Ngaba wakha wacinga ukuba inxalenye encinci yomzimba wakho ingasindisa ubomi bomntu wonke? Kufana nento yeqhawe, akunjalo? Yiloo nto ukunikela ngomongo wethambo. Mhlawumbi ukhe weva ngayo, okanye mhlawumbi uyibonile kwimuvi. Kodwa abantu abaninzi bayayoyika kancinci, abaqondi kakuhle ngayo. Ngoko ke namhlanje siza kuthetha ngayo ngokulula, ngendlela onokuyiqonda.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni ukunikela ngomongo wethambo?
Ukunikela ngomongo wethambo yinkqubo yokuthatha inxalenye yomongo wethambo, oko kukuthi, iiseli ze-stem, kumntu ophilileyo uze uyinike umntu onesifo segazi. Oku kukwabizwa ngokuba yi-"bone marrow harvesting".
Cinga ngale ndlela, ngaphakathi kwamathambo amakhulu omzimba wethu, njengethambo lesinqe kunye ne-sternum, kukho izicubu ezithambileyo ezifana nesiponji. Yiloo nto siyibiza ngokuba yi- bone marrow. Le yi-'fektri' yomzimba wethu yokwenza igazi. Iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ozidingayo ukuze uphile, iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi ezikukhusela kwizifo, iiplatelets ezinceda ekuvaleni igazi xa uphuma igazi, zonke ezi zenziwe luhlobo oluhle lweseli ngaphakathi kwale bone marrow. Sizibiza ngokuba ziiseli ze-stem .
Ngoku, xa abanye abantu befumana umhlaza wegazi ofana ne-leukemia okanye i-aplastic anemia, 'ifektri yabo yokwenza igazi' iyeka ukusebenza kakuhle. Ngelo xesha, xa ezi seli ze-stem ezithathwe kumongo wethambo lomntu ophilileyo zinikwa loo mguli, ezo seli ziyahamba ziye kuhlala kumongo wethambo lomguli zize ziqale ukwenza igazi elitsha neliphilileyo. Kufana nokususa umatshini ophukileyo nokufaka umatshini omtsha ukuze uqalise kwakhona umzi-mveliso.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba umntu onikela ngomongo wethambo azive ntlungu ngeli xesha, kuba kwenziwa phantsi kwe-anesthesia eqhelekileyo.
Kutheni abanye abantu bedinga ukufakelwa umongo wethambo?
Njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, esi sidingo sivela xa umongo womntu ungasebenzi kakuhle okanye uvelisa iiseli ezinesifo. Unyaka ngamnye, amawaka abantu afumana izifo ezinokunyangwa ngokufakelwa umongo. Ukufakelwa umongo wethambo kwenziwa ikakhulu kwezi meko zilandelayo:
- Umhlaza okhula egazini (umz. i-leukemia, i-lymphoma (i-non-Hodgkin lymphoma))
- Izifo apho umongo wethambo ungasebenzi kakuhle (umz. i-aplastic anemia)
- Ezinye izifo zegazi ezizuzwa njengelifa (umz. i-thalassemia)
- Ubuthathaka benkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela
Kwisigulane esinje, ukufumana umongo omtsha nophilileyo kufana nokufumana ubomi besibini.
Umngeni omkhulu: Ukufumana umntu ofanelekileyo!
Eyona ngxaki inkulu apha kukufumana umntu ofanelekileyo kumguli.Ukufumana umntu onikela ngethambo lomongo. Ndingawujonga njani lo mlinganiso?
Khawuthelekelele ukuba yonke iseli emzimbeni wethu inekhadi lobunikazi. Le yinto esiyibiza ngokwezonyango ngokuba yi-HLA (Human Leukocyte Antigens) . Ezi luhlobo olukhethekileyo lweproteni efumaneka egazini lethu. Ngoku, ukuze kufakwe umongo wethambo komnye umntu, amakhadi obunikazi, okanye iintlobo ze-'HLA', zomnikeli kunye nommkeli kufuneka zifane kangangoko. Ngamafutshane, zifana nesitshixo nesitshixo. Kuphela ukuba olu ngqamaniso lugqibelele apho umzimba uya kwamkela iiseli ezisandula ukufakelwa ngaphandle kokuzilahla 'njengeentshaba zasemzini'.
