Khawuthelekelele ukuba ngequbuliso uneentloko ezibuhlungu ongazange ube nazo ebomini bakho. Kunye noko, uziva unesiyezi kwaye unesicaphucaphu. Akulunganga ukuyityeshela into efana nale. Kuba oku kungaba luphawu lwemeko enzima efana nokopha kwegazi ebuchotsheni. Le yimeko efuna unyango olukhawulezileyo. Ngoko masithethe ngale nto ngokucacileyo namhlanje.
Kalula nje, yintoni ukopha kwengqondo?
Ukopha kwegazi ebuchotsheni, okwaziwa ngokwezonyango ngokuba yi-"Intracranial Hemorrhage," kuyopha ngaphakathi ekhanda lakho. Olu luhlobo lwestroke .
Ingqondo yethu ayinakugcina ioksijini yodwa. Ke ngoko, ifuna ukunikezelwa rhoqo kweoksijini kunye nezondlo ukuze isebenze. Lo msebenzi wenziwa luthungelwano lwemithambo yegazi ethambileyo kuyo yonke ingqondo. Xa ingqondo iphuma igazi, igazi liphuma kwenye yale mithambo yegazi okanye umthambo wegazi uqhume.
Xa oku kusenzeka, igazi liqala ukuqokelelana ngaphakathi kwentloko. Eli gazi liqokelelana libeka uxinzelelo olukhulu engqondweni. Olu xinzelelo lubangela ukuba iiseli zengqondo ziyeke ukufumana ioksijini kunye nezondlo ezizidingayo, kwaye ezo seli ziqala ukufa.
Khumbula, iiseli zethu zengqondo zinokuphila ixesha elifutshane kakhulu, malunga nemizuzu emithathu ukuya kwemine, ngaphandle kweoksijini. Le yingxamiseko yezonyango enokuba yingozi ebomini. Okukhona unyango lufunyanwa ngokukhawuleza, kokukhona iziphumo ziba ngcono.
Le meko ixhaphakile emva kwengozi, njengokuwa okanye ukubetheka entloko. Ixhaphake kakhulu nakubantu abanoxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu olungalawulwa kakuhle.
Ziziphi iintlobo eziphambili zokopha ebuchosheni?
Nangona ibizwa ngokuba "kukopha ebuchotsheni," le yingongoma ebanzi kakhulu koogqirha. Kuba yahlulwe yaba ziintlobo ezahlukeneyo ngokuxhomekeke ekubeni ukopha kwenzeka phi ngaphakathi ekhayeni. Olu hlobo lubaluleke kakhulu ekumiseleni unyango.
Ukuze siqonde oku, masiqale sijonge oko kungaphakathi kwentloko. Phakathi kwengqondo yethu namathambo ekhakhayi, kukho isigqubuthelo esikhuselayo see-membrane ezintathu ezincinci. Ezi sizibiza ngokuba yi-"meninges". Ezi membrane zintathu yi-"dura mater" ngaphandle, i-"arachnoid" embindini, kunye ne-"pia mater" enamathela kwingqondo ngokwayo. Ukopha kunokwenzeka phakathi kwezi membrane okanye ngaphakathi kwizicubu zobuchopho.
Ingohlulwa ibe ziindidi ezimbini eziphambili ngokuxhomekeke kwindawo yokopha:
1. Ngaphakathi kwekhakayi, kodwa ngaphandle kwezicubu zobuchopho.
2. Ngaphakathi kwithishu yengqondo ngokwayo.
| Uhlobo lokopha | Inkcazo elula yendawo |
|---|---|
| 1. Ukopha ngaphandle kwezicubu zobuchopho | |
| Ukopha kwegazi kwi-epidural | Ukopha phakathi kwethambo lekhakayi kunye ne-membrane ekhuselayo yangaphandle (i-dura mater). |
| Ukopha kwegazi ngaphantsi kwesisu | Ukopha phakathi kwe-membrane engaphandle (i-dura mater) kunye ne-membrane ephakathi (i-arachnoid). |
| Ukopha kweSubarachnoid | Ukopha phakathi komaleko ophakathi (i-arachnoid) kunye ne-membrane encinci (i-pia mater) egubungela ubuchopho ngokwayo. |
| 2. Ukopha ngaphakathi kwithishu yengqondo | |
| Ukopha ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi | Ukopha okwenzeka ngaphakathi kwithishu yobuchopho, umzekelo kwi-brain lobes, i-cerebellum, okanye i-brainstem. |
| Ukopha kwegazi ngaphakathi kwe-ventricular | Ukopha kungena kwi-ventricles, izithuba ezingenanto ngaphakathi kwengqondo. Ezi mingxunya kulapho kuveliswa khona ulwelo lwe-cerebrospinal olukhusela ingqondo kunye nomqolo. |
Zithini iimpawu zokopha ebuchotsheni?
