Kuqhelekile ukuba uninzi lwethu luzive lusoyika kwaye luxhalabile xa sisiva igama elithi "umhlaza." Kodwa ubusazi na ukuba ukuba siyazi ngezifo ezithile, ingakumbi umhlaza webele, kwaye siyaqonda iingozi, singayithintela ingozi enkulu enokubangelwa zizo? Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngesihloko esibaluleke kakhulu. Olu luVavanyo loMngcipheko woMhlaza webele. Ungakhathazeki, siza kuthetha ngale nto ngokulula, ngendlela onokuyiqonda.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni olu vavanyo lomngcipheko womhlaza webele?
Cinga ngayo njengengxelo yemozulu. Ingxelo yemozulu ayitsho ukuba "kuza kuna namhlanje," ithi "kukho ithuba lemvula." Yiyo loo nto kunjalo. Uvavanyo lomngcipheko womhlaza webele yindlela yokubala amathuba okuba ube nomhlaza webele ebomini bakho. Ayinakuze ithi ngokuchanekileyo nge-100% "uza kufumana umhlaza" okanye "awuyi kufumana."
Oku kwenziwa ukuze kubonwe ukuba umngcipheko wakho uphezulu okanye uphantsi kunesiqhelo xa kuthelekiswa nabanye abafazi abaneminyaka yakho kunye nemvelaphi yakho. Olu lwazi lubaluleke kakhulu kugqirha wakho. Kuba lunokukunceda ugqibe ukuba kufuneka unike ingqalelo engakanani kwimpilo yebele lakho kunye novavanyo ekufuneka ulwenze. Okwangoku, ezi ndlela zokuvavanya umngcipheko zenzelwe abafazi kuphela. Azisetyenziselwa ukulinganisa umngcipheko womhlaza webele kumadoda.
Ngoko ke, ezi ndlela zokuvavanya umngcipheko zisebenza njani?
Okwangoku kukho iimodeli ezingaphezu kwama-24 ezahlukeneyo ezilinganisa umngcipheko womhlaza webele. Uninzi lwazo ziimibuzo ezikwi-intanethi onokuzigcwalisa ngokwakho kwimizuzu eli-10 nje kuphela. Nje ukuba uphendule le mibuzo, isoftware ibala amanqaku ngokusekelwe kwizinto ezikumngcipheko .
Into enobungozi yinto eyonyusa amathuba okufumana isifo. Makhe sijonge izinto eziphambili ezibangela umhlaza webele. Ukuze uqonde oku ngokucacileyo, jonga itheyibhile engasezantsi.
| Into Engumngcipheko | Ingcaciso elula |
|---|---|
| Ubudala | Umngcipheko womhlaza webele uyanda kancinci kancinci njengoko abantu bekhula. |
| Imbali yoSapho | Umngcipheko wakho uphezulu ukuba umntu kusapho lwakho, ingakumbi isalamane esisondeleyo njengomama wakho, udadewenu, okanye intombi yakho, uye waba nomhlaza webele. |
| Utshintsho lweMfuzo | Umngcipheko uyanda kakhulu ukuba unekopi eguquliweyo ye -BRCA1 okanye i-BRCA2 genes. Ezi zinokufunyanwa njengelifa. |
| Ubuninzi bebele | Abafazi abanezicwili zamabele ezixineneyo kunezicwili ezinamafutha basengozini enkulu kancinci. Oku kunokubonwa nge-mammogram. |
| Iibhayoloji zamabele zangaphambili | Umngcipheko uphezulu ukuba i-biopsy yamabele yangaphambili ibikwe ukuba ineeseli ezingaqhelekanga (umz., i-hyperplasia engaqhelekanga). |
| Ukuvezwa kweHormone | Umngcipheko uyanda xa ixesha elide umzimba udibana ne-estrogen kunye ne-progesterone. Oku kunokubangelwa yimeko yokuya exesheni, kunye nezinye iipilisi zokulawula ukuzalwa okanye unyango lokutshintshwa kwe-hormone (HRT). |
| Ubudala xa useMenarche | Xa umntwana efikisa eselula kakhulu (umz. ngaphambi kokuba afikelele kwiminyaka eli-12), umngcipheko uyanda ngenxa yokuba ixesha elide efumana iihomoni. |
| Ubudala ngexesha lokuya esikhathini | Umngcipheko uphezulu ukuba uyaqhubeka nokuya exesheni ude ube mdala kakhulu (umz. emva kweminyaka engama-55), nto leyo eyonyusa ixesha ofumana ngalo iihomoni. |
| Imbali Yokuzalwa Komntwana | Abafazi abangazange babe nabantwana basengozini enkulu. Abafazi abanomntwana wabo wokuqala emva kweminyaka engama-35 nabo basengozini enkulu. Ukuba nabantwana, ingakumbi xa besebancinci, kunciphisa umngcipheko. |
Kodwa khumbula, ayizizo zonke izinto ezinobungozi ezifanayo. Umzekelo, nangona umngcipheko unyuka kancinci xa ukhula, ukuba notshintsho lwezakhi zofuzo lwe-BRCA1 kunokunyusa umngcipheko wakho wokuba nomhlaza nge-60%. Oko kukodwa kwanele ukubeka umntu kuluhlu olunengozi ephezulu.