Ngokomndilili, malunga nama-30% abantu bayakwazi ukufumana umntu onikela nge-bone marrow ohambelanayo nomntu okwintsapho yabo (umnakwabo okanye udade wabo). Kodwa ama- 70% aseleyo kufuneka afumane esi sipho sobomi kumntu ongaphandle kosapho, umntu abangamaziyo. Yiyo loo nto iirejista zabaxhasi be-bone marrow zigcinwa kwihlabathi liphela.
Ngaba uhlanga okanye uhlanga luchaphazela ukufana?
Ewe. Eli linqaku elibaluleke kakhulu. Ngokubanzi, amathuba okuthelekiswa kwe-HLA aphezulu phakathi kwabantu bohlanga olunye okanye imvelaphi yohlanga olunye. Iijini ezilawula ukuzikhusela kwethu zibonisa umahluko othile ngokuxhomekeke kuhlanga lwethu.
Oku kuthetha ukuba ukuba umntu waseSri Lanka udinga ukufakelwa umongo wethambo, unethuba elihle lokufumana umntu ofanelekileyo onikelayo eSri Lanka. Yiyo loo nto kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba abantu abavela kuzo zonke iintlanga kunye noluntu babhalise njengabanikeli bomongo wethambo. Emva koko, ukuba umntu uyawufuna, uya kukwazi ukufumana umntu ofanelekileyo onikelayo ngokukhawuleza.
Ndingabhalisa njani ukuba ndingumnikeli womongo wethambo?
Ukuba ufuna ukubhalisa njengomnikeli womongo eSri Lanka, kukho iindawo ezininzi eziphambili apho unokufumana khona ulwazi. I-National Cancer Institute, iMaharagama idlala indima ebalulekileyo kule nkalo. Ungafumana ulwazi oluthe kratya malunga noku nge-National Blood Transfusion Service.
Inkqubo yobhaliso idla ngokuba ngolu hlobo:
1. Ukubonelela ngolwazi: Okokuqala, siza kufumana ulwazi olusisiseko kunye neenkcukacha malunga nemeko yakho yempilo.
2. Ukuthatha isampuli: Okulandelayo, kuthathwa isampuli ukuze kufunyanwe uhlobo lwakho lwe-'HLA'. Oku kulula kakhulu. Kusenokufuneka uthathe iiseli ezimbalwa kwi-'cheek swab' ngaphakathi emlonyeni wakho. Okanye kusenokufuneka uthathe igazi elincinci kakhulu.
3. Ubhaliso: Uhlobo lwakho lwe-HLA luyahlalutywa kwaye olo lwazi lufakwa kwirejista yabanikeli.
Emva koko, akukho nto unokuyenza. Uza kuqhagamshelwa kuphela ukuba uhlobo lwakho lwe-HLA luhambelana nesigulana naphi na emhlabeni. Oko kuthetha ukuba ukuba ubhalisile akuthethi ukuba uza kuba ngumnikeli womongo wethambo. Usenokungaze ufumane umnxeba. Kodwa ukuba uyawufumana, kuthetha ukuba unethuba lokusindisa ubomi bomntu.
Ziziphi izizathu zokungafaneleki ukunikela ngomongo wethambo?
Nangona nabani na wamkelekile ukuba ajoyine eli phulo libalulekileyo, iziqinisekiso ezithile zempilo ziyaqwalaselwa ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lomnikeli kunye nommkeli. Ezi meko zilandelayo zihlala zithathwa njengezingafanelekanga ukunikela ngomongo wethambo.
