Ngaba uneqhuma ethanjeni lakho? Okanye ngaba unentlungu eba mandundu yonke imihla ize ikuvuse ebusuku? Usenokucinga ukuba kukukruquka nje, ukudumba, okanye "iintlungu zokukhula." Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha ezi zinto zinokuba luphawu lwento enzulu ngakumbi, njengomhlaza wamathambo. Kuqhelekile ukuziva usoyika xa usiva igama elithi "umhlaza." Kodwa ungakhathazeki. Masithethe ngayo yonke into ngokulula, nganye nganye.
Yintoni kanye kanye i-Bone Cancer?
Ngamafutshane, igama elithi "umhlaza wamathambo" ligama eliqhelekileyo leentlobo ezahlukeneyo zomhlaza eziqala emathanjeni ethu. Xa iiseli zomhlaza ziqala ukukhula kwelinye lamathambo ethu, ezo seli ziqala kancinci ukutshabalalisa izicubu zamathambo ezisempilweni. Nangona ezi mhlaza zinokukhula nakweyiphi na ithambo emzimbeni, zihlala zifumaneka kwithambo lethanga, ithambo lesifuba, okanye amathambo engalo ephezulu.
Kukho into ebalulekileyo ekufuneka siyiqonde apha: Kukho iintlobo ezimbini zomhlaza.
1. IiCancers zeBone eziPhambili: Ezi ziiCancers eziqala emathanjeni. Yiyo loo nto sizibiza ngokuba yi-`(Bone Sarcomas)`.
2. IiMetastases: Oku kwahlukile kancinci. Khawucinge ngomhlaza osebeleni, kwiprostate, okanye emiphungeni, kwaye iiseli zawo zihamba ngegazi ziye emathanjeni zize ziqale ukukhula apho. Kufana nengxaki kwenye indlu eza endlwini yethu. Oku sikubiza ngokuba yi "bone metastases." Enyanisweni, uninzi lwemimhlaza ebonwa emathanjeni yimihlaba evela kwezinye iindawo.
Umhlaza wamathambo asinto esifanele siyithathe lula, kwaye yimeko efuna unyango olukhawulezileyo. Kodwa iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba namhlanje, oogqirha bayakwazi ukulawula kwaye, kwezinye iimeko, banyange ngokupheleleyo le mihlaza.
Ziziphi iintlobo eziphambili zomhlaza wamathambo?
Kukho iintlobo ezintathu eziphambili zomhlaza wamathambo oyintloko. Ezi zahlulwe ngokweentlobo zeeseli kunye nezicubu umhlaza oqala kuzo. Makhe sijonge ukuba zeziphi.
| Uhlobo lomhlaza | Ngamafutshane nje... |
|---|---|
| I-Osteosarcoma | Olu lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lomhlaza wamathambo. Uqala kwiiseli ezenza izicubu ezintsha zamathambo. Uqheleke kakhulu kulutsha nakubantu abadala abancinci . Kodwa unokukhula nakubantwana nakubantu abadala abancinci. |
| I-Ewing Sarcoma | Lo mhlaza ungakhula emathanjeni nakwizicwili ezithambileyo eziwajikelezileyo. Ukwaxhaphake kakhulu ebantwaneni nakubantu abakwishumi elivisayo . |
| I-Chondrosarcoma | Ezi cancer ziqala kwi-cartilage, izicubu ezithambileyo ezinceda amalungu ethu kunye namathambo ethu ukuba ashukume. Olu hlobo lolona luxhaphakileyo kubantu abadala . |
Ukongeza kwezi ntlobo zintathu ziphambili, kukho nezinye iintlobo ezininzi ezingaqhelekanga zomhlaza wamathambo:
- I-Chordoma: Ezi zenzeka emgogodleni okanye emazantsi entloko.
- I-Fibrosarcoma: Iqala kwizicubu ezidityanisiweyo ezinemicu ekupheleni kwamathambo.
- Ii-giant cell tumors: Ezi zii-tumors ezingezizo ezomhlaza (ezingenobungozi), kodwa azinakuba ngumhlaza rhoqo.
