Ngaba unengxaki yokuphefumla efana ne-asthma? Okanye ngaba ukhe wambona umntu kusapho lwakho esebenzisa i-inhaler? Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngala mayeza enza kube lula ukuphefumla, oko kukuthi ii-bronchodilators. Abantu abaninzi bayazoyika ezi zinto, kodwa ukuba uyaziqonda kwaye uzisebenzisa ngokuchanekileyo, ezi zinokuba luncedo olukhulu ebomini.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni i-bronchodilator?
Cinga ngeendlela zomoya ezithwala umoya uye emiphungeni yakho njengeetyhubhu. Xa izihlunu ezithambileyo ezijikeleze ezi tyhubhu ziqina, indawo engaphakathi kwiityhubhu iba ncinci kwaye kuba nzima ukuba umoya udlule. Oku kwenzeka kwiimeko ezifana ne-asthma kunye ne-COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease). Kulapho uziva ngathi uyakrwitshwa kwaye isifuba sakho sixinene.
Ngoko ke, into eyenziwa leli yeza elibizwa ngokuba yi-bronchodilator kukukhulula izihlunu eziqinileyo ngoko nangoko kwaye kwandise iindlela zomoya ezixineneyo (i-bronchi). Emva koko kuba lula ukuba imiphunga ingenise kwaye ikhuphe umoya, kwaye unokuphefumla lula ngakumbi.
Kukho enye inzuzo kwezi ziyobisi. Xa iindlela zomoya zivulekile, kwane-mucus ebambeke ngaphakathi iqala ukuhamba ngokukhululekileyo. Emva koko unokukhohlela i-mucus ngokulula.
La mayeza ikakhulu eza ngohlobo lwe-inhaler kwaye njengolwelo olunikezelwa ngomatshini obizwa ngokuba yi-nebulizer.
Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili ze-bronchodilators:
Ezi zinokwahlulwa zibe ziintlobo ezimbini eziphambili ngokuxhomekeke ekubeni zithatha ixesha elingakanani ukusebenza. Ugqirha wakho uza kukuxelela ukuba usebenzise enye yazo, okanye mhlawumbi zombini.
| Ifomu Yeyeza | Inkcazo |
|---|---|
| Iibronchodilators ezisebenza ngokufutshane | La ngamayeza anikwa ukulawula ngokukhawuleza iimpawu zesifo sombefu, ezifana nokuphefumla kancinci. Akwabizwa ngokuba "ziinhalers zokuhlangula." Ahlala malunga neeyure ezi-3-6. |
| Ii-bronchodilators ezisebenza ixesha elide | Ezi azisetyenziswa xa kukho imeko engxamisekileyo. Zisetyenziswa ngamaxesha aqhelekileyo yonke imihla, zigcina iindlela zomoya zivulekile malunga neeyure ezili-12, kwaye zithintela uhlaselo lwe-asthma ukuba lungaphindi luvele. Ezi ziphantsi koluhlu "lwezithinteli." |
Ziziphi iintlobo eziphambili ze-bronchodilators?
Kukho iintlobo ezintathu eziphambili ze-bronchodilators: i-beta 2-agonists, i-anticholinergics, kunye ne-theophylline.
1. I-Beta 2-agonists
Ezi ziza ngohlobo lwe-short-acting (SABA) kunye ne-long-acting (LABA).
- I-beta 2-agonists esebenza ngokukhawuleza (SABA): La ngamayeza "okunceda" asetyenziselwa ukuhlaselwa sisifo sesifuba ngequbuliso. Asebenza kwimizuzu eli-15-20 kwaye anika isiqabu malunga neeyure ezi-4-6. Angasetyenziswa nangaphambi kokuzilolonga ukuthintela isifo sesifuba esibangelwa kukuzilolonga. Imizekelo: `Albuterol (Ventolin®)`, `Levalbuterol (Xopenex®)`.
- Ii-agonists ze-beta-2 ezisebenza ixesha elide (LABA): Ezi zithathwa kabini ngemini kwaye zinceda ukugcina isifo silawulwa. Zihlala zinikwa kunye ne-corticosteroid, uhlobo lonyango olunciphisa ukudumba kwimibhobho yomoya. Imizekelo: `Salmeterol (Serevent®)`, `Formoterol (Foradil®)`. Kukwakho nee-inhalers ezidibanisa zombini, ezifana ne-`Advair®` kunye ne-`Symbicort®`.
2. I-Anticholinergics
Ezi zithintela ukusebenza kwe-acetylcholine, ikhemikhali eveliswa yinkqubo yethu yemithambo-luvo. Le acetylcholine yiyo enika imiqondiso yokuba izihlunu ezijikeleze iindlela zomoya ziqine. La mayeza asetyenziselwa ukulawula ixesha elide isifo sesifuba esinzima ukusilawula, endaweni yokunceda ngokukhawuleza. Imizekelo: `Ipratropium bromide (Atrovent®)`, `Tiotropium bromide (Spiriva Respimat®)`.
3. I-Theophylline
Iza ngohlobo lwepilisi (`Uniphyl®`). Nangona inceda ekulawuleni ukuhlaselwa sisifo sesifuba esinzima, ayisasetyenziswa kakhulu. Xa usela eli yeza, kuya kufuneka wenze uvavanyo lwegazi rhoqo ukuqinisekisa ukuba uneyeza elifanelekileyo egazini lakho.