| Isizathu sokungafaneleki | Ingcaciso elula |
|---|---|
| Ubudala | Ngokuqhelekileyo, abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-60 ubudala abavumelekanga ukunikela. |
| I-HIV/AIDS | Umntu osuleleke yi-HIV akanakunikela. |
| Iimeko ezinzima ze-arthritis | Iimeko ezinzima ezifana ne -rheumatoid arthritis . |
| Izifo ezizikhusela ngokwazo emzimbeni | Izifo ezizikhusela ngokwazo zizifo apho amajoni omzimba ahlasela khona umzimba. |
| Izifo zokuqunjelwa kwegazi | Izifo ezinxulumene negazi ezifana ne -hemophilia . |
| Umhlaza | Ukuba ukhe wafumana unyango (i-chemotherapy, i-radiation) lomhlaza ngaphambili. |
| Isifo seswekile | Abantu abanesifo seswekile abathatha inaliti ye-insulin abanakunikela. |
| Isifo sentliziyo | Iingxaki zentliziyo ezinzulu. |
| IHepatitis B okanye C | Ukuba olu sulelo lwentsholongwane lukhona emzimbeni. |
| Isifo sezintso | Isifo sezintso esingapheliyo. |
Olu luhlu aluphelelanga. Ukuba unomdla wokunikela, kodwa unengxaki yempilo, kungcono ukuxoxa ngayo nogqirha wakho . Uya kukwazi ukuphonononga imbali yakho yezonyango aze agqibe ukuba ungumntu ofanelekileyo na.
Isebenza njani inkqubo yokunikela ngomongo wethambo?
Khawucinge nje, ubhalisiwe, uze ngenye imini ufumane umnxeba othi ufanelekile kwisigulana. Kwenzeka ntoni emva kokuba uvumile? Masiyijonge inyathelo ngenyathelo.
1. Ngaphambi kotyando
Okokuqala, impilo yakho iyonke iya kuhlolwa. Oku kukuqinisekisa ukuba ukulungele ngokupheleleyo oku. Ngenxa yoku, kuya kwenziwa uvavanyo oluninzi.
- Uvavanyo lwegazi: Ubalo lwegazi olupheleleyo (CBC), uvavanyo lokusebenza kwezintso nesibindi (CMP), kunye novavanyo lwexesha lokugalela igazi (PTT).
- Uvavanyo losulelo: Jonga izifo ezahlukeneyo ezisulelayo ezifana ne-HIV, i-hepatitis, kunye ne-cytomegalovirus (CMV).
- Ezinye iimvavanyo: Kwenziwa i-ECG kunye ne-X-ray yesifuba ukujonga ukusebenza kwentliziyo.
Emva kwako konke oku, ugqirha we-anesthesia uza kukuhlola aze akulungiselele utyando.
2. Ngexesha lotyando
Oku kwenzeka kwigumbi lotyando.
- Okokuqala, uza kunikwa i-anesthesia eqhelekileyo. Ngoko awuyi kuva ntlungu , uza kube ulele ubuthongo.
- Baza kukujika ulale esiswini sakho.
- Emva koko, ugqirha ufaka inaliti ekhethekileyo engenanto edlula eluswini olungasemva kwethambo lakho lesinqe aze akhuphe ulwelo lomongo wethambo.
- Kutheni kufuneka ukhethe ithambo lesinqe? Kuba liqulathe eyona mongo kunye neeseli ze-stem ezisempilweni kakhulu emzimbeni wethu.
- Kusenokufuneka ufake inaliti izihlandlo ezininzi ukuze ufumane ubungakanani obufunekayo.
- Ngokwesiqhelo, kufunyanwa phakathi kwepayinti enye ukuya kwezimbini (malunga nelitha eyi-0.5 - 1) yomongo wamathambo olwelo. Nangona oku kunokuvakala ngathi kuninzi, kodwaNgaphantsi kwe-10% yomongo wakho wonke. Umzimba wakho uyakha kwakhona eli nani kwiiveki ezimbalwa.
- Yonke le nkqubo ithatha malunga neyure .
3. Emva kotyando
- Uza kusiwa kwigumbi lokuchacha. Kuya kufuneka uhlale apho kangangeyure.
- Abahlengikazi baza kulinda ukuba ubuyele ezingqondweni kwaye baza kuhlala bejonga izinto ezifana nokubetha kwentliziyo yakho kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi.