- I-Undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma: Olu luhlobo lomhlaza osasazeka ngokukhawuleza oqala kwizicubu ezithambileyo kunye namathambo.
Ingaba umhlaza wamathambo uqhelekile?
Hayi. Umhlaza wamathambo awuqhelekanga . Ubangela ngaphantsi kwe-1% yazo zonke iintlobo zomhlaza ezixeliweyo kwihlabathi liphela. Nangona unokwenzeka nakweyiphi na iminyaka, uxhaphake kakhulu ebantwaneni, kubantu abaselula, nakubantu abadala.
Into ebalulekileyo kukuba ukuba kuvela iqhuma ethanjeni lakho, kusenokwenzeka ukuba liqhuma elingenabungozi, elingelona umhlaza. La maqhuma angenabungozi awasasazeki emzimbeni wonke njengomhlaza.
Qaphela ezi mpawu.
Abanye abantu abanomhlaza wamathambo basenokungabi nazimpawu ngaphandle kweqhubu elingenabuhlungu. Kodwa abanye banokuba neempawu ezahlukeneyo. Ngamanye amaxesha ezi mpawu zinokubhidaniswa nezinye iimeko, ezifana "neentlungu zokukhula," ukwenzakala kwezemidlalo, okanye isifo samathambo. Oku kunokulibazisa ukuxilongwa.
Nazi iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zomhlaza wamathambo:
| Uphawu | Inkcazo ngayo |
|---|---|
| Intlungu yethambo | Intlungu eyanda kancinci kancinci kwaye ingapheli. Intlungu inzima kakhulu ebusuku . Abanye abantu banokuziva berhawuzelelwa okanye bebuhlungu kakhulu emathanjeni. |
| Iqhuma okanye ukudumba | Usenokuva iqhuma esandleni sakho apho kukho khona intlungu. Usenokubona nokudumba ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacileyo. |
| Ubunzima bokuhamba | Ukuba ukudumba kukufutshane nelungu, kunokuba nzima ukugoba okanye ukolula elo lungu. |
| Ezinye iimpawu | Ukudinwa okungachazekiyo, iintlungu zomzimba, kunye nomkhuhlane. |
Kutheni le nto lo mhlaza wamathambo uvela? Zithini izinto ezibangela umngcipheko?
Iingcali azikayazi eyona nto ibangela umhlaza wamathambo. Kodwa njengezinye iintlobo zomhlaza, ubangelwa yingxaki ye-DNA, inkqubo yokulawula kwiiseli zethu. Iiseli emva koko zahlukana kwaye zande ngokungalawulekiyo, zenze iqhuma (ithumba). Ukuba azinyangwa, ezi seli zomhlaza zinokusasazeka ziye kwezinye iindawo zomzimba.
Abaphandi bafumanise unxibelelwano phakathi komhlaza wamathambo kunye nezinye izinto ezininzi. Ezi zibizwa ngokuba zizinto ezinobungozi.
- Unyango lomhlaza lwangaphambili: Ukuba ukhe wafumana unyango lwe-radiation okanye amayeza athile e-chemotherapy njengonyango lomnye umhlaza, umngcipheko wakho wokuba nomhlaza wamathambo kwixesha elizayo unokwanda kancinci.
- Izinto ezibangela ufuzo:Ezinye izifo zemfuza ezingaqhelekanga kakhulu, ezizuzwe njengelifa (umzekelo, i-Li-Fraumeni syndrome) zinokunyusa umngcipheko womhlaza wamathambo.
- Ezinye izifo zamathambo ezingezizo ezomhlaza: Ezinye izifo zamathambo ezingezizo ezomhlaza, umzekelo, isifo sePaget sethambo, azinakuguquka zibe ngumhlaza.
Kodwa khumbula, uninzi lwabantu abafumana umhlaza wamathambo abanazo izinto ezibangela umngcipheko . Oku kuthetha ukuba oku kwenzeka rhoqo ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacileyo.