Zeziphi iimvavanyo eziphambili zomngcipheko ezisetyenziswayo?
Iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuvavanya zinika ubunzima obahlukeneyo kwezi zinto zinobungozi. Oko kukuthi, zibala amanqaku ngokwahlukileyo. Makhe sijonge ezinye zeendlela ezisetyenziswa kakhulu.
Imodeli yeGail (BCRAT)
Le yeyona ndlela idumileyo nesetyenziswa kakhulu kwihlabathi liphela. Yaphuhliswa yiNational Cancer Institute eMelika. Le mibuzo ithatha imizuzu engaphantsi kwemihlanu ukuyigqiba. Ngokuyintloko inika umbono womngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza kwiminyaka emihlanu ezayo kwaye xa uneminyaka engama-90 ubudala.
Imibuzo ephambili ebuzwayo kule nto yile:
- iminyaka yakho
- Uhlanga/uhlanga
- Imbali yokuba nabantwana
- Ingaba i-biopsy yebele yenziwe ngaphambili
- Ubudala xa uqala ukuya exesheni
- Imbali yosapho yomhlaza webele
Ukuba oku kukhokelela kumngcipheko weminyaka emihlanu we-1.67% okanye ngaphezulu, kuthathwa “njengomngcipheko ophezulu.” Ukuba kunjalo, ugqirha wakho unokukunika iyeza elifana neTamoxifen, elinciphisa umngcipheko womhlaza. Nangona kunjalo, le ndlela ayifanelekanga kubantu ababenomhlaza ngaphambili okanye abaziwa ngokuba notshintsho lwemfuza olufana ne-BRCA.
I-IBIS (iTyrer-Cuzik Model)
Le ndlela ineenkcukacha ezingaphezulu kunemodeli kaGail. Ibala umngcipheko kwiminyaka eli-10 ezayo nakwixesha lobomi bonke. Ikwaqwalasela izinto ezifana nezi:
- Uxinano lwamabele
- Isalathisi soBunzima boMzimba (i-BMI)
- Imbali yomhlaza wesibeleko
- Ukusetyenziswa konyango lwehomoni (HRT)
- Ukwazi malunga nokuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo ze-BRCA1 okanye ze-BRCA2
Ngokusekelwe kwiziphumo, oogqirha banokugqiba ukuba ufuna ukuvavanywa amabele kangaphi, okanye ukuba kufuneka wenze uvavanyo lwejini ye-BRCA.
I-BRCAPRO
Oku kucacile ngakumbi. Olu vavanyo lujonga ikakhulu ukuba kunokwenzeka kangakanani ukuba ube notshintsho lwe-BRCA1 okanye i-BRCA2 emzimbeni wakho. Oku kuxhomekeke phantse ngokupheleleyo kwimbali yomhlaza kwintsapho yakho. Kufuna ulwazi oluninzi olunzulu, ingakumbi ubudala apho amalungu osapho afumana umhlaza, uvavanyo lwe-genetic abaye balwenza, kunye notyando lokususwa kwamabele okanye kwesibeleko. Ngokusekelwe kwiziphumo zoku, ungathatha isigqibo sokuba kufuneka wenze uvavanyo lwe-genetic okanye hayi.
Ugqirha wam uza kuzisebenzisa njani ezi ziphumo?
Le yeyona nto ibalulekileyo. Ukuba uthatha uvavanyo olufana nolu kwi-intanethi kwaye luthi "usengozini enkulu," musa ukoyika okanye ukoyika. Oko akuthethi ukuba unomhlaza. Yindawo elungileyo nje yokuqalisa incoko phakathi kwakho nogqirha wakho.