- Kuza kufakwa ibhandishi apho inaliti ifakwe khona. Baza kujonga nokuba akukho nakuphi na ukopha okungaqhelekanga.
- Wakuba ukwazile ukusela ulwelo, ityhubhu yesaline (ityhubhu ye-IV) iya kususwa.
- Abahlengikazi baza kukukhuthaza ukuba wenze izinto ezinjengokuphefumla nzulu nokukhohlela ukuze unciphise imiphumo yokungalali ngokwaneleyo.
Usenokuziva udiniwe kwaye unesicaphucaphu. Kodwa oko kuya kuba ngcono kancinci kancinci. Ungabuyela ekhaya ngokuhlwa okanye ngosuku olulandelayo. Kodwa awukwazi ukuqhuba ngokwakho, udinga umntu wokukuqhuba.
Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga kunye nexesha lokubuyela esiqhelweni
Njengakwezinye iintlobo zotyando, kukho iingozi ezincinci kakhulu. Kukho iimpendulo ezinokwenzeka kwi-anesthesia, usulelo, kunye nomonakalo kwimithambo-luvo okanye kwisihlunu apho inaliti ifakwe khona. Kodwa ezi azixhaphakanga kakhulu .
Ngexesha lokuchacha, unokufumana oku kulandelayo:
- Intlungu emqolo ongezantsi nasesinqeni: Usenokuziva uqaqanjelwa kwaye uqinile kangangeentsuku ezimbalwa, ngokungathi wonzakele. Ugqirha wakho uza kukuxelela ukuba uthathe i-painkiller elula (umz. i-paracetamol) ukuze wenze oku.
- Ukugruzuka: Indawo apho inaliti ifakwe khona isenokuba luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
- Ukudinwa: Abanye abantu baziva bediniwe kwaye benobunzima bokuhamba iintsuku ezininzi.
- Ukunqongophala kwe-iron: Usenokucelwa ukuba uthathe izongezo ze-iron kangangeentsuku ezimbalwa ukuze uncede ukubuyisela amanqanaba eeseli zakho ezibomvu zegazi.
Uninzi lwabantu lunokubuyela kwimisebenzi yabo yesiqhelo emva kweentsuku ezimbalwa zokuphumla . Kungathatha malunga neeveki ezimbini ukuya kwezintathu ukuze baphile ngokupheleleyo.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukwaneliseka kwengqondo okufumanayo kule nkqubo. Ukuziva ukuba omnye umntu, mhlawumbi umntwana omncinci, uyaphila kwakhona ngenxa yakho akunakulinganiswa. Lelo lithuba elikhulu apha.
Ukuba ubonakalisa iimpawu zosulelo, ezinje ngomkhuhlane, ukubomvu, ukudumba, okanye iintlungu eziqatha kwindawo efakwe kuyo inaliti, kufuneka ufowunele ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko .
Okokugqibela, ngaba umnikeli kunye nommkeli bangaze badibane? Ewe. Kodwa kuphela ukuba bobabini bafuna. La maqumrhu adibanisayo akwanceda ekulungiseleleni ezo ntlanganiso.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Ukunikela ngomongo wethambo sisenzo esihle esinokusindisa ubomi bomntu onesifo esingapheliyo njengomhlaza wegazi.
- Le nkqubo yenziwa phantsi kwe-anesthesia epheleleyo, ukuze umntu onikelayo angayiva intlungu . Lutyando olukhuselekileyo kakhulu.
- Eyona ngxaki inkulu kukufumana i -HLA ehambelana nesigulana. Ke ngoko, kubalulekile ukubhalisa abaxhasi abaninzi kangangoko kunokwenzeka.
- Umzimba wakho uza kuphinda uvelise inani lomongo wethambo owufumanayo kwiiveki ezimbalwa , kwaye awuyi kukwenzakalisa ixesha elide.
- Ukuba unomdla wokuba ngumnikeli, ungafumana ulwazi oluthe kratya kumaziko afana neMaharagama Apeksha Hospital okanye iNational Blood Donation Service.
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