Ugqirha uyifumana njani le nto?
Ukuba ukrokrela ukuba unomhlaza wamathambo, ugqirha wakho uya kuqala athathe i-X-ray ukuze ajonge amathambo akho. Emva koko, banokuyalela i-MRI okanye i-CT scan ukuze bafumane imifanekiso ecacileyo neneenkcukacha ezithe vetshe yezicubu ezijikeleze amathambo akho.
Ukuqinisekisa isifo, kufuneka i-biopsy . Oku kuquka ukuthatha iqhekeza elincinci kakhulu lesicubu esiphuma kwiqhubu uze ulihlolisise phantsi kwe-microscope. I-biopsy inokubonelela ngolwazi oluninzi olubalulekileyo, njengohlobo lomhlaza kunye nokuba usasazeka ngokukhawuleza kangakanani. Ngokusekelwe kolu lwazi, ugqirha uya kugqiba ukuba loluphi unyango olulungele wena.
Ifunyanwa njani inqanaba lomhlaza?
Uvavanyo lomhlaza yindlela esetyenziselwa ukufumanisa ukuba umhlaza ufumaneka kwindawo ethile okanye usasazeke emzimbeni wonke. Ikwajonga indlela iiseli zomhlaza ezahluke ngayo kwiiseli eziqhelekileyo (udidi). Oku kunokunika umbono wokuba umhlaza usasazeka ngokukhawuleza kangakanani. Kukho iindlela ezimbini eziphambili ezisetyenziswayo ukufumanisa inqanaba lomhlaza wamathambo.
| Ukuhlelwa kwenqanaba lomhlaza (iNkqubo ye-AJCC) | |
|---|---|
| Iqonga | Intsingiselo |
| Inqanaba loku-1 | Umhlaza awukho kwinqanaba eliphantsi kwaye awukasasazeki. |
| Inqanaba lesi-2 | Umhlaza awukasasazeka, kodwa usezingeni eliphezulu, nto leyo ethetha ukuba ungasasazeka ngokukhawuleza. |
| Inqanaba lesi-3 | Lo mhlaza uphezulu kwaye usasazeke nakwezinye iindawo zethambo apho waqala khona. |
| Inqanaba lesi-4 | Umhlaza usasazeke ngaphaya kwethambo uye kwezinye iindawo zomzimba, ezifana nemiphunga okanye isibindi. |
Zithini iindlela zonyango zoku?
Unyango oluphambili lomhlaza wamathambo kukususa ngokupheleleyo iqhuma elinomhlaza ngotyando.
- Utyando: Ngeteknoloji yanamhlanje, utyando lokunciphisa amalungu ludla ngokwenziwa. Kule nkqubo, ugqirha ususa kuphela ithumba elinomhlaza kunye nenani elincinci lezicubu eziphilileyo ezijikeleze lona. Emva koko ithambo lithathelwa indawo yi-graft yethambo yokwenziwa okanye i-graft yethambo yokwenyani evela kwenye indawo yomzimba.
Nangona kunjalo, kwezinye iimeko, ingalo okanye umlenze wonke kufuneka ususwe ukuze kulawulwe umhlaza. Kwimeko enjalo, ingalo okanye umlenze wokufakelwa ufakwa emva kotyando. Iiprosthetics zanamhlanje ziphucuke kakhulu. Ngenxa yoko, abantu abaninzi bayakwazi ukuphila ubomi obuqhelekileyo, njengoko babesenza ngaphambi kotyando.
Ukongeza kotyando, kukho nezinye iindlela zonyango.
- Unyango lweMisebe: Olu nyango lusebenzisa imitha enamandla aphezulu ukutshabalalisa iiseli zomhlaza. Olu nyango lusetyenziselwa ukunciphisa ithumba ngaphambi kotyando okanye ukutshabalalisa naziphi na iiseli zomhlaza eziseleyo emva kotyando.
