemeko ezithile, kunye nezinga eliphezulu lempumelelo (ngaphezulu kwe-90%). Ukuba ufuna ukwazi okungakumbi ngale nto, ungathetha nogqirha wakho uze ubone ukuba uyafaneleka na.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-BAHA (Bone-Anchored Hearing Aid) sisisombululo esihle kubantu abaneengxaki ezithile zokuva abangafanelaniyo nezixhobo zokuva eziqhelekileyo.
- Le yindlela yokudlulisa isandi endlebeni engaphakathi ngokungcangcazela emathanjeni entloko, idlula indlela eqhelekileyo yesandi endlebeni.
- Oku kufuna utyando oluncinci, kodwa lunyango oluphumelele kakhulu nolukhuselekileyo.
- Ukuba unengxaki yokuva, kubalulekile ukuxoxa nengcali yendlebe, impumlo, nomqala (ENT) ukuze ubone ukuba olu nyango lukulungele na.
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