Ngaba wakha wawabona amagama afana neCholesterol kunye neTriglycerides xa ujonga ingxelo yegazi? Mhlawumbi ugqirha wakho ukuxelele ukuba, "I-cholesterol yakho iphezulu kancinci, lumka." Sonke siyayoyika kancinci igama elithi 'cholesterol', akunjalo? Kodwa ziintoni kanye ezi Lipids, okanye njengoko sihlala sizibiza, amafutha emizimbeni yethu? Ngaba zimbi kuphela emizimbeni yethu? Okanye ngaba zikho ezilungileyo? Masithethe ngale nto namhlanje ukuze siphendule yonke imibuzo onayo engqondweni.
Ngamafutshane, zithini ezi lipids?
Ngamafutshane, ii-lipids liqela leekhemikhali emizimbeni yethu ezinamafutha okanye i-wax. Umahluko omkhulu kukuba azinyibiliki emanzini. Khawucinge ukuba ubeka ioyile yekhokhonathi kwiglasi yamanzi, ingadada phezulu, kodwa ayixubeki namanzi, akunjalo? Yile ndlela ii-lipids ezifumaneka ngayo egazini lethu.
Ezi lipids zibalulekile kwimisebenzi emininzi ebalulekileyo emzimbeni wethu. Oku kuthetha ukuba iilipids azikho 'mbi' nje kuphela. Kodwa njengayo nayiphi na into, iingxaki ziyavela xa zininzi kakhulu.
Iintlobo zee-lipids esiziva rhoqo ngazo kunye namabali azo
Xa sithetha nge-lipids, kubalulekile ukwazi ngabadlali abambalwa abaphambili. Mhlawumbi sele ukhe weva la magama ngaphambili.
1. I-Cholesterol: Eli lelona lungu laziwayo kusapho lwe-lipid. I-Cholesterol ibalulekile emizimbeni yethu ukuze ifunxe amafutha kunye neevithamini kwaye ivelise iihomoni.
2. Ii-Triglycerides: Ezi zezona ndlela ziphambili zomzimba wethu zokugcina amandla. Iikhalori ezongezelelweyo esizifumanayo ekutyeni esikutyayo ziguqulwa zibe zii-triglycerides ngumzimba kwaye zigcinwe kwiiseli zamafutha.
Kodwa kukho ingxaki apha. Njengoko benditshilo ngaphambili, i-cholesterol kunye ne-triglycerides azinyibiliki emanzini. Igazi lethu ikakhulu ngamanzi. Ngoko ke zihamba njani egazini emzimbeni wonke?
Khawuthelekelele ufuna ukuwela umlambo, kodwa awukwazi ukudada. Wenza ntoni? Ungena emkhombeni, akunjalo? Ngokufanayo, la mafutha asebenzisa uhlobo 'lwenqanawa' ukuhamba egazini. Ezi bhoti sizibiza ngokuba zii-lipoprotein . Zenziwe ngamafutha kunye neeproteni.
Ezi lipoproteins kulapho ibali le-cholesterol 'elungileyo' nelibi esilivileyo lisekelwe khona.
| Uhlobo lwe-lipoprotein | Igama esilaziyo | Into oyenzayo ilula. |
|---|---|---|
| I-High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) | I-cholesterol "elungileyo" | Oku kufana nelori yenkunkuma kamasipala. Iqokelela i-cholesterol engafunekiyo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba ize iyise esibindini ukuze yonakale. Ngenxa yoko, inceda ukugcina imithambo yegazi yethu icocekile. Kulungile kakhulu ukuba namanqanaba aphezulu e-HDL. |
| I-Lipoprotein eNcinci (i-LDL) | I-cholesterol "embi" | Le yeyona ibangela iingxaki. Xa amanqanaba e-LDL enyuka, le cholesterol iqala ukufakwa ngaphakathi kweendonga zemithambo yethu yegazi. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, ezi zinokuqokelelana kwaye zivale imithambo yegazi. Le yeyona nto ibangela izifo ezifana nokuhlaselwa yintliziyo kunye nokubetha. |
| I-Lipoprotein eNcinci kakhulu (VLDL) | Umthwali we-triglycerides | Umsebenzi wayo ophambili kukuthutha ii-triglycerides ukusuka esibindini ukuya kwiiseli zomzimba. Emva kokuba ezi VLDL "ziwohlokile" ii-triglycerides, okuseleyo koko kuba yi-LDL "embi" ekhankanyiweyo ngaphambili. |
Ezinye iingenelo ze-lipids emzimbeni wethu
Ukongeza kwingxaki ye-cholesterol, ii-lipids zinezinye izibonelelo ezininzi emizimbeni yethu.
- Ukugcinwa kwamandla kunye nokuthuthwa kwawo: Ii-Triglycerides zisebenza njengendawo yokugcina amandla emizimbeni yethu.