- Unyango lweKhemotherapy: Oku kubandakanya ukufaka amayeza anamandla emzimbeni abulala iiseli zomhlaza. Olu nyango lubaluleke kakhulu ngaphambi kotyando ukulawula ukusasazeka komhlaza, kwaye emva kotyando ukubulala naziphi na iiseli zomhlaza eziseleyo emzimbeni kunye nokuthintela umhlaza ukuba ungabuyi.
Kwenzeka ntoni emva konyango? Kuza kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuze umntu aphile?
Uninzi lwexesha, iintlungu ezibangelwa ngumhlaza ziyaphela ngokukhawuleza emva kokuba unyango luqalile. Nangona kunjalo, unyango lunokuba nemiphumo emibi, kwaye lungathatha ixesha ukuphola.
Kuthatha malunga neenyanga ezintandathu zonyango lomzimba ukuze uqhele umlenze ofakelweyo. Nokuba unqunyulwe ilungu, kungathatha malunga nonyaka ukuqhelana ngokupheleleyo nethambo elitsha elisandul’ ukwenziwa.
Enyanisweni, ixesha elithathayo ukuze uphile lixhomekeke kuhlobo lomhlaza, inqanaba, kunye nonyango olufumanayo. Ugqirha wakho uza kukuchazela konke oku.
Unyango lomhlaza wamathambo ludla ngokuba yimpumelelo. Kwiimeko ezininzi, umhlaza awubuyi. Nangona kunjalo, unokufuna utyando olungaphezulu kolunye.
Abantu abaneentlobo ezithile zomhlaza ezisasazeka ngokukhawuleza banokufuna ukuqhubeka befumana i-radiation okanye i-chemotherapy ukulawula umhlaza. Ngoko ke amava abo bonke abantu awafani. Ugqirha wakho uza kukuchazela ukuba i-prognosis isekelwe kwimeko yakho.
Ngaba oku kungathintelwa? Ndingambona nini ugqirha?
Ekubeni unobangela ochanekileyo womhlaza wamathambo ungaziwa, okwangoku akukho ndlela yokuwuthintela.
Kodwa eyona nto ibalulekileyo onokuyenza kukubona ugqirha ngoko nangoko ukuba ubona naluphi na utshintsho olungaqhelekanga emathanjeni akho, njengeqhuma elitsha, ukudumba, okanye intlungu engapheliyo. Ingakumbi ukuba umntwana wakho uneqhuma okanye ukudumba, ngokuqinisekileyo kufuneka umbonise ugqirha. Ukuba nje unale mpawu akuthethi ukuba ngumhlaza. Kodwa ngugqirha kuphela onokufumanisa ukuba yintoni kanye kanye ebangela loo nto.
Nokuba emva konyango, ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kufuneka uye kwiikliniki (iintlanganiso zokulandelelana) ngeentsuku ezichazwe ngugqirha. Kuya kufuneka uye rhoqo kwiinyanga ezintathu kwiminyaka emibini yokuqala. Oku kuya kukuvumela ukuba uchonge umhlaza kwangethuba kwaye uqale unyango ukuba luphinda lubuye.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Ukuba wena okanye umntwana wakho unentlungu engapheliyo, ukudumba, okanye iqhuma kwelinye lamathambo akhe, musa ukulibazisa ngokuba "yinto nje encinci." Bonana nogqirha ngoko nangoko.
- Umhlaza wamathambo sisifo esingaqhelekanga. Asikuko konke ukudumba okwenziwa ethanjeni okubangela umhlaza.
- Nangona esi sifo sibi kakhulu, ukuba sifunyenwe kwangethuba kwaye kuqaliswe unyango olufanelekileyo , sinokulawulwa ngempumelelo kwaye sinyangeke.
- Namhlanje, kukho iindlela zonyango eziphambili neziphumelelayo ezifana notyando, unyango lwemitha, kunye ne-chemotherapy.
- Kuqhelekile ukuba noloyiko xa ufumanisa ukuba unomhlaza. Kodwa awuwedwa. Thetha ngokukhululekileyo nogqirha wakho malunga nezinto ezikuxhalabisayo nezoyikisayo.
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