Ngaba wakha wazibuza ukuba umzimba wethu uzivuselela njani yonke imihla? Ngamanye amaxesha ulusu lwethu luyaphela, kwaye xa sifumana inxeba, luyaphola kwaye ulusu olutsha luyakhula. Emva kwako konke oku kukho inkqubo emangalisayo nebalulekileyo ebizwa ngokuba yi "Cell Death". Nangona eli gama lisenokuvakala lisoyikisa kancinci, eneneni yinto ebaluleke kakhulu ekufuneka imizimba yethu ihlale isempilweni. Makhe sithethe ngayo ngokulula namhlanje.
Masiqale sibone, ziintoni ezi seli?
Ngamafutshane, iiseli zifana neebhloko ezincinci zokwakha ezenza imizimba yethu. Enyanisweni, sineeseli ezingaphezu kwe-30 trillion emizimbeni yethu. Njengokuba izitena zifuneka ukwakha indlu, lonke ilungu lomzimba wethu, kuquka ulusu lwethu, izihlunu, isibindi, intliziyo, kunye nengqondo, zenziwe ngezi seli. Iseli nganye inamacandelo amathathu aphambili.
- I-membrane yeseli: Le sisigqubuthelo esibhityileyo esijikeleze iseli. Sisebenza njengomlindi wesango, silawula oko kungena nokuphuma kwiseli.
- I-Cytoplasm: Olu lulwelo olungaphakathi kwiseli. Kulapho uninzi lweempendulo zeekhemikhali ezifunekayo kwiseli, ezinje ngokwenza iiproteni nokuvelisa amandla, zenzeka khona.
- I-Nucleus: Le yindawo yokulawula iseli, njengobuchopho. Lonke ulwazi lwethu lwemfuza, okanye i-DNA, lugcinwa ngaphakathi kule nucleus. I-nucleus ikwasebenzisa ulwazi olukule DNA ukwenza i-RNA, ethwala imiyalezo efunekayo ukuze iseli isebenze.
Kutheni iiseli emizimbeni yethu zisifa?
Kukho izizathu ezahlukeneyo zokuba iiseli zife. Ezinye zezi zilungile, ezinye azilunganga kangako.
- Ukwaluphala: Njengoko sikhula, iiseli nazo zinobomi obuthile. Emva kokuba iseli ephilileyo yahlulwe malunga namaxesha angama-50-60 kwaye yenze iiseli ezintsha, loo seli ayisakwazi ukwahlukana. Emva koko, iseli iyafa ngokwendalo.
- Umonakalo: Ezinye iiseli zonakala ngendlela engenakulungiseka. Xa oku kusenzeka, ezo seli ziyafa ngokwemvelo kwaye zithatyathelw’ indawo ziiseli ezintsha neziphilileyo.
- Ukungasetyenziswa: Ngamanye amaxesha, ngexesha lokukhula, ezinye iiseli azibalulekanga. Umzekelo, iminwe yomntwana inokuqala idityaniswe, kodwa yahlukane kuphela xa iiseli eziphakathi kwazo zisifa.
- Izifo kunye nezizathu zangaphandle: Iintsholongwane, iityhefu, ukwenzakala, kunye nezinye iimeko zonyango nazo zinokubangela ukuba iiseli zonakale kwaye zife.
Into ebalulekileyo kukuba le nkqubo yokukhupha iiseli ezindala, ezonakeleyo ibalulekile ekugcineni imizimba yethu isempilweni. Cinga ngolusu lwakho. Yonke imihla, malunga neeseli ezifileyo ezingama-40,000 ziyaphuma eluswini lwakho. Ulusu olutsha lwenziwa ukuze luthathe indawo yazo.
Ziziphi iindlela eziphambili zokufa kweeseli?
Masithethe ngeendlela ezintathu eziphambili zokufa kweeseli. Ezi zintathu zahluke kakhulu enye kwenye. Ezi yi-apoptosis, i-autophagy, kunye ne-necrosis.
| Indlela yokufa kweeseli | Kalula nje... | Ingaba oku kulungile okanye kubi? |
|---|---|---|
| I-Apoptosis | Ukuzibulala kweeseli okucwangcisiweyo nokucwangcisiweyo. (Isicwangciso sokuthatha umhlalaphantsi weseli) | Ngokubanzi kulungile . Kugcina umzimba ucocekile kwaye usempilweni. |
| I-Autophagy | Iseli iphinda isebenzise amalungu ayo amadala 'ngokuwatya'. (Inkqubo yokucoca iseli) | Inokuba yinto elungileyo nembi . |
| I-Necrosis | Ukufa kweseli ngengozi, ngaphandle kwesicwangciso. (Ingozi kwiseli) | Ihlala imbi . Ibangela ukufa kwezicubu. |
1. I-Apoptosis - ukufa kweeseli okucwangcisiweyo
Oku kubizwa ngokuba "kukufa kweeseli okucwangcisiweyo." Okwenzekayo apha kukuba xa iseli ifikelela esiphelweni sobomi bayo, okanye xa yonakele, izitshabalalisa ngendlela ehlelekileyo, ngaphandle kokulimaza iiseli ezijikelezileyo.
Umzekelo ongcono kukwahlukana kweminwe yomntwana esibelekweni endikukhankanyileyo ngaphambili. Ekuqaleni, kukho indawo efana nolusu phakathi kweminwe. Xa iiseli ezingafunekiyo phakathi zifa ngendlela ecwangcisiweyo ngenxa yenkqubo ethi "Apoptosis", iminwe iyahlukana kakuhle. Ukuba le nkqubo ayenzeki kakuhle, ezinye iintsana zinokuba neminwe enamatheleneyo xa zizalwa (Syndactyly).