Ngokusekelwe kwezi ziphumo, ugqirha wakho angathabatha amanyathelo anjengala:
- Ukucebisa ukuvavanywa kwamabele rhoqo: Usenokucelwa ukuba wenze ii-mammogram okanye ezinye iimvavanyo (umz., i-MRI) rhoqo kunesiqhelo.
- Ukudluliselwa kwiNgcebiso ngeMfuzo: Ungathunyelwa kwingcali ukuze ichaze ukuba ngaba uvavanyo lokuguqulwa kwemfuza okwandisa umngcipheko wakho wokuba nomhlaza lufanelekile na kunye nendlela iziphumo eziya kuyichaphazela ngayo ubomi bakho kunye nosapho lwakho.
- Ukunika amayeza okunciphisa umngcipheko: Amayeza afana neTamoxifen anokuthintela ukukhula kweeseli zomhlaza.
- Ukuxoxa ngotyando lokuthintela: Kumntu osengozini enkulu (umz., umntu one-BRCA gene mutation), i-prophylactic mastectomy ingaxoxwa ngayo ngaphambi kokuba umhlaza uvele. Oku kunokunciphisa kakhulu umngcipheko.
Zithembeke kangakanani iziphumo zolu vavanyo?
Le yinto ekufuneka sithethe ngayo ngokunyanisekileyo. Ezi ndlela zovavanyo zisekelwe kwidatha eqokelelwe kubantu abaninzi. Oko kukuthi, ulwazi oluvela kumakhulu amawaka abafazi abaye baba nomhlaza luthelekiswa nolwazi lwakho, kwaye esi siphumo sinikiwe. Kodwa akukho namnye kuthi ongoo-manani. Nokuba sinezinto ezifanayo zomngcipheko, akukho mizimba yabantu ababini efanayo.
Ngoko ke, ezi ndlela zinemida emininzi:
- Ukwahluka kweDatha: Idatha esetyenziswa kwezinye iindlela zovavanyo isenokuthambekela kuhlanga olunye, ngoko ke iziphumo zisenokungachaneki ngokulinganayo kubo bonke abantu.
- Ayisebenzi kuzo zonke iintlobo zomhlaza: Ezi ndlela ikakhulu zibala iintlobo zomhlaza ezihlaselayo. Kwakhona, azinakubonelela ngolwazi malunga nomntu osele enomhlaza.
- Ukungacingi ngazo zonke izinto ezinobungozi:Ayizizo zonke izinto ezinobungozi ezigutyungelwa luvavanyo olunye. Ezinye zixhomekeke kakhulu kwimfuza, ngelixa ezinye zixhomekeke kwindlela yokuphila. Yiyo loo nto ngamanye amaxesha ugqirha wakho ekucela ukuba wenze uvavanyo olungaphezulu kolunye.
Nangona kukho le mida, olu vavanyo lomngcipheko lusebenza ngokwaneleyo ukunika uqikelelo olufanelekileyo lomngcipheko womntu, yiyo loo nto oogqirha beqhubeka belusebenzisa kunyango.
Ekugqibeleni, uvavanyo lomngcipheko womhlaza webele alunakuqikelela ukuba uza kuba nomhlaza na. Kodwa lunokwazisa ugqirha wakho ngomngcipheko wakho. Ukuhlolwa komhlaza webele kubalulekile kuye wonke umntu. Olu vavanyo lunye nje isixhobo sokukunceda uthathe isigqibo sokuba ungayinyamekela njani impilo yakho. Lunokukunceda ufumane uhlolo rhoqo. Injongo kukufumana umhlaza kwangethuba, xa unokunyangeka.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Uvavanyo lomngcipheko womhlaza webele yindlela yokulinganisa amathuba akho (amathuba) okuba nomhlaza, hayi ukuxilongwa.
- Musa ukoyika ngeziphumo, thetha nogqirha wakho . Leyo yeyona nto ibalulekileyo.
- Iziphumo ezinobungozi obukhulu azithethi ukuba uza kuba nomhlaza. Kwaye ayisiyongcinga ilungileyo ukuyeka ukuvavanywa kuba nje ufumene iziphumo ezinobungozi obuphantsi.
- Ezi ndlela zovavanyo zikunceda wena kunye nogqirha wakho ukuba nibe nefuthe ngakumbi kwaye nikhathalele impilo yenu.
- Amathuba okuba umhlaza unyangeke ngokupheleleyo ukuba ufunyenwe kwangethuba aphezulu kakhulu. Ngoko ke, ungaze uphoswe kuvavanyo lwamabele xa uneminyaka efanelekileyo.
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