- Ukuthumela imiyalezo kwiiseli: Iihormone ze-steroid luhlobo lwe-lipid oludlulisela imiyalezo phakathi kweeseli emzimbeni wethu.
- Ukunceda ekugayweni kokutya: Iityuwa zenyongo, ezenziwa sisibindi sisebenzisa i-cholesterol, zinceda ekugayweni kwamafutha ekutyeni esikutyayo.
- Ukukhusela iiseli: Yonke iseli emzimbeni wethu inesigqubuthelo sangaphandle. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-cell membrane. Oku kwenziwe ngee-lipids. Kufana nesango lendlu. Esi sigqubuthelo se-lipid simisela ukuba ngubani onokungena kwiseli kwaye ngubani onokuphuma.
Izifo ezenzeka xa amanqanaba e-lipid ephazamisekile
Ngokwesiqhelo, umzimba wethu uvelisa inani lee-lipids ozifunayo. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha olu lungelelwaniso luyalahleka. Emva koko, izifo ezahlukeneyo zinokwenzeka.
- I-Hyperlipidemia: Oku kukunyuka okugqithisileyo kwamanqanaba e-lipid (i-cholesterol, i-triglycerides) egazini.
- I-Hypolipidemia: Eli lizinga eliphantsi lee-lipids egazini. Le yimeko engaqhelekanga kakhulu.
- I-atherosclerosis: Esi sesona siphumo siyingozi kakhulu. I-LDL okanye i-cholesterol "embi" iqokelelana eludongeni lwemithambo yegazi, nto leyo ebangela ukuba inciphe kwaye iqine ngaphakathi. Oku sikubiza ngokuba "kukuqina kwemithambo yegazi."
- Isifo semithambo yentliziyo: Imeko ebangelwa kukuvaleka kwemithambo yegazi ehambisa igazi entliziyweni. Oku kunokukhokelela ekuhlaselweni yintliziyo.
- I-Hypertriglyceridemia: Ukwanda kwamanqanaba e-triglyceride egazini.
Ngaba kukho naziphi na iimpawu ezibonisa amanqanaba aphezulu e-lipid?
Eyona nto iyingozi apha kukuba abantu abaninzi abanazo iimpawu, nokuba amanqanaba abo e-cholesterol egazini aphakame kangakanani na . Yiyo loo nto abanye abantu beyibiza ngokuba "ngumbulali othuleyo." Iimpawu zibonakala kuphela emva kokuba imithambo yegazi inciphile kakhulu.
Nangona kunjalo, abanye abantu abanezinga eliphezulu le-cholesterol banokubona iimpawu ezifana nezi:
- I-Xanthelasma: Amaqhuqhuva amancinci, atyheli kulusu olujikeleze amehlo, ingakumbi ngaphakathi kweliso.
- I-Xanthoma: Iqhuma elenziwe kukugcwala kwamafutha phantsi kolusu kwezinye iindawo zomzimba, ingakumbi kufutshane namalungu omzimba.
- I-Corneal Arcus: Isangqa esimhlophe okanye esingwevu esijikeleze i-cornea yeliso. Oku kuqhelekile njengoko sikhula, kodwa ukuba ubona oku kumntu oselula, kunokuba luphawu lwamanqanaba aphezulu e-cholesterol.
Ndingayazi njani kanye kanye imilinganiselo ye-lipid yam?
Eyona ndlela yokwazi amanqanaba e-lipid emzimbeni wakho kukwenza uvavanyo lwegazi olubizwa ngokuba yi-lipid profile . Olu luvavanyo lwegazi olulula kakhulu.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo: Ngaphambi kokuba wenze olu vavanyo, akufuneki utye okanye usele nantoni na (ngaphandle kwamanzi) kangangeeyure ezili-10-12 . Oku kubizwa ngokuba kukuzila ukutya. Eyona nto ingcono kukungatyi nto emva kwentsimbi yesi-8 emva kwemini uze uye kunika igazi kusasa olulandelayo. Emva koko iziphumo ziya kuba zichanekile kakhulu.
Kwakhona, kuphephe ukwenza olu vavanyo xa ugula okanye uxinezelekile, kuba iziphumo zinokwahluka kancinci ngamaxesha anjalo. Xelela ugqirha wakho nangayiphi na imithi oyithathayo.
Athini amanani akwingxelo?
Ngokwesiqhelo, amaxabiso akwingxelo yeProfayili yeLipid ngala alandelayo (la ngamaxabiso aqhelekileyo, kwaye ugqirha wakho unokulungisa iithagethi ngokusekelwe kwimeko yakho yempilo):
- I-Cholesterol iyonke: Ngaphantsi kwe-200 mg/dL yeyona ilungileyo.