Zithini iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zoku?
Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zinokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo olusetyenzisiweyo. Nangona kunjalo, azibonakali kuye wonke umntu, kwaye ukuba ziyenzeka, zihlala ziphela emva kweentsuku ezimbalwa.
| Uhlobo lwamayeza | Iziphumo Ezingalindelekanga Ezinokwenzeka |
|---|---|
| I-Beta 2-agonists | Ukuziva ungcangcazela, ungazinzi, ukubetha kwentliziyo okuphezulu, isisu esibuhlungu, ukungalali. |
| I-Anticholinergics | Umlomo owomileyo, amehlo, nempumlo, incasa engaqhelekanga emlonyeni, isicaphucaphu, kunye nokungaboni kakuhle okwethutyana ukuba iyeza lingena emehlweni. (Abanye abantu banokuba nobunzima bokuchama). |
| I-Theophylline | Isicaphucaphu, isisu esibuhlungu, urhudo, intloko ebuhlungu, ukubetha kwentliziyo okungahambelaniyo, ukuxhuzula kwemisipha. |
Ingaba i-bronchodilator luhlobo lwe-steroid?
Hayi. Ezi ziintlobo ezimbini ezahlukeneyo zamayeza.
Ngamafutshane, ii-bronchodilators ziphumza izihlunu kwiindlela zakho zomoya. Ii-steroids zinciphisa ukudumba kwiindlela zakho zomoya. Ngenxa yokuba zombini ezi nkqubo zenzeka kwizifo ezifana ne-asthma, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa ukuba usebenzise omabini la mayeza kunye.
Uyisebenzisa njani i-inhaler ngokuchanekileyo?
Ukuze ufumane uncedo olupheleleyo lweyeza, kubaluleke kakhulu ukusebenzisa i-inhaler ngokuchanekileyo. Landela la manyathelo.
1. Vala isigqubuthelo se-inhaler kakuhle uze usishukumise kakuhle malunga nezihlandlo ezili-10-15.
2. Vula isiciko.
3. Tsala umoya onzulu ngaphakathi uze uwukhuphe ngokupheleleyo.
4. Beka imilebe yakho ijikeleze umlomo uze uyibambe ngokuqinileyo.
5. Cinezela i-inhaler kube kanye. Kwangaxeshanye, phefumlela nzulu ngomlomo wakho.
6. Ukuba uva isandi somlozi xa uphefumla, oko kuthetha ukuba uphefumla ngokukhawuleza kakhulu. Tsala umoya onzulu kancinane.
7. Bamba umphefumlo wakho malunga nemizuzwana eli-10. Kulapho iyeza lifikelela khona kuzo zonke iindawo zemiphunga yakho.
8. Phinda la manyathelo ukuze ufumane inani leempuphu ezicetyiswe ngugqirha wakho. Shiya umzuzu omnye phakathi kokumpuphu ngakunye.
9. Xa ugqibile, vala isiciko kwakhona.
10. Kubalulekile:Ukuba usebenzisa i-inhaler ene-steroid (corticosteroid), hlambulula umlomo wakho kakuhle ngamanzi emva kokuyisebenzisa. Oku kunokunciphisa kakhulu iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga.
Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha wam?
Ukuba ufumanisa iimpawu ezintsha ezifana nokuphefumla kancinci, ukukhohlela, okanye ukuphefumla kancinci, qiniseka ukuba ubona ugqirha. Unokwenza uvavanyo lokusebenza kwamaphaphu ukuze aqinisekise imeko yakho echanekileyo.
Kwaye kukho nenye into ebalulekileyo.
Ukuba kufuneka usebenzise i-rescue inhaler yakho (SABA) ngaphezulu kwesibini ngeveki , oko kuthetha ukuba i-asthma yakho ayilawulwa kakuhle.
Ukuba oku kuyenzeka, musa ukukubetha ngoyaba. Bona ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko ukuze nixoxe ngokuba kufuneka nitshintshe idosi okanye uhlobo lwamayeza owasebenzisayo ukuze kulawulwe imeko yakho ixesha elide. Soloko ulandela isicwangciso samayeza sikagqirha wakho ngokuchanekileyo.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-bronchodilator luhlobo lonyango oluphumza izihlunu ezijikeleze iindlela zomoya, nto leyo eyenza ukuphefumla kube lula.
- Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili: uncedo olukhawulezileyo (ukuhlangula) kunye nothintelo lwexesha elide (umthinteli).
- Kubaluleke kakhulu ukusebenzisa i-inhaler yakho njengoko ugqirha wakho ekuyalele, ngexesha elifanelekileyo, kwaye ngedosi efanelekileyo.
- Ukuba kufuneka usebenzise "i-inhaler yakho yokusindisa" ngaphezulu kwesibini ngeveki, luphawu lokuba isifo sakho asilawuleki. Bonana nogqirha wakho ngoko nangoko.
- Iibronchodilators azizo iisteroids, kodwa ezi ntlobo zimbini zamayeza zihlala zisetyenziswa kunye.
- Ukuba unemibuzo malunga namayeza okanye imeko yakho, thetha nogqirha wakho rhoqo.
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