Iimpawu zinokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo kunye nendawo yokopha. Kodwa kukho iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ezinokubonakala. Ukuba wena okanye umntu omaziyo uhlangabezana nenye okanye ezingaphezulu kwezi, kubalulekile ukufuna ingcebiso kagqirha ngokukhawuleza.
| Udidi lweempawu | Inkcazo |
|---|---|
| Iimpawu eziphambili ezenzeka ngequbuliso | |
| Intloko ebuhlungu kakhulu | Intloko ebuhlungu ngequbuliso, eqhumayo, eyona nto imbi endakha ndayibona ebomini bam. Abantu abaninzi bathi olu luphawu lokuqala. |
| Ubuthathaka kwelinye icala lomzimba | Ukuba ndindisholo, ubuthathaka, okanye ukungakwazi ukulawula icala elinye lobuso, ingalo, okanye umlenze. |
| Ezinye iimpawu ezingxamisekileyo |
|
| Ezinye iimpawu ezinzulu ezinokwenzeka | |
| Utshintsho kumbono | Ukulahlekelwa ngumbono, ukubona kabini, okanye ukubona okufipheleyo. |
| Ezinye iimpawu zomzimba |
|
Yintoni ebangela ukopha engqondweni?
Kukho izizathu ezahlukeneyo zokuba umthambo wegazi osebuchotsheni uvuza igazi okanye uqhume.
- Ukulimala entloko: Oku kunokwenzeka xa intloko ibethwe kakhulu, njengakwingozi yokuwa, ingozi yemoto, okanye enye ingozi ngelixa udlala imidlalo.
- Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu: Le yeyona nto ixhaphakileyo. Ukuba uxinzelelo alulawulwa ixesha elide, iindonga zemithambo yegazi ebuthathaka engqondweni zinokuba buthathaka kwaye ziqhume.
- I-Atherosclerosis: Iimfumba zamafutha ziqokelelana ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi, nto leyo ebangela ukuba zivaleke.
- I-Cerebral aneurysm: Ubuthathaka bodonga lomthambo wegazi engqondweni, okubangela ukuba ludumbe njengebhaluni. Oku kungaqhuma ngequbuliso.
- Ukukhubazeka kwemithambo yegazi (AVM): Yimeko yokuzalwa apho imithambo yegazi kunye nemithambo yegazi zidibene ngendlela engaqhelekanga. Ezi zinokuvuza igazi.
- Ithumba lobuchopho: Iithumba ebuchosheni zinokubangela uxinzelelo kwimithambo yegazi ejikelezileyo kwaye zibangele ukopha.
- Izinto zokunciphisa igazi/i-Anticoagulants: La mayeza, anikwa ezinye izifo zentliziyo, anyusa kancinci umngcipheko wokopha.
- Ukutshaya nokusebenzisa iziyobisi.
Ifunyaniswa njani kwaye inyangwa njani le nto?
Xa ungeniswe esibhedlele, ugqirha uza kukuxilonga ngokukhawuleza. Uza kujonga iimpawu zakho, ingqondo yakho, kunye namandla akho omzimba.
Emva koko, uza kuthunyelwa kuvavanyo lwemifanekiso ukuze kubonwe ukuba kukho na ukopha, kwaye ukuba kunjalo, apho kukhoyo, kwaye likhulu kangakanani.
- I-CT scan (i-Computed Tomography scan): Oku kungathatha umfanekiso wangaphakathi wentloko ngokukhawuleza kwaye kuhlolwe ukuba akukho gazi na.
- I-MRI scan (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): Oku kunokuvelisa imifanekiso ecacileyo neneenkcukacha ezithe vetshe yezicubu zobuchopho.
Ukongeza koku, uvavanyo lwegazi kunye novavanyo lwe-ECG lunokwenziwa ukuze kufunyanwe unobangela wokopha.
Iindlela zonyango
Unyango luxhomekeke kwisizathu, indawo, kunye nobungakanani bokopha. Injongo ephambili kukuyeka ukopha kunye nokunciphisa uxinzelelo engqondweni.