- I-LDL Cholesterol ("embi"): Ingaphantsi kwe-130 mg/dL ilungile. Kodwa ukuba unesifo seswekile okanye isifo sentliziyo, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa ukuba igcinwe ngaphantsi kwe-100 mg/dL okanye i-70 mg/dL.
- I-HDL Cholesterol ("elungileyo"): Ngaphezulu kwe-60 mg/dL kuthathwa njengekhuselekileyo. Okukhona oku kuphezulu, kokukhona kungcono.
- Ii-Triglycerides: Ngaphantsi kwe-150 mg/dL kulungile.
Izinto esinokuzenza ukulawula amanqanaba e-lipid
Iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba amanqanaba e-lipid anokulawulwa kakhulu ngokutshintsha indlela esiphila ngayo.
1. Utshintsho kwindlela yokutya
- Nciphisa amafutha agcweleyo: Ezi zezona ntshaba ziphambili ezinyusa amanqanaba ethu e-LDL. Nciphisa ukutya okuninzi kangangoko unako ngobisi lwekhokhonathi oluninzi, ukutya okunamafutha, inyama ebomvu (inyama yenkomo, inyama yehagu), iimveliso zobisi ezinamafutha apheleleyo (itshizi, ibhotolo), kunye nokutya okukhawulezayo.
- Khetha amafutha alungileyo: Amantongomane afana neoyile yomnquma, ioyile yecanola, iiavokhado, amantongomane, kunye neecashew zinamafutha asempilweni.
- Yitya ukutya okunefayibha eninzi: Faka ukutya okuziinkozo ezingaphezulu (irayisi emdaka, i-oats, irhasi), imifuno, iziqhamo, kunye neembotyi (iitshickpeas, iimbotyi eziluhlaza). Ifayibha inceda ukususa i-cholesterol emzimbeni.
- Nciphisa ukutya okuneswekile nokunomgubo: Izinto ezifana neziselo ezineswekile, iikeyiki, iibhisikithi, kunye nesonka ziyawanyusa amanqanaba ethu e-triglyceride.
2. Ukuzilolonga
Ngokuzilolonga njengokuhamba ngokukhawuleza, ukubaleka, ukukhwela ibhayisekile, okanye ukudada ubuncinane imizuzu engama-30 ngosuku, ubuncinane iintsuku ezi-5 ngeveki, unokunyusa amanqanaba akho e-cholesterol e-HDL "alungileyo" kwaye unciphise amanqanaba akho e-LDL "amabi" kunye ne-triglyceride.
3. Ezinye iinguqu kwindlela yokuphila
- Gcina ubunzima obusempilweni: Njengoko ubunzima bomzimba busanda, amanqanaba e-lipid nawo ayakhula. Ukunciphisa nobunzima obuncinci kunokwenza umahluko omkhulu.
- Kuphephe ukutshaya ngokupheleleyo: Ukutshaya kunciphisa amanqanaba e-cholesterol ye-HDL ("elungileyo") kwaye konakalisa imithambo yegazi, oku kukhawulezisa inkqubo ye-atherosclerosis.
- Lala kakuhle: Ukulala ngokwaneleyo iiyure ezisi-7-9 ngemini kubaluleke kakhulu kwimpilo iyonke.
- Landela icebiso likagqirha wakho: Ukuba amanqanaba akho e-lipid awakwazi ukulawulwa ngokutshintsha indlela yokuphila yodwa, ugqirha wakho unokukunika amayeza. Ii-statins zezona ntlobo zamayeza zisetyenziswa kakhulu. Kukwakho neminye imithi efana ne -bile acid sequestrants, ii-fibrates, kunye ne-PCSK9 inhibitors . Kubalulekile ukuthatha amayeza anikwe ngugqirha wakho njengoko kuyalelwe.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Ii-lipids luhlobo lwamafutha olubalulekileyo emizimbeni yethu ukuze iphile. Nangona kunjalo, i-LDL ephezulu ("i-cholesterol embi") kunye ne-triglycerides zezona zinto zibangela isifo sentliziyo.
- I-cholesterol ephezulu ayisoloko ibangela naziphi na iimpawu , ngoko ke kubalulekile ukuba uhlolwe rhoqo ngugqirha.
- Fumana uvavanyo lwegazi oluthi "Lipid Profile" ukuze wazi amanqanaba e-lipid yakho.
- Amanqanaba e-lipid angalawulwa kakuhle ngokutya ukutya okunempilo, ukuzilolonga rhoqo , ukuphepha ukutshaya, kunye nokugcina ubunzima obusempilweni.
- Ukulandela imiyalelo kagqirha wakho kunye nokusela amayeza akho ngendlela eyiyo yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokukhusela impilo yentliziyo yakho.
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