Kuza kwenzeka ntoni ukuba le nkqubo ayisebenzi kakuhle?
- Ukuba i-apoptosis ayenzeki kakuhle:Khawucinge ukuba bekuya kwenzeka ntoni ukuba iiseli ezindala, ezonakeleyo beziqhubeka ziphila zingafi. Ezo seli ziya kuqala ukwahlukana ngokungalawulekiyo. Le yeyona sizathu sokuba umhlaza wenzeke. Iiseli zomhlaza ziiseli "ezingenakufa" ezingafiyo ngexesha ekufanele zife ngalo.
- Ukuba i-apoptosis yenzeka kakhulu: Ngamanye amaxesha, iiseli ezibalulekileyo emzimbeni ziyafa ngeli xesha xa kungafanele zife. Umzekelo, kwizifo zenkqubo yemithambo-luvo ezifana nesifo sikaParkinson okanye isifo sika-Alzheimer, iiseli zemithambo-luvo ezibalulekileyo (ii-neurons) ebuchotsheni ziyafa kakhulu. Oku kuchaphazela amandla okucinga nokushukuma.
2. I-Autophagy - Iiseli 'ziyazitya' ngokwazo
Igama elithi `Autophagy` lithetha ``ukuzityela.'' Le yinkqubo ecwangcisiweyo. Nangona kunjalo, iseli yonke ayifi apha. Okwenzekayo kukuba iseli ngokwayo ``iyayigaya'' iindawo ezindala, ezonakeleyo, nezingenamsebenzi ngaphakathi kwiseli kwaye isebenzise kwakhona izinto ezivelayo ukwakha iindawo ezintsha nezisempilweni.
Ngamafutshane, kufana nokucoca indlu. Ulahla izinto ezaphukileyo, uthathe izinto ezisebenzisekayo, uze wakhe izinto ezintsha.
Zithini izinto ezilungileyo nezimbi ngale nto?
- Icala elihle: Le nkqubo yokuphinda isetyenziswe inceda inkqubo yethu yomzimba yokuzikhusela ukuba itshabalalise iintsholongwane ezifana neentsholongwane kunye neebhaktheriya ezingena emzimbeni. Inokunceda ekuthinteleni iiseli eziphilileyo ukuba zingabi ziiseli zomhlaza kwaye ikhusele kwizifo ezifana nesifo sentliziyo.
- Ingxaki: Ukuba umntu sele enomhlaza, le nkqubo ye-"Autophagy" inokuba nefuthe elibi, njengoko iiseli zomhlaza zinokusebenzisa izondlo ezongezelelweyo ezivela koku kusetyenzwa kwakhona ukuze zikhule ngokukhawuleza.
Abanye abantu bazama ukulawula ukutya kwabo okanye ukuzila ukutya bezama ukuvuselela iiseli zabo. Nangona kukholelwa ukuba oku kuvuselela inkqubo ye-"Autophagy", akukaqinisekiswa ngokwesayensi ukuba kuyasebenza. Imiqathango engqongqo yokutya inokuba yingozi kwimpilo yakho, ngoko ke ngokuqinisekileyo kufuneka uthethe nogqirha wakho ngaphambi kokuba wenze into enjalo.
3. I-Necrosis - Iiseli ezifa ngequbuliso
Le yindlela iiseli ezifa ngayo ngaphandle kwesicwangciso, ngenxa yengozi. Kanye njengokuba `(Apoptosis)` ifana nokuthatha umhlalaphantsi ngoxolo, `(Necrosis)` ifana nokufa ngengozi.
Ngenxa yokwenzakala, ityhefu, usulelo, okanye ukulahleka kokuhamba kwegazi kwindawo ethile, iiseli ziyayonakala kwaye 'ziqhume'. Okuqulethwe yiseli emva koko kuyavuza kwaye konakalise iiseli eziphilileyo ezijikelezileyo. Oku kubangela ukudumba kuloo ndawo kwaye ezinye iiseli ziqale ukufa. Oku kubizwa ngokuba kukufa kwezicubu.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba izicwili ezifileyo ngenxa ye-"Necrosis" azinakubuyiselwa. Oogqirha banokususa izicwili ezifileyo kuphela ngotyando.
Izizathu eziphambili ze-necrosis:
- Ukulimala kunye neengozi
- Iintsholongwane ezifana neebhaktheriya kunye neentsholongwane
- Izinto ezinobungozi kunye nokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi
- Ukulahleka kwegazi kunye neoksijini kwinxalenye yomzimba. Umzekelo, kwi-"Gangrene" izicubu zesikhumba ziyafa. Kwi-"Avascular necrosis" izicubu zethambo ziyafa.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Nangona igama elithi "Ukufa Kweeseli" lisenokuvakala lisoyikisa, yinkqubo eqhelekileyo nebalulekileyo efunekayo emizimbeni yethu ukuze ihlale isempilweni.
- I-Apoptosis yinkqubo ecwangcisiweyo kakuhle yokususa iiseli ezindala nezonakaliswe yintsholongwane. Ukuba oku akwenzeki kakuhle, kunokukhokelela kumhlaza, kwaye ukuba kwenzeka kakhulu, kunokukhokelela kwiimeko ezifana nezifo zemithambo-luvo.
- I-Autophagy yinkqubo yokuhlaziya nokuhlaziya eyenzeka kwinqanaba leeseli emzimbeni.
- I-Necrosis kukufa kweeseli ngengozi. Oku kusoloko kubi kwaye kukhokelela ekufeni kwezicubu.
- Ukuba unamathandabuzo okanye uloyiko malunga notshintsho emzimbeni wakho okanye imeko yempilo, qiniseka ukuba uthetha nogqirha wakho ngayo kwaye ufumane iingcebiso ezifanelekileyo.
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