1. Iintlobo zamayeza:
- Amayeza okulawula uxinzelelo lwegazi.
- Amayeza okunciphisa ukudumba kwengqondo.
- Amayeza okuthintela ukuxhuzula.
- Amayeza okunceda intlungu kunye noxinzelelo.
2. Utyando:
- Kwezinye iimeko, utyando lunokufuneka ukuze kususwe igazi eliqokelelweyo kwaye kuncitshiswe uxinzelelo. Oku kunokubandakanya ukwenza umngxuma omncinci ekhayeni ukuze kukhutshwe igazi (ukuthomalalisa uxinzelelo) okanye ukususa inxalenye yekhayeni okwethutyana ukuze kuncitshiswe uxinzelelo (i-craniectomy).
- Ukuba unobangela wokopha yi-aneurysm okanye i-AVM, kuya kufuneka utyando ukuze kulungiswe loo nto.
Isigulana sigcinwa kwigumbi lokhathalelo oluphezulu (ICU) de imeko yaso ihlale izinzile, kwaye izinto ezifana nokuphefumla kunye nesantya sentliziyo zihlala zijongwa.
Kwenzeka ntoni emva konyango? Ngaba kuyimfuneko ukubuyiselwa kwimeko yesiqhelo?
Ewe, ukuvuselelwa komzimba kudla ngokuba yimfuneko kuba xa ingqondo yonakele, eminye yemisebenzi yomzimba inokuchaphazeleka. Umzekelo:
- Ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo.
- Ubunzima bokuthetha nokuqonda amagama.
- Iingxaki zokuhamba kunye nokulinganisela.
- Ukulahlekelwa bubomi kwinxalenye yomzimba (ukukhubazeka).
- Iingxaki zokubona.
Unyango lokubuyisela ubomi kwimeko yesiqhelo lunceda ekubuyiseleni kancinci kancinci ezi zakhono zilahlekileyo. Oku kuquka unyango lomzimba, unyango lokuthetha, kunye nonyango lomsebenzi. Kufana nokwakha amandla kwakhona. Ukuzinikela kwesigulana kunye nosapho lwaso kubaluleke kakhulu koku.
Ngaba kukho izinto esinokuzenza ukunciphisa umngcipheko?
Asinakuyithintela ngokupheleleyo eminye yemiba, efana neengozi, kodwa ngokwenza utshintsho kwindlela esiphila ngayo, singayinciphisa kakhulu ingozi yale meko imbi kangaka.
- Lawula uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi: Ukuba unexinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, thatha amayeza anikwe ngugqirha wakho ngexesha. Jonga uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi rhoqo.
- Kuphephe ukutshaya ngokupheleleyo.
- Nciphisa ukusetyenziswa kotywala.
- Yitya ukutya okunempilo: Nciphisa ityuwa, ioyile, kunye neswekile. Faka imifuno, iziqhamo, kunye nemifuno engakumbi ekutyeni kwakho.
- Zilolonge rhoqo.
- Gcina ubunzima bakho busempilweni.
- Ukuba unesifo seswekile, silawule kakuhle.
- Zikhusele kwiingozi: Nxiba ibhanti xa ukhwela izithuthi kunye nesigcina-ntloko xa ukhwela iibhayisekile/iibhayisekile.
Ukuba unale mpawu, ungalibazisi umzuzwana. Musa ukuzama ukuzinyanga ekhaya okanye ulinde. Yiya kwiSebe lezeMpilo eziNgxamisekileyo (ETU) lesibhedlele esikufutshane ngokukhawuleza. Ixesha libaluleke kakhulu apha.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Ukopha kwegazi ebuchotsheni luhlobo olubi kakhulu lwestroke. Yimeko engxamisekileyo yezonyango enokuba yingozi ebomini.
- Iimpawu eziphambili ziyintloko ebuhlungu ngequbuliso, enganyamezelekiyo, ubuthathaka kwelinye icala lomzimba, ubunzima bokuthetha, kunye nokudideka.
- Ukuba ubona naziphi na kwezi mpawu, musa ukuchitha ixesha kwaye ngoko nangoko thatha isigulana usise kwiYunithi yoNyango oluNgxamisekileyo (ETU) yesibhedlele esikufutshane.
- Ukulawula uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, ukuphepha ukutshaya, kunye nendlela yokuphila esempilweni kunokunciphisa umngcipheko.
- Unyango lwangethuba kunye nokuvuselelwa emva koko kunokunyusa amathuba esigulana okuchacha.
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